DEV Community: Anurag Rana

How to send emails using Python and SMTP server

Anurag Rana — Thu, 16 May 2024 12:32:11 +0000

One way to send emails is by using third-party APIs. Another way is to connect to the SMTP server directly. This is the second approach here.

Import the required libraries.

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import email.utils as utils
import time
import ssl
from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
from urllib.parse import quote, unquote
from datetime import datetime
import html2text

Create the EmailSenderclass.

Create __init__ and connectmethods as below.

class EmailSender:
    def __init__(self):
        self.smtp_server = "IP or DNS of SMTP Server"
        self.smtp_port = PORT HERE. Probabily 587
        self.username = "USERNAME"
        self.password = "PASSWORD"
        self.sender_name = "ANURAG RANA"
        self.sender_address = "admin@anuragrana.in"
        self.domain = "http://anuragrana.in"
        self.smtp_connection = None

   def connect(self):
        if not self.smtp_connection:
            # this line below takes the most time
            self.smtp_connection = smtplib.SMTP(self.smtp_server, self.smtp_port)
            # Create a secure SSL context
            context = ssl.create_default_context()
            # self.smtp_connection.starttls(context=context) # might generate SSL error
            self.smtp_connection.starttls()
            self.smtp_connection.login(self.username, self.password)

Add send method to this class to send the email.

def send_email(self, to_address, subject, body_html):
    msg = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
    msg['message-id'] = utils.make_msgid(domain=self.domain)
    print(msg['message-id'])
    msg["Subject"] = subject
    msg["From"] = f"{self.sender_name} <{self.sender_address}>"
    msg["To"] = to_address
    # Attach the body of the email - text plain
    text_content = html2text.html2text(body_html)
    msg.attach(MIMEText(text_content, "plain"))
    # Attach the body of the email - html
    msg.attach(MIMEText(body_html, "html"))
    # Add the List-Unsubscribe header
    msg.add_header('List-Unsubscribe', unsubscribe_url)
    msg["Date"] = utils.formatdate(localtime=True)
    try:
        response = self.smtp_connection.sendmail(self.sender_address, to_address, msg.as_string())
        print(response)
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)

Important: message-id, List-Unsubscribe, and Date are three headers that are required for better deliverability. Without these headers, your email score will be low. A low email score might lead your email to the spam folder.

MIMEMultipart(“alternative”): This is a subtype of the multipart content type. Using “alternative” indicates that the email message contains multiple representations of the same content, but in different formats. For example, you might have the same email message in both plain text and HTML. The recipient’s email client can then choose which one to display, usually the last part that the client understands. This is useful for ensuring that the recipient can read the email regardless of whether their email client supports plain text or HTML.

Finally, add the close-connection method to the above class.


# close the connection
def close_connection(self):
    if self.smtp_connection:
        self.smtp_connection.quit()
        self.smtp_connection = None

Now in the main code, perform the below steps to send the emails.

Initialize the EmailSender class and call the connect method to create a connection with the SMTP server.

email_sender = EmailSender()
email_sender.connect()

Create an Email Template in an HTML file. Read the content of this file in a variable.

# Read the content of the HTML file
with open("templates/my-first-email-template.html", "r", encoding="utf-8") as file:
    body = file.read()

Create the list of recipients. Let’s call it batch. Iterate over this batch to send emails to everyone individually.

batch = []
# current_batch text file contains email, one email in each line
with open("current_batch.txt", 'r') as file:
    batch = file.readlines()

Now send the emails.


for recipient in batch:
    # sleep for few seconds before each email to avoid flooding the recepient's inbox
    time.sleep(5)
    if not recipient or not recipient.strip():
        continue
    recipient = recipient.strip()
    # check if recipient is in bouncelog
    if recipient in bounced:
        print(f'email in bouncelog. {recipient}')
        continue

    email_sender.send_email(recipient, subject, body)
    print(f'Mail sent to {recipient} - {time.time()}')

We will discuss the bounce log and how to parse the POSTFIX logs for bounced emails in another article.

Connect with me if you want to set up a fully functional new email Postfix SMTP server to send and receive emails.

https://anuragrana.in

Follow me on Medium: https://medium.com/@03A_R/custom-parameter-logging-in-postfix-mta-logs-30c269c681b2

Using Git Credentials Manager (GCM)

Anurag Rana — Mon, 28 Nov 2022 20:12:56 +0000

Origianally published at PythonCircle.Com

Are you tired of typing the Git username and password 512 times a day?

Use Git Credential Manager (GCM). This supports all major version control tools, GitLab, GitHub, Bitbucket, etc.

Here are the steps to set up GCM.

Download the GCM Deb file from here - https://github.com/GitCredentialManager/git-credential-manager/releases/download/v2.0.877/gcm-linux_amd64.2.0.877.deb

Install it using the below command:

sudo dpkg -i <path-to-package>

Configure it.

git-credential-manager configure

Go to your .bashrc file and copy-paste this line at the bottom.

export GCM_CREDENTIAL_STORE=plaintext

Restart the terminal.

Now you have to type the credentials just once and they will be stored on your system.

Note: There are many other ways to store the credentials. Storing credentials in plain text format is unsafe but convenient. This does not require any more packages to work.

You may explore more ways to store the credentials here https://github.com/GitCredentialManager/git-credential-manager/blob/release/docs/install.md

https://github.com/GitCredentialManager/git-credential-manager/blob/main/README.md

https://github.com/GitCredentialManager/git-credential-manager/blob/release/docs/install.md

https://github.com/GitCredentialManager/git-credential-manager/releases/tag/v2.0.877

Hello World in Django 2.2

Anurag Rana — Sat, 15 Feb 2020 15:56:06 +0000

We have already covered how to start with Django 1.9. In this article, we will see how to quickly get a simple page running using Django 2.2.

Steps:

Create a virtual environment using python3.

virtualenv -p /use/bin/python3.5 venv

Activate the virtual environment.

source venv/bin/activate

Now install the Django2.2 inside this virtual environment using pip.

pip install Django==2.2

Once Django has been installed, run the django-admin command to start a project.

Create your project.

$ django-admin startproject helloworld

Go inside the newly created project directory.

$ cd helloworld

You will see a file manage.py and a directory with the same name as of your project.

Create an app here. Every project consists of one or more apps. These are plug-able modules that can be reused in another project if written properly.

$ python manage.py startapp hw

Go inside hw directory. create a new file urls.py.

Add the below lines to this file and save it.

from django.urls import path

from . import views

app_name = "hw"
urlpatterns = [
    path(r'', views.home, name='home'),
]

Open views.py file and save the below code in it. This will create the first view function which will be called when hitting base project URL i.e. localhost:8000/ on the local server.

from django.shortcuts import render


# Create your views here.
def home(request):
    data = dict()
    return render(request, 'hw/home.html', data)

Include the hw app's URLs in the main project URLs file.

Open helloworld/urls.py file and add below line in urlpatterns.

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path(r'', include('hw.urls', namespace="hw")),
]

Now finally add hw in installed apps in helloworld/settings.py file.

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'hw'
]

Now start the Django development server by running the command.

$ python manage.py runserver

This will run the python HTTP server on the localhost and 8000 port. If you want to run it on a different port, use port number in the command. For example $ python manage.py runserver 8888.

Use the below command to make your project available for everyone on the network.

$ python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

Open the web browser and got to URL localhost:8000 and you will be able to see the home page.

Source code:

The source code is available on GitHub.

Host your Django Application for free on PythonAnyWhere. If you want full control of your application and server, you should consider DigitalOcean. Create an account with this link and get $100 credits.

This post includes affiliate links; I may receive compensation if you purchase products or services from the different links provided in this article.

AWS EC2 Vs PythonAnyWhere Vs DigitalOcean for hosting Django application

Anurag Rana — Fri, 07 Feb 2020 08:57:59 +0000

We have hosted Django applications on AWS EC2, PythonAnyWhere and now on DigitalOcean as well. Here is a brief comparison of all.

AWS EC2:

Offers pay-as-you-go compute capacity
This is a large service that provides resizable compute capacity
Free for 12 months (750 hours of CPU usage)
Can use a custom domain in free tier plan (Extra charges may apply)
SSH access available- Browser-based SSH connection available
The developer needs to set up everything from scratch. Intermediate level of expertise required
Root level access available
Can install and use whatever tool/software is required
Highly scalable
The developer needs to manage the webserver
Pricing https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/ - Create a free account - Hosting the Django app on EC2
Easiness to use: 5/10
Control over application and server: 10/10

PythonAnyWhere:

Offers fixed price shared hosting starting with $5 per month
Small Paas (platform as a service) provider which supports only Python web apps
Always free plan available. 100 CPU seconds per day. 512 MB space
Can not use a custom domain. The app will be hosted on username.pythonanywhere.com
SSH access available
Browser-based terminals available
The application setup is extremely easy.
Root level access not available
Apart from web hosting, Only MySQL, Postgres and schedule tasks support is provided
Good for small to medium traffic apps
The developer needs to take care of code
Pricing https://www.pythonanywhere.com/pricing/ - Create a free account - Hosting the Django app on PythonAnyWhere
Easiness to use: 9/10
Control over application and server: 5/10

Digital Ocean:

Offers pay-as-you-go compute capacity capped at the fixed price starting with $5/month.
This is a small service that provides resizable compute capacity
Free $100 credit if the account is created using this link.
Simple and easy interface to manage security and billing.
Relatively easier to use than AWS EC2 and better control over application and system if compared with PythonAnyWhere.
We can use a custom domain.
SSH access available.- No browser-based SSH connection available
The developer needs to set up everything from scratch. Intermediate level of expertise required.
Root level access available
Can install and use whatever tool/software is required
Highly scalable
The developer needs to manage the webserver.
A floating IP address is given free of cost.
Pricing - Create a free account - Hosting the Django app on Digital Ocean (article coming soon)
Easiness to use: 9/10
Control over application and server: 9/10

If you want to add points, please comment below.

So far my favorite is DigitalOcean. If you have a small application to host without requiring anything except MySQL, go for PythonAnyWhere else go for DigitalOcean.

If you need any help in setting up your application on DigitalOcean or PythonAnyWhere, feel free to reach out to us.

Host your Django Application for free on PythonAnyWhere. If you want the full control on your application and server, you should consider DigitalOcean. Create an account with this link and get $100 credits.

This post includes affiliate links; I may receive compensation if you purchase products or services from the different links provided in this article.

PythonAnyWhere Vs AWS EC2 for Django hosting

Anurag Rana — Mon, 20 Jan 2020 19:14:58 +0000

We have hosted Django applications on AWS EC2 as well as on PythonAnyWhere. Here is a brief comparison of both.

AWS EC2:

Offers pay-as-you-go compute capacity
This is a small service that provides resizable compute capacity
Free for 12 months (750 hours of CPU usage)
Can use a custom domain in free tier plan (Extra charges may apply)
SSH access available
Browser-based SSH connection available
The developer needs to set up everything from scratch. Intermediate level of expertise required
Root level access available
Can install and use whatever tool/software is required
Highly scalable
The developer needs to manage the webserver
Pricing https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/
Create a free account
Hosting the Django app on EC2

PythonAnyWhere:

Offers fixed price shared hosting starting with $5 per month
Small Paas (platform as a service) provider which supports only Python web apps
Always free plan available. 100 CPU seconds per day. 512 MB space
Can not use a custom domain. The app will be hosted on username.pythonanywhere.com
SSH access available
Browser-based terminals available
The application setup is extremely easy.
Root level access not available
Apart from web hosting, Only MySQL, Postgres and schedule tasks support is provided
Good for small to medium traffic apps
The developer needs to take care of code
Pricing https://www.pythonanywhere.com/pricing/
Create a free account
Hosting the Django app on PythonAnyWhere

If you want to add points, please comment below.

Originally published on PythonCircle.Com

This post includes affiliate links; I may receive compensation if you purchase products or services from the different links provided in this article.

5 lesser used Django template tags

Anurag Rana — Tue, 08 Oct 2019 16:55:42 +0000

Originally published at pythoncircle.com.

We already know how to use for, if-else, filter and url template tags in Django. We can also create custom template tags in Django if any requirement is not getting fulfilled with existing tags.

Here we are introducing you with 5 Django template tags which are lesser-known and used by beginner Django developers.

1. lorem

This template tag is used to insert random lorem ipsum Latin text in the template. This is useful when you want to show the sample data instead of blank space.

This tag accepts 3 optional parameters: count, method, and random.

The count is the number of words or paragraphs to produce. The method can have values w for words, p for HTML paragraphs and b for plain-text paragraphs. When the third parameter, random, is used, the text is generated randomly instead of using lorem ipsum text.

Refer to this Django template fiddle for example and demo.

2. templatetag

Double curly braces are used to display variables in Django templates. What if you want to display just curly braces in template. For this to achieve we can use templatetag template tag.

3. cycle

This tag accepts the variable number of arguments and outputs the next argument each time this tag is called. Once all arguments have been called, loop restarts from the starting.

We can use variables or string or a mix of both as arguments for this tag.

Refer to this Django template fiddle for example and demo.

4. firstof

This template tag accepts the variable number of arguments and returns the first argument which is not False i.e. which is not zero, empty string or False.

Refer to this Django template fiddle for example and demo.

5. phone2numeric

Converts any phone number to the numeric equivalent even if the phone number is not valid.

It will not convert any integer or boolean values.

Refer to this Django template fiddle for example and demo.

Originally published at pythoncircle.com.

Setting bing image of the day as desktop wallpaper using Python script

Anurag Rana — Fri, 23 Aug 2019 11:33:22 +0000

Originally published at pythoncircle.com

Using this python script, we will try to download the bing image of the day and set it as desktop wallpaper.

There is a URL which bing itself uses to fetch the image details using AJAX. We will send GET request to this URL to fetch image details.

# get image url
response = requests.get("https://www.bing.com/HPImageArchive.aspx?format=js&idx=0&n=1&mkt=en-US")
image_data = json.loads(response.text)

Response returned will be in below format.

{
    "images": [{
        "startdate": "20190823",
        "fullstartdate": "201908230700",
        "enddate": "20190824",
        "url": "/th?id=OHR.FarmlandLandscape_EN-US6661316442_1920x1080.jpg&rf=LaDigue_1920x1080.jpg&pid=hp",
        "urlbase": "/th?id=OHR.FarmlandLandscape_EN-US6661316442",
        "copyright": "Farmland in Washington state's Palouse region (© Art Wolfe/Getty Images)",
        "copyrightlink": "https://www.bing.com/search?q=palouse+region&form=hpcapt&filters=HpDate%3a%2220190823_0700%22",
        "title": "Harvest time in the Palouse",
        "quiz": "/search?q=Bing+homepage+quiz&filters=WQOskey:%22HPQuiz_20190823_FarmlandLandscape%22&FORM=HPQUIZ",
        "wp": true,
        "hsh": "44238c657b35ce3c11fbf3f59881474e",
        "drk": 1,
        "top": 1,
        "bot": 1,
        "hs": []
    }],
    "tooltips": {
        "loading": "Loading...",
        "previous": "Previous image",
        "next": "Next image",
        "walle": "This image is not available to download as wallpaper.",
        "walls": "Download this image. Use of this image is restricted to wallpaper only."
    }
}

Get the image URL from the response JSON and download it.

# download and save image
img_data = requests.get(full_image_url).content
with open(image_name, 'wb') as handler:
    handler.write(img_data)

The image will be saved in the present working directory. Set this image as desktop background using below command.

`which gsettings` set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri file:$PWD/imagename

This command will work for Ubuntu. For other operating systems, please update accordingly.

The script is available on Github.

You can automate the process by scheduling this script to run on system startup.

Originally published at pythoncircle.com

Generating Random text in Django Template

Anurag Rana — Mon, 19 Aug 2019 07:17:56 +0000

Demo: https://www.djangotemplatefiddle.com/f/wV5xSd/

We can generate random text in Django templates. This is used to fill the sample data.

Django provides inbuilt template tag {% lorem %} for this.

To generate one paragraph with lorem ipsum text, use the above tag as it
is.

<!-- Lorem ipsum paramgraph -->
{% lorem %}

Output:

<!-- Lorem ipsum paramgraph -->
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

To generate let's say 2 paragraphs with random text, use tag with parameters.

<!-- random text paragraph -->
{% lorem 2 b %}

Output:

<!-- random text paragraph -->
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Deserunt quisquam dolores minus tempore aperiam itaque minima maxime, atque aperiam libero recusandae quod aliquid sed quo a deserunt, a at rem? Incidunt aut quibusdam est distinctio amet nemo, beatae dolorum fugit corporis recusandae dolorem praesentium vel obcaecati consectetur, voluptas quisquam a neque atque debitis, tenetur eaque nostrum ex?

To generate a few random words, use the tag with below parameters:

<!-- random words of length 10 -->
{% lorem 10 w random %}

Output:

<!-- random words of length 10 -->
autem veritatis quisquam optio quibusdam non qui assumenda dolores alias

You can see (and experiment) the demo here: https://www.djangotemplatefiddle.com/f/wV5xSd/

For loops in Django

Anurag Rana — Wed, 14 Aug 2019 04:42:27 +0000

Originally published at pythoncircle.com

Demo of the code used below: DjangoTemplateFiddle.com

For loop is used to iterate over any iterable object, accessing one item at a time and making it available inside the for loop body.

For example, if you want to create a drop down of countries in Django template, you can use the below code.

{% for country in country_list %}
    <option name="{{country}}">{{country|title}}</option>
{% endfor %}

To iterate over a dictionary of people's name and their age, just like you would do in Python, use below code.

{% for name, age in data.items %}
    Name: {{name}}, Age: {{age}} <br>
{% endfor %}

Checking if iterable used in for loop is empty:

Let's say you want to display new messages to logged-in user. You fetched all the new messages from the database and stored them in a list and passed to render function along with the template.

Now you can either check if the message list is empty or not and then display the message accordingly. Example:

{% if messages %}
    {% for message in messages %}
        {{ message }}<br>
    {% endfor %}
{% else %}
    <div>No new message for you</div>
{% endif %}

Or you can use {% empty %} tag along with {% for %} tag as below.

{% for message in messages %}
    {{ message }}
{% empty %}
    <div>No new message for you</div>
{% endfor %}

Break in Django for loop:

That might be a piece of bad news for you. There is no break statement in Django template For loop.

Depending on your requirement you can do one of the following.

Option 1 - Iterate over the whole list but do not perform any action if the condition is not matched.

For example, you are printing numbers from a list and you need to exit the list as soon as number 99 is encountered. Normally this would be done as below in Python.

for number in numbers:
    if 99 == number:
        break
    print(number)

But there is no break statement in Django template For loop. You can achieve the same functionality (almost) as below.

{% set isBreak = False %}
{% for number in numbers %}
    {% if 99 == number %}
        {% set isBreak = true %}
    {% endif %}

    {% if isBreak %}
        {# this is a comment. Do nothing. #}
    {% else %}
        <div>{{number}}</div>
    {% endif %}
{% endfor %}

Option 2 - You can create your own custom template tag.

You can experiment with Django template or can create your own fiddle and share with others. Django Template Fiddle.

try .. except .. else .. in python with example

Anurag Rana — Thu, 25 Jul 2019 16:07:03 +0000

This post was originally published on PythonCircle.com

You will face at least two types of errors while coding with python. Syntax errors and exceptions.

Syntax errors are also known as parsing errors. Compiler informs us about the parsing errors using an arrow.

rana@brahma:~$ python3
Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 12 2018, 13:43:14) 
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> while True print("Hello")
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    while True print("Hello")
                   ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>>

Even when your code is perfect syntax wise, some lines may report an error when you try to execute them. Errors reported at runtime are known as exceptions.

For an uninterrupted execution, we must handle the exceptions properly. We can do so by using try except block.

In below example, we are trying to add a string and an integer. When the statement is executed it throws an exception.

>>> a = 'rana' + 10
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly
>>>

If we don't handle this exception, the program will exit abruptly. Handle the exception using try except statements.

>>> 
>>> try:
...     a = 'rana' + 10
... except Exception as e:
...     print('Some useful message to debug the code')
... 
Some useful message to debug the code
>>>

When the above piece of code is executed, an exception is thrown but is then caught by except block which in turn print a useful message which helps in debugging the code.

try ... except statement have an optional else clause. Else part is executed when there is no exception thrown in try clause. Else part is executed before finally clause.

Let's say you are trying to open a file in try block (just an example) and it is possible there might occur some error in opening the file, we will handle exception in except block. If there is no exception thrown, the file is opened successfully, we have to close the file descriptor.

>>> try:
...     f = open('filename.txt','r')
... except Exception as e:
...     print('Some exception in opening the file')
... else:
...     f.close()
...

It's better to add code to else clause instead of adding code to try clause. This helps in avoiding catching the exception which was not raised by code being protected in try caluse. For example in addition to opening file in try clause, we were also trying to convert a variable to an integer. Imaging file opened just fine but conversion to int threw an exception which will be reported by except block as an exception in opening file, which will be misleading. See the example code below.

>>> try:
...     f = open('filename.txt','r')
...     a = 'five'
...     b = int(a)
... except Exception as e:
...     print('can not open file')
... else:
...     f.close()
... 
can not open file
>>>

Above could be rewritten as below.

try:
    f = open('filename.txt','r')
    print('file was opened')
except Exception as e:
    print('can not open file')
else:
    print('going to close file')
    f.close()
try:
    a = 'five'
    b = int(a)
except Exception as e:
    print('exception in number conversion')

Output:

file was opened
going to close file
exception in number conversion

This makes sure that actual exception is reported by except clause.

Now the question arises if we should use except or else block to control the execution flow?

In python using exception to control the execution flow is normal. For example, iterators use stopIteration exception to signal the end of items.

You can read more about exceptions by visiting the links in the reference section below.

References:

Image source: quotemaster.org

This post was originally published on PythonCircle.com

More from Author:

Top 5 Python Books

Anurag Rana — Wed, 24 Jul 2019 16:37:12 +0000

This post was originally published on pythoncircle.com.

For students and newbie python programmers asking questions like ‘what is the best book for python?’, here is the list of top 5 python books.

Automate the Boring Stuff with Python: Practical Programming for Total Beginners.

4.7 stars out of 5.

79% programmers rated it 5 star.

Top Reviews:

- Excellent Book for Beginners and More

Provides good foundation on python automation
I prefer this approach over Learning Python the Hard Way
Full of practical examples & worthwhile learning….

Check all the reviews here.

Python Tricks: A Buffet of Awesome Python Features

4.8 stars out of 5.

90% programmers rated it 5 star.

Top Reviews:

- The quality of this book is definitely not a “trick” — good quality Python tips in a nicely packaged format with extras

Great resource for intermediate Python users to round out their knowledge of the language
A quick read to fill in any gaps in your python knowledge
Beginners and Intermediates: excellent Pythonic presentation of good Python programming practice.

Check all reviews here.

Learn Python the Hard Way: A Very Simple Introduction to the Terrifyingly Beautiful World of Computers and Code

This book will encourage you to code and see what happens. You will need to search things over the Internet. No spoon feeding.

3.8 stars out of 5.

51% programmers rated it 5 star.

Top Reviews:

Expect to google most of the material on your own to understand them
I love and hate this book
Decent book that REQUIRES supplemental internet searches

Check all reviews here.

Learning Python by Mark Lutz

https://amzn.to/2LFI8rS

4 stars out of 5.

50% programmers rated it 5 star.

Top Reviews:

Very dense. Too much apology for being dense. Very detailed, yet inefficient.
The Python Bible — not for beginners
I found this book to have extremely clear explanations of this language. It’s conceptually well structured, probably because the author has extensive experience teaching this topic.

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Python Programming: An Introduction to Computer Science

https://amzn.to/2Vcg2Zp

4.4 stars out of 5.

69% programmers rated it 5 star.

Top reviews:

Wonderful resource for the burgeoning programmer
Excellent Introductory College Textbook
Love this book because it teaches you the basics, tests your knowledge at the end of the chapter, and then gives you problems that are quite difficult.

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Scraping data of 2019 Indian General Election using Python Request and BeautifulSoup and analyzing…

Anurag Rana — Wed, 24 Jul 2019 16:35:21 +0000

Do you know that:

Shankar Lalwani from Indore constituency got 1068569 votes which are highest votes any candidate got in this election season.

C. R. Patil from Navsari constituency won by highest margin i.e. 689668 votes.

Bholanath (B.P. Saroj) from Machhlishahr won by just 181 votes which is the lowest margin among all constituencies.

Total votes cast: 613133300

NOTA votes cast: 6514558

You can fetch much more information like above if you know how to fetch data and analyze it.

Refer below article to know how to Scrape 2019 Indian General election data and analyze it.

Scraping data of 2019 Indian General Election using Python Request and BeautifulSoup and analyzing it