DEV Community: 50 Yuvashree S

Selenium

50 Yuvashree S — Mon, 03 Mar 2025 14:33:11 +0000

Selenium Architecture :

    * Selenium WebDriver is a automation tool used for testing web applications across different browsers.
    * Selenium 3 Architecture is based on client-server model.
    * Selenium 3 (WebDriver architecture) is based on JSON Protocol.
    * JSON stands for Java Script Object Notation.

Selenium 3 Architecture:

Selenium 3 Components:

     WebDriver architecture includes
         * Client Library
         * WebDriver API
         * Browser Drivers
         * Real Browsers

1.Client Library:
* Selenium supports multiple libraries like Python, Java, Ruby, C#.
* These libraries allow Selenium WebDriver to interact with control browser with the help of JSON Protocol.

2.WebDriver API:
* It is an open source programming interface that allow developers to interact with a web browsers.
* JSON Protocol is used for communication between Client Library and Browser Driver in Selenium3 .
* It is a set of commands and responses in JSON format exchanged over HTTP requests
HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

3.Browser Drivers:
* It establish communication between Web Driver and actual web browsers like Chrome Driver, Gecko Driver (Firefox), Safari Driver etc..
* The browser Driver decodes JSON commands and interacts with real web browsers.

4.Real Browsers:
* These are browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge where actual testing takes place.
* Browsers performs actions like clicking buttons, navigating page, filling forms etc. on the web page based on received commands.

Selenium 4 Architecture:

    * Selenium 4 architecture is mostly similar to that of Selenium3, however it uses W3C Protocol instead of JSON Protocol.
    * W3C stand for World Wide Web Consortium which is an international community that develops and maintains standards and guidelines of World Wide Web.
    * Selenium 4 is also a client-server model where W3C Protocol is used for communication between Client library and Browser Drivers.
    * W3C is used for better consistency, performance and compatibility across different browsers.

Selenium4 Architecture:

Python Virtual Environment:

  * Python Virtual Environment is an isolated space where we can work on python projects, separately from system installed Python
   To install Virtual environment- pip install vitualenv.
  * It provides isolated environment for each project, where one project will not interfere with other project.

Significance of Python Virtual Environment:

   * It helps us to work on different projects with different requirements. 
    For example When we are working on two project one using Flask and other using Tornado there will no interference between Flask and Tornado versions because of Virtual environment.

   * It is used for specific version of python that can be different systems default version based on project.
   For example when we need to work on  project using version python 3.10 but our system version is 3.11 we can create virtual environment with python 3.10.

   * Easily replicates project environment on different system by activating virtual environment.
   * It allows us to avoid installing python packages globally by making an isolated environment which means it will install packages just in our desire project folder.

Selenium

50 Yuvashree S — Tue, 25 Feb 2025 07:43:39 +0000

What is Selenium:

       * Selenium is an open source testing tool used for web application testing.
       * It allow user to test their website on different browsers and operating systems.
       * Manual testing can be time consuming and human errors can occur whereas Selenium automation allows test to be executed quickly and accurately.
       * Selenium was developed by Jason Huggins in 2004.
       * Selenium supports various browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer.
       * It supports multiple programming languages like python, ruby, java, C#, PHP, Perl.
       * Selenium supports parallel test execution allowing multiple tests to run simultaneously.

History of Selenium:

Selenium Components:

   1.Selenium IDE
   2.Selenium WebDriver
   3.Selenium Grid

1.Selenium IDE:
* Selenium IDE is like a tool that records what we do in a website and plays them back as automated tests.
* It is a Chrome and Firefox plugin.
* It does not support testing for desktop applications.
* Programming skills is not much needed for Selenium IDE.

2.Selenium WebDriver:
* Selenium WebDriver directly communicates with browser.
* It allows user to create and run test cases across different browsers, programming languages and operating system.

3.Selenium Grid:
* Selenium grid enables tester to run tests across multiple machines. Its is used for parallel testing.
* It is properly used for cross browser testing and to test in different browsers, platforms, devices.

Use of Selenium for automation. Relevance of Selenium using python

     * Selenium is an automation tool and software testing tool for web application.
     * Selenium allows testers to automate web browsers, Mimicking user interactions like clicking buttons, navigating page, entering text etc.. 
     * It is an open source tool that is free to use.
     * Selenium allows testers to automate testing across different browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge which ca be used for testing 
     * It allows tests to be executed quickly and accurately reducing human errors.
     * It integrate with other testing frameworks.
     * Selenium supports many programming languages like python, ruby, java, C#.
     * Selenium runs tests on multiple machines , browsers simultaneously.
     * It works on operating systems like Windows, Linux, MacOS.

Software Testing

50 Yuvashree S — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 03:55:30 +0000

1.Common Manual Testing Techniques:
Manual testing is a process in which software is manually tested to find errors or bugs. In this testing is done manually to detect the errors. The tester tests the predefined test cases. It may have some human errors . Some of the common Manual Testing Techniques are

1.Unit Testing:

      Unit testing is a testing in which each individual part or function  of code is tested. In this testing errors can be detected at the early stage and so we can fix it at the early time. It tests unit by unit so errors can be found easily .
   Example: E-Commerce website- Each and every single functions are tested like login, signup, cart page, amount transaction etc..

2:Integration Testing:

        Integration is nothing but combination of two or more things. Integration testing is a process in which different unit or modules are combined and tested together. It checks whether there is an error in connection between two interface modules. 
    Example: E-commerce website- when we click any option like add to cart it must redirect to the respective page.

3.System Testing:

         System testing is done on completed software. Its a end to end testing in which every part of the application is tested. It tests whether it satisfies user requirements .
     Example: Bus booking- Every options are checked whether its accessible by user

4.User Acceptance Testing:

         Its a final testing which is given to user to test whether it meet their requirements for suggestions , feedback and final launch of the application.

Alpha Testing- Its given to particular users , business professionals before its given to to actual users to check for the final output.
Beta Testing - Its given to actual users for verification and get their feedback.

5.White Box Testing:

         Testing is done line by line by Developers . In this testing developer knows the internal structure of code. Its also known as transparent box testing because internal structure of code will be known. Tester need not have deep knowledge of code.

6.Black Box Testing:

         Black Box Testing is performed by Testers. Its a end to end testing where tester need not know the internal structure of code. Tester checks whether it satisfies user requirements by giving required input. Black box Testing is also known as Opaque Box Testing because internal structure of code will not be known.

7.Gray Box Testing:

          Its a combination of both White Box and Black Box Testing. Both Tester and Developer perform Gray Box Testing. Gray Box Testing is also known as Translucent Box Testing because internal structure is partially known.

2.Boundary Value Analysis:
Boundary Value is a test case design technique which is used to test the boundaries between the partition. Test cases are used to perform test at boundaries. In boundaries there will be some defects than in the middle of partition so the testing is done at boundaries. In boundaries we will check
1.min 4.max
2.min-1 5.max-1
3.min+1 6.max+1
Example: Enter value between 20-50
minimum value = 20
maximum value = 50
valid data = 20,21,49,50
invalid data = 19,51

** 3.Decision Table Testing:**
Its a tabular representation where combination of inputs are given to get the desired output. It can be used for complex and multiple condition inputs. The table is in the form of 2^n. The main goal is we can solve complex problem or conditions in simple way using these tables. Its also called cause-effect table.

For Example we can take sign up page containing mail id and password table can be created if mail id and password are correct (TRUE) it will be redirected to home page . If its invalid (FALSE) error message must be displayed.

TC- TEST CASE

** 4.The Future of Manual Testing in the age of AI:**
In Todays world AI(Artificial Intelligence) is replacing everything in order to save time. The future of Manual testing can be enhanced by gaining knowledge , updating skills and knowing some AI tools to survive in this real world. Even though many tools are replaced by AI it needs a manpower to handle. Testers can solve problem effectively and produce quality product to end user. AI can be integrated with manual testing to get quality product and complex tasks can be made simple. If AI is used we need not manually write test cases instead AI tools can be used. AI cannot totally replace Manual testing because testers understand user experience from human perspective. In future AI will be helpful in solving queries , time consumption, human errors , manually written test cases etc.. when AI and manual testers work together the product can be given to user at the earliest time. AI can create test cases , setting up test environment, provide test results, detect defects, improving accuracy, speedup testing process, provide quality product, reduce time consumption, cost effective etc..