DEV Community: Akhona Mazingisa

Domain Object Model (DOM)

Akhona Mazingisa — Mon, 06 May 2024 12:38:18 +0000

What is a Domain Object Model & how does it works:

Domain Object Model (DOM) is a programming interface for web documents, such as HTML. The DOM represents web pages with a structure where each web page is an object representing a part of the document, this allows the programming languages to interact with the page. The DOM represents a document with a logical tree-like structure. Each branch of the tree ends in a node, and each node contains objects.

The structure of DOM:

The DOM tree structure is made up of a root node, which is the document and a series of nodes that represent the elements, attributes, and text content of the document. This means that each node in the tree has a parent node, except for the root node, and can have multiple child nodes.

The DOM properties:

a. Window Object: Window Object is object of the browser which is always at top of the hierarchy. It is like an API that is used to set and access all the properties and methods of the browser. It is automatically created by the browser.

b. Document object: When an HTML document is loaded into a window, it becomes a document object.

c. Form Object: It is represented by form tags.

d. Link Object: It is represented by link tags.

e. Anchor Object: It is represented by a href tags.

f. Form Control Elements: Form can have many control elements such as text fields, buttons, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.

Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)

Akhona Mazingisa — Thu, 18 Apr 2024 16:53:05 +0000

Cascading Style Sheets is a style sheet language used for the presentation and styling of a document that is written in a markup language such as HTML or XML. CSS is where you add color, fonts, and animation, etc. Basically CSS makes websites more appealing to people.

CSS Cascade:
The cascade is the system for solving problems where multiple CSS rules apply to an HTML element. CSS Cascade takes care of the position and order of appearance, the specificity, the origin and the importance.
CSS Selectors:
It is a decoration of elements and other terms that tell the browser which HTML elements should be selected to have the CSS property values inside the rule applied to them.
CSS Specificity:
It is the system used by browsers to determine the CSS declaration that is the most relevant to an element, which determines the property value to apply to the element.

History of the Internet

Akhona Mazingisa — Thu, 04 Apr 2024 19:23:31 +0000

The internet, an important innovation in the field of technology and communication, has transformed the way people interact, share information, and conduct business globally. Since its establishment, the internet has gone through significant changes and developments, shaping our modern-day connected world. This article explores into the history of the internet and explores the functionality of fundamental elements such as DNS, Network Packet, FTP, HTTP, and HTTPS requests that form the backbone of online communication.

History of the Internet
The background of the internet can be traced back to the 1960s, during the time of the Cold War. Since every piece of data had to be delivered in a single packet, none of it would get through if the connection was lost at any point. Researchers overcame this issue by creating a novel technique known as packet switching. Splitting the data into smaller pieces and sending each one separately is possible with packet switching. Through packet switching, computers may communicate with one another across the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, or ARPANET. The first computers connected to the ARPANET in 1969, sending messages from UCLA to SRI in California.

Domain Name System (DNS)
Domain Name System (DNS) makes it easy for the Users to reach websites by entering in well-known domain names rather than difficult-to-understand numerical IP addresses. This technology is needed for managing internet traffic and assuring smooth online connectivity.

Network Packet
Network packets are data units that carry information across computer networks. Every packet or data block that makes up a message is carried with relevant address information that identifies the computer that sent the message and the intended destination.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a common network protocol that allows files to be sent via a computer network between a client and a server. The FTP enables users to upload, download, and manage data with ease via the internet. Efficient online sharing of digital content has been made possible due to large part to this protocol.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and HTTPS
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used to load webpages via hypertext links and serves as the fundamental framework of the World Wide Web. HTTP is an application layer protocol intended to transport data between networked devices. Web browsers and other Internet communications platforms ask for the data they require to load a page using an HTTP request.