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    <title>DEV Community: Денис Барышков</title>
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      <title>Wiring Interactive Brokers into an LLM with MCP — real portfolio analytics and the traps nobody warns you about</title>
      <dc:creator>Денис Барышков</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Sun, 27 Sep 2026 09:09:27 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/__131e631b67/wiring-interactive-brokers-into-an-llm-with-mcp-real-portfolio-analytics-and-the-traps-nobody-2o0f</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/__131e631b67/wiring-interactive-brokers-into-an-llm-with-mcp-real-portfolio-analytics-and-the-traps-nobody-2o0f</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Broker dashboards show you what you own. They rarely show you what you're actually exposed to.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I wanted answers to questions my broker's UI could not give me: how correlated are my positions with each other, what is my portfolio's beta once cash is accounted for, what was my return if you strip out the money I deposited along the way.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Spreadsheets solve this once and then rot. So I wired the account directly into an LLM through MCP and let it pull live data before every calculation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Here is the architecture, the code that actually computes the numbers, and — more usefully — the five ways I got wrong answers before I got right ones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  What MCP gives you here
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The Model Context Protocol lets an assistant call external tools with structured inputs and outputs. Interactive Brokers exposes an MCP server, so the assistant gets functions like:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;code&gt;get_account_positions&lt;/code&gt; — current holdings, quantities, market values&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;code&gt;get_account_trades&lt;/code&gt; — executed trades with prices and timestamps&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;code&gt;get_price_history&lt;/code&gt; — OHLCV bars for a contract&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;code&gt;search_contracts&lt;/code&gt; — resolve a ticker into a contract id&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;code&gt;get_pa_performance_all_periods&lt;/code&gt; — performance across standard periods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The important part is not that an AI can read your account. It's that &lt;strong&gt;the data arrives structured and current&lt;/strong&gt;, so the analysis code never runs on a stale CSV.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The division of labour that works:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The assistant calls MCP tools and collects raw data&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The data goes into a Python sandbox&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;pandas and numpy do the maths&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The assistant interprets the output&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Step 3 matters. Do not let a language model do arithmetic on returns. Make it write code that does the arithmetic.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Getting prices you can actually compare
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;First trap, and it bites immediately: &lt;strong&gt;you cannot look up a contract by ticker string alone&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;search_contracts("LLY")&lt;/code&gt; returns more than twenty rows — the NYSE primary listing, a German listing, a Mexican listing, a Canadian CDR, plus leveraged ETFs whose symbols merely start with the same letters. Pick the wrong row and you are correlating your portfolio against a thinly traded foreign listing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Filter on an exact symbol match &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; the primary listing:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight python"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="k"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;resolve&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;rows&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;symbol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;country&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="n"&gt;exact&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;r&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;r&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ow"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;rows&lt;/span&gt;
             &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;symbol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;==&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;symbol&lt;/span&gt;
             &lt;span class="ow"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;get&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;country_code&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;==&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;country&lt;/span&gt;
             &lt;span class="ow"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;any&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;security_type&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;==&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;STK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;s&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ow"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;sections&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;])]&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ow"&gt;not&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;exact&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="k"&gt;raise&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nc"&gt;ValueError&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sa"&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;no primary listing for &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="si"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;symbol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="si"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="k"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;exact&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;][&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;underlying_contract_id&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Then pull bars for each holding plus a benchmark, and align them:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight python"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="kn"&gt;import&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;pandas&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;as&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;pd&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class="n"&gt;series&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;{}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="k"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;ticker&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;cid&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ow"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;contract_ids&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;items&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;():&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="n"&gt;bars&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;get_price_history&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;cid&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;1y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;bar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;1w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="n"&gt;s&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;pd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nc"&gt;Series&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;pd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nc"&gt;Timestamp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;],&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;unit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;ms&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;normalize&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;():&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;b&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ow"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;bars&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="n"&gt;series&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;ticker&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class="n"&gt;prices&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;pd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nc"&gt;DataFrame&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;series&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;dropna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;how&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;any&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;That &lt;code&gt;dropna(how="any")&lt;/code&gt; is doing real work. Instruments listed at different times, halted days and differing holiday calendars will otherwise leave you computing a correlation over misaligned dates, which produces a number that looks plausible and means nothing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  The calculations
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Use log returns. They are additive across time, which makes the drawdown curve and the compounding trivially correct.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight python"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="kn"&gt;import&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;numpy&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;as&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;np&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class="n"&gt;rets&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;np&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;log&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;prices&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;/&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;prices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;shift&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;dropna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="n"&gt;corr&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;rets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;corr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;For portfolio-level numbers you need weights. Include cash as an explicit column with zero return:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight python"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;weights&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;pd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nc"&gt;Series&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;({&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;MSFT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mf"&gt;0.260&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;NVDA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mf"&gt;0.198&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;AMZN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mf"&gt;0.101&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;GEV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mf"&gt;0.053&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;CRSP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mf"&gt;0.006&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;POET&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mf"&gt;0.005&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;CASH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mf"&gt;0.372&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="p"&gt;})&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="k"&gt;assert&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;abs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;weights&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;sum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;()&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mf"&gt;1e-9&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class="n"&gt;rets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;CASH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mf"&gt;0.0&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="n"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;rets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;weights&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;index&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;weights&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;sum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;axis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Beta against the benchmark, annualised volatility from weekly data, and maximum drawdown:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight python"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;cov&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;np&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;cov&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;rets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;SPY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="n"&gt;beta&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;cov&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;/&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;cov&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class="n"&gt;vol_annual&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;std&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;()&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;np&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;sqrt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;52&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class="n"&gt;curve&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;np&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;exp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;cumsum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;())&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="n"&gt;drawdown&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;curve&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;/&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;curve&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;cummax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;()&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="n"&gt;max_dd&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;drawdown&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;np.exp(port.cumsum())&lt;/code&gt; rather than &lt;code&gt;(1 + port).cumprod()&lt;/code&gt; — because these are log returns. Mixing the two conventions is the most common silent error in this kind of script.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Five traps that produce confident wrong answers
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cash destroys your beta, and that is the point.&lt;/strong&gt; My portfolio showed a beta of 0.98 — pleasantly market-like. Then I recomputed on invested capital only, excluding the 37% sitting in cash, and got 1.56. Both numbers are true. They answer different questions: one is "how does my account move", the other is "how risky are my actual picks". Publish the wrong one and you are lying to yourself about your stock selection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Deposits silently inflate or deflate your return.&lt;/strong&gt; If you add money mid-period, naive &lt;code&gt;(end - start) / start&lt;/code&gt; attributes your own deposit to performance. You need time-weighted return, which chops the period at every cash flow:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight python"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="k"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;twr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;values&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;flows&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="sh"&gt;"""&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;values: account value at each flow date, flows: cash added (+) or withdrawn (-)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"""&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="n"&gt;factors&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;[]&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="k"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;i&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ow"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;range&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;len&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;values&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)):&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="n"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;values&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;i&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;flows&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;i&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="n"&gt;factors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;append&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;values&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;/&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="k"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;np&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;prod&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;factors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This is why a professional portfolio report quotes TWR: it measures the manager, not the depositor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Daily bars are noise at small portfolio sizes.&lt;/strong&gt; With a handful of positions, daily correlations swing wildly week to week. Weekly bars over a year gave me stable, reproducible numbers. Fewer observations, far more signal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Closed positions vanish.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;get_account_positions&lt;/code&gt; returns what you hold &lt;em&gt;now&lt;/em&gt;. Every stock you sold — including the ones you sold at a loss — is simply absent. Any performance analysis built only on current positions has survivorship bias baked in. You need &lt;code&gt;get_account_trades&lt;/code&gt; to reconstruct history.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Correlation is not diversification.&lt;/strong&gt; I was considering adding a position and assumed a new sector meant new risk exposure. The matrix said otherwise: correlation 0.58 with my largest holding and 0.50 with the portfolio as a whole. Meanwhile a position I had thought of as unrelated came back at −0.18 and was doing the actual diversifying. One command answered what a year of intuition had gotten backwards.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  What this does not solve
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It computes. It does not decide.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The numbers tell you your volatility is 23% against the benchmark's 11%. They do not tell you whether that is appropriate for you. They will happily produce a precise correlation matrix for a portfolio built on a bad thesis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is also a discipline risk worth naming: when analysis becomes this cheap, the temptation is to run it constantly and trade on the noise. The correct cadence for portfolio-level statistics is weekly at most. I check mine on Fridays and otherwise leave it alone.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Worth doing?
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For a static allocation you rebalance twice a year — probably not. A spreadsheet is fine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For an actively managed portfolio where you want correct exposure numbers on demand, without maintaining a data pipeline, it removed the friction that used to make me skip the analysis entirely. That is the real gain: not speed, but the fact that the calculation now actually happens.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I keep a public portfolio with the full methodology and weekly numbers — the scoring system I run every position through is &lt;a href="https://open-position-capital.com/journal/sistema-pyati-osey" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;written up here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>ai</category>
      <category>opensource</category>
      <category>mcp</category>
      <category>python</category>
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