Data Structures: Arrays

Muhammad Abdul Ghani Qureshi — Sun, 11 Aug 2024 11:31:55 +0000

Static Array

Array is a linear data structure where all elements are arranged sequentially. It is a collection of elements of same data type stored at contiguous memory locations.

Initialization

public class Array<T> {
    private T[] self;
    private int size;
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public Array(int size) {
        if (size <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid array size (must be positive): " + size);
        } else {
            this.size = size;
            this.self = (T[]) new Object[size];
        }
    }
}

In Core Array Class, we are going to store size of array and a general skeleton for array initialization. In constructor, we are asking for size of array and making an object and type casting it in our desired array.

Set Method

public void set(T item, int index) {
        if (index >= this.size || index < 0) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index Out of bounds: " + index);
        } else {
            this.self[index] = item;
        }
    }

This method is asking for an item to be stored in array and index on which item should be stored.

Get Method

public T get(int index) {
        if (index >= this.size || index < 0) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index Out of bounds");
        } else {
            return self[index];
        }
    }

Get Method asks for an index and retrives item from that index.

Print Method

public void print() {
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            System.out.println(this.self[i]+" ");
        }
    }

Print Method is just printing all members of an array in a single line with a space seperating each item between them.

Sorted Array

Arrays but having a functionality to sort elements itself.

Initialization

public class SortedArray<T extends Comparable<T>> {
    private T[] array;
    private int size;
    private final int maxSize;
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public SortedArray(int maxSize) {
        if (maxSize <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid array max size (must be positive): " + maxSize);
        }
        this.array = (T[]) new Comparable[maxSize];
        this.size = 0;
        this.maxSize = maxSize;
    }
}

In Sorted Array Class, we are going to store size of array and ask for Max size of array as well and a general skeleton for array initialization. In constructor, we are asking for Max Size of array and making an object and type casting it in our desired array.

Getters

public int length() {
        return this.size;
    }
 public int maxLength() {
        return this.maxSize;
    }
 public T get(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= this.size) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index out of 
 bounds: " + index);
        }
        return this.array[index];
    }

Insertion Method

private int findInsertionPosition(T item) {
        int left = 0;
        int right = size - 1;
        while (left <= right) {
            int mid = (left + right) / 2;
            int cmp = item.compareTo(this.array[mid]);
            if (cmp < 0) {
                right = mid - 1;
            } else {
                left = mid + 1;
            }
        }
        return left;
    }
public void insert(T item) {
        if (this.size >= this.maxSize) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("The array is already full");
        }

        int position = findInsertionPosition(item);

        for (int i = size; i > position; i--) {
            this.array[i] = this.array[i - 1];
        }
        this.array[position] = item;
        size++;
    }

Insert Method inserts the item on its position in sorted form.

Deletion Method

    public void delete(T item) {
        int index = binarySearch(item);
        if (index == -1) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to delete element " + item + ": the entry is not in the array");
        }

        for (int i = index; i < size - 1; i++) {
            this.array[i] = this.array[i + 1];
        }
        this.array[size - 1] = null;
        size--;
    }

Search Methods

private int binarySearch(T target) {
        int left = 0;
        int right = size - 1;
        while (left <= right) {
            int mid = (left + right) / 2;
            int cmp = target.compareTo(this.array[mid]);
            if (cmp == 0) {
                return mid;
            } else if (cmp < 0) {
                right = mid - 1;
            } else {
                left = mid + 1;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }
public Integer find(T target) {
        int index = binarySearch(target);
        return index == -1 ? null : index;
    }

Traverse Method

public void traverse(Callback<T> callback) {
        for (int i = 0; i < this.size; i++) {
            callback.call(this.array[i]);
        }
    }

Callback Interface

public interface Callback<T> {
        void call(T item);
    }

Use of Callback Interface in Traversing

public class UppercaseCallback implements UnsortedArray.Callback<String> {
    @Override
    public void call(String item) {
        System.out.println(item.toUpperCase());
    }
}

Unsorted Array

It is almost same from above
Initialization and getters are same.

Insertion Method

public void insert(T item) {
        if (this.size >= this.maxSize) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("The array is already full");
        } else {
            this.self[this.size] = item;
            this.size++;
        }
    }

Delete Method is also same

Search Method

public Integer find(T target) {
        for (int i = 0; i < this.size; i++) {
            if (this.self[i].equals(target)) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

Dynamic Array

Dynamic Array are like array lists or lists.

Initialization

public class DynamicArray<T> {
    private T[] array;
    private int size;
    private int capacity;

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public DynamicArray(int initialCapacity) {
        if (initialCapacity <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid initial capacity: " + initialCapacity);
        }
        this.capacity = initialCapacity;
        this.array = (T[]) new Object[initialCapacity];
        this.size = 0;
    }
}

Insert Method

private void resize(int newCapacity) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        T[] newArray = (T[]) new Object[newCapacity];
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            newArray[i] = array[i];
        }
        array = newArray;
        capacity = newCapacity;
    }
    public void insert(T item) {
        if (size >= capacity) {
            resize(2 * capacity);
        }
        array[size++] = item;
    }

Delete Method

public void delete(T item) {
        int index = find(item);
        if (index == -1) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Item not found: " + item);
        }

        for (int i = index; i < size - 1; i++) {
            array[i] = array[i + 1];
        }
        array[--size] = null;
        if (capacity > 1 && size <= capacity / 4) {
            resize(capacity / 2);
        }
    }

Everything else is same.
Hope this helps in working with arrays. Good Luck!

DEV Community: Muhammad Abdul Ghani Qureshi

Data Structures: Arrays

Static Array

Initialization

Set Method

Get Method

Print Method

Sorted Array

Initialization

Getters

Insertion Method

Deletion Method

Search Methods

Traverse Method

Callback Interface

Use of Callback Interface in Traversing

Unsorted Array

Insertion Method

Search Method

Dynamic Array

Initialization

Insert Method

Delete Method