DEV Community: Bhavani K

Functional & Nonfunctional testing

Bhavani K — Mon, 12 Aug 2024 13:53:18 +0000

Functional testing
Testing the features and functionality of the software (input, output, and user interface), aim of the testing is that the software meets all the requirements specified in the requirements document.
Functional testing checks the application's processes against a set of requirements or specifications.

Example
 Testing the shopping website, testing would involve whether the website can perform task such as adding items to the card, apply discount & processing payment correctly, also check the website is user friendly & link button and menu all are work as intended
1- Its test the functionality of the software
2-It’s based on customer requirement
3-Ex- Login page must show text boxes to enter the user name and password
 The app wants to show users nearby food restaurant based on their GPS data. Verifying this function requires a module test, as it requires multiple units to work together to get the expected result.

Types of functional testing

Unit testing (which can also be used for non-functional testing)
Integration testing
User acceptance testing
Closed-box testing

Advantages of Functional Testing

It makes the program complies with the functional specifications listed in the design or requirements documentation
Reduces the cost and difficulty of repairing software faults
Problems later on by finding them early in the development cycle.
It assures users that the software will work as intended and meet their expectations.
Ensuring that the user interface, input/output, and error handling correctly contributes to enhancing the user experience.
Ensures that the software is of a high standard and satisfies the requirements of both the users and the business.

Nonfunctional testing
When the software works as per the user expectations, smoothly & efficiently under any condition. Non-functional testing assesses application properties that aren't critical to functionality but contribute to the end-user experience, like performance and reliability under load.

Example:
 An application is developed and it’s complete it’s functional testing, but nonfunctional test not tested on the same. When the application goes live, if its load increase, it becomes too slot and take lot of time to open.
1- Its test the performance of the functionality of software
2-It’s based on customer expectation
3-Ex- us enter in to the login page it getting loaded in 5 seconds.
 An ecommerce app must be optimized to handle heavy user traffic for the upcoming sale days. Load tests, recovery tests, and volume tests must be run to ensure that it does not buckle and bend under a wildly increased inflow of users.

Types of non-functional tests

Performance testing
Load testing
Usability testing
Security testing

Advantages of Non-Functional Testing

Ensuring the program satisfies the non-functional requirements, including performance, security, usability, reliability, and compatibility.
Detects performance stumbling blocks, security holes, usability problems, and other non-functional flaws before they affect end users.
Ensuring the software is responsive, scalable, and user-friendly enhances the user experience.
Ensures that the program complies with rules and standards set by the industry.
Increases trust in the software's performance in real-world circumstances and under different loads and conditions.

Testing Technique:

Bhavani K — Mon, 12 Aug 2024 13:44:16 +0000

Boundary Value Analysis is a popular technique for black box testing. It is used to identify defects and errors in software by testing input values on the boundaries of the allowable ranges. Find the errors at the input domain boundary, identify the issues in the beginning can helps to prevent those causing problems later in the software development program. Boundary Value Analysis improves the accuracy in testing the system limit. It helps us to enhancing customer satisfaction by delivering high-quality software.
Improved accuracy is one of the best benefits of boundary value analysis and also catching issues at the earlier stages, Boundary value analysis improves the software quality

Example:
Consider a developer write code for an amount text field, which will accept and transfer value only from 100 to 5000. Here we check it by entering 99 in to the amount field and click on the transfer button. It will show an error message as 99 is an invalid amount, because the boundary values are already set as 100 to 5000, 99 is less than 100 so the text field will not transfer the amount.

Advantages:

Efficiency
Thoroughness
Coverage
Simplicity
Early Detection of Defects

Disadvantages:

Incomplete Coverage
Limited Applicability
Dependency on Specifications
Difficulty in Identifying Boundaries
Overemphasis on Boundaries

Decision table testing
Decision table testing is one of the software testing method, it’s used to test the system behavior for different input combination
For ex take login screen, here we have to put user id and password for login process. If we enter correct user id password the user will be redirected to the home page, if anyone of the input (user id r password) is wrong an error message will be displayed.

*Advantages *

When the system behavior is different for different inputs and not the same for a range of inputs, but a decision table can be used.
The representation is simple so that it can be easily interpreted and is used for development and business as well.
This table will help to make effective combinations and can ensure better coverage for testing
Any complex business conditions can be easily turned into decision tables

*Disadvantages *

The main disadvantage is that when the number of inputs increases the table will become more complex

Use case testing
Use case testing are the specific way of designing interaction with software items. Its helps to identify Test cases that cover full system on step by step basis from start to end. Test cases are the interaction between the user and software components. Use cases are made on basis of the user actions and the response of the software application to those users action. A collection of variables that will be used to determine whether an application, software system, or one of its features is working as intended.

Example:
Here we consider user as an actor ‘A’ and system by ‘S’ here we have to login on website, its need user id and password word.
Success scenario:
Actor ‘A’
System ‘S’
Step 1- user name & password
Step 2- validate password
Step 3- access given
If password not valid
Step 2a- Display message and ask for re try 4 times
Step 2b — close application

LCSAJ testing
This testing involves testing the linear code sequences and ensuring that all possible jumps or decisions are completed during testing. The objective is to cover each possible path through the code, including both true and false outcomes of conditional statements.
It’s worth noting that while LCSAJ testing is effective for achieving code coverage, it doesn’t guarantee that all functional requirements or edge cases have been tested. Therefore, it is often used in combination with other testing techniques, such as boundary value analysis, equivalence partitioning, and use case testing, to ensure both code coverage and functional correctness.

Software testing

Bhavani K — Mon, 12 Aug 2024 13:37:30 +0000

Software testing:
Checking the performance and quality of the software, Aim of software testing was providing error free software to the customer and fulfill all the requirements given by the customer. Software testing is not only finding the mistakes in the software at the same time improving the efficiency of the software.
Software testing is the process of evaluating and verifying that a software product or application does what it’s supposed to do. The benefits of good testing include preventing bugs and improving performance.
Software errors can make time loss, financial loss and human loss too so testing the software was very important. When we think about quality, Organizations have to focus on testing applications and fix the bugs that testing reveals before releasing the product. When the team resolves issues before the product reaches the customer, the quality of the deliverable increases.
Software testers use a combination of manual testing with automated tools. After conducting tests, the testers report the results to the development team. The end goal is to deliver a quality product to the customer, which is why software testing is so important.

Types of Software Testing:
Two different approaches for software testing: manual testing & automation testing. Each approach carries its own set of advantages and disadvantages
**Manual Testing: **Testing software manually by humans without any automation tool or script.They play the end-user role and try to find as many bugs in the application as quickly as possible.

Automation Testing: Testing software using tools or scripts that automatically interact with the software. The human tester only needs to execute the script and let it do the rest of the testing.

Automated testing Vs Manual testing

Speed and efficiency:
Automated testing is typically faster than manual testing.
Increases productivity and reduces testing time for most apps/websites.
Cost considerations:
Higher initial setup costs due to purchasing automation tools, training, and preparing tutorials.
Offers long-term cost savings despite the initial investment.
Regular script maintenance can be costly, especially for frequently changing apps/websites.
Suitability for different tasks:
Ideal for repetitive tasks, reducing manual inefficiency and human error.
Not suitable for all testing types - user interface, documentation, installation, compatibility, and recovery tests may be better conducted manually.
Even with automation, some manual testing is usually necessary.
Testing approaches
White Box testing
Focuses on the internal structure and logic of the code
Black Box testing
Evaluates the software's functionality without looking at the internal code structure
Grey Box testing
Combines white and black box testing elements, offering a more comprehensive approach
Software Testing Process:

 Planning
 Preparation
 Execution
 Reporting
Relevant of software testing:
 Errors can be found initially
 It’s save time
 Saves money
 Improves the quality of software
 Fulfill customer needs & provide customer satisfaction
 It helps to maintain reputation of the company
 Improve Security
 Detect Compatibility with Different Devices and Platforms

PYTHON SELENIUM ARCHITECTURE

Bhavani K — Wed, 29 May 2024 08:48:52 +0000

Selenium is the open-source framework, helps to automating web browsers. Python Selenium architecture consists of several components that work together to enable the automation of web browser interactions. It is designed to be modular and flexible, allowing users to choose the components suit their needs. It uses combination of python and selenium
in a effective way that provides greater facility to automate web browser interactions.

Selenium WebDriver API
Selenium Client Libraries/Python script
Browser Drivers
JSON Wire Protocol
Web Browsers

1. Selenium WebDriver API:
Web driver is a collection of API's (Application Programming Interface) works as an interface between various software components.Selenium Webdriver API helps in communication between languages and browsers, it helps to control actions in browser. Selenium supports many programming
languages such as Java, C#, Python..., and also it supports multiple browsers such as Google Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer ...,

2. Selenium Client Libraries/Python script:
Selenium supports multiple languages including python such as Java, Ruby..., Selenium have language bindings to allow Selenium to support multiple languages.The Selenium client library for Python provides bindings to interact with the WebDriver.
Python script:
python is used as scripting language which interacts and uses selenium webdriver. These scripts define the sequence of actions to be performed on the web browser, such as opening a webpage, clicking elements, filling forms and extracting data.Python serves as the programming language for creating and executing the automation scripts.

3. Browser Drivers:
web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Edge) requires a specific driver to establish a connection with the Selenium WebDriver. These drivers establish connection between webdriver and respective browser For example, ChromeDriver is used with the Chrome browser, and GeckoDriver is used with Firefox.

4. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) Wire Protocol:
The communication between the Selenium WebDriver and the browser driver is facilitated by the JSON Wire Protocol.It is a RESTful web service protocol,allowing for cross-browser compatibility.The communication between the client and server occurs through the HTTP protocol, a standardized protocol widely used for data transmission on
web browsers.

5. Web Browsers:
Selenium supports various browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari, and others.They act as intermediaries between the Selenium WebDriver and the respective browsers.The browser receives commands from the WebDriver,
executes them, and sends back the results to the WebDriver.

PYTHON VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT

Python virtual environment is a tool helps to manage software dependencies.It keeps each project separate and safe from messing with others. It holds its own Python setup, including the Python language itself and any extra tools you need, like libraries or packages.It helps us to keep our projects organized and free from conflicts with each other.

Example:
when we working on two web-based Python projects Project X and Project Y, and they both require different versions of a particular library, “Newlibrary” . In such situations, we need to create a virtual environment, without this we might run into conflicts,create a virtual environment can be really useful to maintain the dependencies of both projects.

About SELENIUM

Bhavani K — Tue, 28 May 2024 18:31:11 +0000

Selenium is the framework, helps to test the web application in various browsers like fire fox, chrome,opera.
It's an open source automated testing tool.
Its also supports the all the operating systems like windows,Linux, internet explorer,MS edge.
In selenium test can be coded in many languages like Java, python,perl,PHP and Ruby.
It's easy to use, primarily developed in Java script.

*Advantages *

Time efficiency, when it's comes to manual, each and every test cases we need to check manually, and we need to submit it, it consumes more time and manpower too.
Open source availability - biblically can available, multiple browser support.
Easy for implementation, reuse ability and integration
Flexibility, more efficient with selenium features
Reduce the duplicates, minimize the complications
Easy to learn and use
Parallel test execution, multiple files execution

Selenium for automation

Selenium (IDE)
Selenium (RC)
Selenium WebDriver
Selenium Grid

Selenium (IDE)

Selenium Integrated Development Environment .
Simplest framework, not required any code.
it is an easy-to-use interface that records the user interactions to build automated test scripts.
It was mainly developed to speed up the creation of automation scripts.

Selenium (RC)

Selenium Remote Control.
It is supports only the language selenium remote control.
This is the 1st automated web testing tool, where we can write the code using programming language.
Here will just write the code using selenium, here only we can able to write the code only, it will not support anything apart from that other functionality like API and SQL.

Selenium WebDriver

It will be better than other components like Selenium (IDE),Selenium (RC)and Selenium Grid.
It will support all the web driver actions and automation tool.
Here we are the client & server, is the one where we are accessing the data.
Its the 1st cross platform testing framework.
It served as a programming interface to create and run test cases.

*Selenium Grid *

It was developed to minimize the execution time of selenium automation testing.
It allows parallel execution with different browsers & different operating systems.
It Provide an easy way to run tests on multiple machines