Keep in mind that damn C++ still evolves fast and keeps adding new stuff, I wrote some tutorial in 2010 and they are already useless.
Said that:
tutorials and books
C++ Succinctly from Syncfusion, 100 pages, you read it cover to cover.
OReilly - Effective Modern C++ - Scott Meyers, the only book I follow. github.com/isocpp/CppCoreGuidelines the Cpp Core Guideliness.
Compilers
Clang and GCC have the same features ( as input language, not talking about output format) but I think Clang have better error messages and better code analysis tools.
Linkers error in GCC are usually gibberish.
IDE
I didn't do much C++ on Linux recently... Visual Studio is the best I know, CLion is good too.
Back in the time I enjoyed KDevelop but you will need KDE.
Best way to scaffold a project?
No clear standard, some people like headers only, some people still do the .h/.cpp separation, modules are not yet used much.
Package managers?
Pure mess. On visual studio you have NuGet, it works but it's clumsy.
I like vcpkg (github.com/microsoft/vcpkg) but it's not that common.
Never tried conan. CMake is usually a good option.
Is it good to use straight away C++20
Go for it, almost everything is still supported... just most of the older ideas are now bad ideas.
Unit tests.
I only used GTest so far.
Code Generations via IDE
No idea, but headers-only is still an option.
How are you doing still working on C++ on 2021?
It's like driving a tank with lots of button in the cockpit.
Some of them you need, some you may need, some are useless, some will make the tank explode.
It's a hell of a language, but I don't know anything better for game programming or low level stuff with class based OOP.
Do you think it is stupid to try to catch up on C++ on 2021?
If you plan to use it, no.
If you just want to know it, well I'm studying Scheme, who am I to judge? xD
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Keep in mind that damn C++ still evolves fast and keeps adding new stuff, I wrote some tutorial in 2010 and they are already useless.
Said that:
tutorials and books
C++ Succinctly from Syncfusion, 100 pages, you read it cover to cover.
OReilly - Effective Modern C++ - Scott Meyers, the only book I follow.
github.com/isocpp/CppCoreGuidelines the Cpp Core Guideliness.
Compilers
Clang and GCC have the same features ( as input language, not talking about output format) but I think Clang have better error messages and better code analysis tools.
Linkers error in GCC are usually gibberish.
IDE
I didn't do much C++ on Linux recently... Visual Studio is the best I know, CLion is good too.
Back in the time I enjoyed KDevelop but you will need KDE.
Best way to scaffold a project?
No clear standard, some people like headers only, some people still do the .h/.cpp separation, modules are not yet used much.
Package managers?
Pure mess. On visual studio you have NuGet, it works but it's clumsy.
I like vcpkg (github.com/microsoft/vcpkg) but it's not that common.
Never tried conan. CMake is usually a good option.
Is it good to use straight away C++20
Go for it, almost everything is still supported... just most of the older ideas are now bad ideas.
Unit tests.
I only used GTest so far.
Code Generations via IDE
No idea, but headers-only is still an option.
How are you doing still working on C++ on 2021?
It's like driving a tank with lots of button in the cockpit.
Some of them you need, some you may need, some are useless, some will make the tank explode.
It's a hell of a language, but I don't know anything better for game programming or low level stuff with class based OOP.
Do you think it is stupid to try to catch up on C++ on 2021?
If you plan to use it, no.
If you just want to know it, well I'm studying Scheme, who am I to judge? xD