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    <title>DEV Community: Carnell Smith</title>
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      <title>GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH: A Novel Security Finding Category for AI Container Workloads</title>
      <dc:creator>Carnell Smith</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2026 14:01:25 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/ces1231/gpuworkloadmismatch-a-novel-security-finding-category-for-ai-container-workloads-24d5</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/ces1231/gpuworkloadmismatch-a-novel-security-finding-category-for-ai-container-workloads-24d5</guid>
      <description>&lt;h1&gt;
  
  
  Defensive Publication: GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH
&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  A Novel Security Finding Category for AI Container Workloads
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Author:&lt;/strong&gt; Carnell Smith, Champtron Systems LLC&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Date:&lt;/strong&gt; June 9, 2026&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Affiliation:&lt;/strong&gt; NVIDIA Inception Member  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Defensive publication notice:&lt;/strong&gt; This document is published to establish prior art for the methods described herein and to help prevent third parties from obtaining patent protection over these techniques.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;


&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Abstract
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This disclosure describes a method for detecting a previously unnamed class of security misconfiguration in containerized AI and GPU workload environments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The method identifies the condition where a host system has GPU workload intent configured at the container runtime level, but no physical NVIDIA GPU, driver stack, or CUDA runtime is present on the host.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This condition is designated:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;The condition creates operational security risk, compliance gaps, and unverifiable execution claims that existing container security tools may not detect.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This publication describes:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The detection method&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The cross-check logic&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The severity classification&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The broader finding taxonomy within which this category exists&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Related AI model, post-quantum cryptography, and remediation scoring methods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  1. Background and Problem Statement
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The proliferation of GPU-accelerated AI workloads in enterprise and government environments has created a new class of container security misconfiguration that existing security tools were not designed to detect.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Major commercial container security platforms commonly perform:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;CVE scanning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dockerfile analysis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kubernetes manifest auditing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Runtime behavior monitoring&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Secrets detection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Image vulnerability assessment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;However, many of these tools operate without full awareness of the GPU and CUDA software stack.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A specific vulnerability class arises when a Docker host or container environment declares GPU workload intent, while the underlying host is physically and functionally incapable of GPU execution.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  1.1 GPU Workload Intent Conditions
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A host or container may indicate GPU workload intent through one or more of the following conditions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Host-level GPU intent
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A Docker host has the NVIDIA Container Runtime registered in its daemon configuration, either through:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;/etc/docker/daemon.json
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;or as reported by:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;docker info
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This indicates intent to support GPU workloads.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Container-level GPU intent
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One or more running containers declare GPU workload intent through any of the following indicators:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;code&gt;CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES&lt;/code&gt; environment variable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;code&gt;NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES&lt;/code&gt; environment variable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;NVIDIA runtime assignment:
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;HostConfig.Runtime = "nvidia"
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Direct NVIDIA device mounts:
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;/dev/nvidia*
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;inside:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;HostConfig.Devices
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;






&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  1.2 Missing GPU Capability Conditions
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The risk condition exists when GPU workload intent is present and all of the following are also true:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No physical NVIDIA GPU is detectable on the host through:
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;lspci
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;or:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;nvidia-smi
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;No NVIDIA driver is installed or functional.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;No CUDA runtime is present, including the absence of:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;nvcc&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;libcudart.so&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Valid &lt;code&gt;CUDA_PATH&lt;/code&gt; environment variable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  1.3 Security Risks
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When this condition exists, the host presents a GPU-capable configuration surface to container workloads and orchestration systems while being incapable of GPU execution.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This creates several security and operational risks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Unverifiable execution claims
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Workloads that claim GPU-accelerated execution cannot be verified. Audit logs, compliance reports, and attestation records may contain false or unsupported claims about the execution environment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Scheduling and routing trust violations
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In federated or multi-node environments, a misconfigured host may accept GPU workloads it cannot execute. This can produce silent failures or unexpected CPU fallback behavior that is not surfaced to security or compliance teams.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Compliance gaps
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Regulated environments such as DoD, healthcare AI, and financial services may require attestable GPU execution for AI model inference. When this condition is undetected, the organization cannot validate its compliance posture.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Configuration drift indicators
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The condition may indicate:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unauthorized modification of Docker daemon configuration&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Partial uninstallation of GPU drivers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hardware removal without configuration cleanup&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Misaligned orchestration policy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drift between declared runtime capability and actual host capability&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Each of these is a security-relevant event.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  2. Detection Method
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The detection method executes independent checks against the host system and running containers, then evaluates the combined results through conservative cross-check logic.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  2.1 Host-Level Checks
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The minimum host-level checks are described below.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  &lt;code&gt;check_gpu_present()&lt;/code&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Executes hardware enumeration checks such as:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;lspci
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;and/or:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;nvidia-smi &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-L&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;The check identifies whether physical NVIDIA GPU devices are present.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Expected return values include:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Boolean pass/fail result&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Detected device name, where available&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Detected device count, where available&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  &lt;code&gt;check_nvidia_driver()&lt;/code&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Executes:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;nvidia-smi &lt;span class="nt"&gt;--query-gpu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;name,driver_version
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This verifies whether the NVIDIA driver is installed and functional.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Expected return values include:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pass/fail result&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Driver version string, where available&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  &lt;code&gt;check_cuda_runtime()&lt;/code&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Checks for CUDA runtime availability by validating:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;code&gt;nvcc&lt;/code&gt; binary availability&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Presence of &lt;code&gt;libcudart.so&lt;/code&gt; in standard library paths&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Validity of the &lt;code&gt;CUDA_PATH&lt;/code&gt; environment variable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Expected return value:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pass/fail result&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  2.2 Container-Level Checks
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The following checks detect GPU workload intent at the Docker runtime and container level.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  &lt;code&gt;check_docker_gpu_runtime()&lt;/code&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Queries Docker runtime configuration using:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;docker info &lt;span class="nt"&gt;--format&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s1"&gt;'{{json .Runtimes}}'&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;and inspects:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;/etc/docker/daemon.json
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;The check looks for the presence of the &lt;code&gt;nvidia&lt;/code&gt; runtime key.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Expected return value:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pass/fail result&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  &lt;code&gt;check_gpu_enabled_containers()&lt;/code&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Iterates through running containers using:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;docker ps &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-q&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Then inspects each container using:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;docker inspect
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;The check detects the following GPU workload indicators:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;HostConfig.Runtime == "nvidia"&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;code&gt;HostConfig.Devices&lt;/code&gt; containing paths matching &lt;code&gt;/dev/nvidia*&lt;/code&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;code&gt;Config.Env&lt;/code&gt; containing:

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other CUDA-related environment variables&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Expected return value:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A list of containers with GPU workload indicators&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  2.3 Cross-Check Logic
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The &lt;code&gt;GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH&lt;/code&gt; finding is derived through a cross-check function that evaluates the combined results of the individual checks.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;IF (check_gpu_present() == FAIL)
   AND (check_nvidia_driver() == FAIL)
   AND (check_cuda_runtime() == FAIL)
   AND (
     check_docker_gpu_runtime() == PASS
     OR (check_gpu_enabled_containers() returns a non-empty container list)
   )
THEN raise GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH finding
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This logic is intentionally conservative.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;All three hardware, driver, and runtime checks must fail, confirming true absence of GPU capability.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At least one workload-intent indicator must also be present, confirming true intent to use GPU capability.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This conjunction prevents false positives on systems that are simply non-GPU hosts with no GPU configuration.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  2.4 Finding Structure
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When the cross-check condition is satisfied, a structured finding is produced.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="table-wrapper-paragraph"&gt;&lt;table&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Attribute&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Value&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Category&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Finding category number&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;13&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Severity&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;HIGH&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Title&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;GPU workload declared but no physical NVIDIA GPU detected&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Description&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;Docker or container settings indicate GPU workload intent, but no NVIDIA GPU, driver, or CUDA runtime was detected on the host.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Recommendation&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;Verify host hardware, NVIDIA driver installation, NVIDIA Container Toolkit configuration, and whether the container should be scheduled on a GPU-capable node.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Check IDs&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;References the five individual checks that contributed to the finding&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  2.5 Status Label Differentiation
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A secondary method concerns the differentiation of container check status labels based on the cross-check result.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When the &lt;code&gt;GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH&lt;/code&gt; condition is present, check statuses are adjusted to avoid misleading pass/fail output.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Docker GPU runtime status
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The Docker GPU runtime check would normally display as:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;[PASS]
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;because the runtime is registered.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;However, when no physical GPU capability exists, it is relabeled as:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;[WARN]
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This indicates that the configuration is present but cannot be validated against physical hardware.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Container GPU workload indicator status
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The container GPU workload indicator check would normally display as:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;[PASS]
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;because GPU workload indicators were found.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;However, when no physical GPU is present, it is relabeled as:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;[WARN]
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;with detail text similar to:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;GPU workload indicators found in N container(s), but no physical NVIDIA GPU is available on this host.
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This differentiation gives operators a more accurate representation of the security state.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A simple pass/fail binary does not capture the risk of a partial GPU configuration.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  3. Finding Category Taxonomy
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This disclosure also describes a 13-category finding taxonomy for GPU, AI, and post-quantum cryptography security findings in containerized environments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="table-wrapper-paragraph"&gt;&lt;table&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th&gt;#&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Category&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Description&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;GPU_SECURITY&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;General GPU hardware and configuration security&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;CUDA_HARDENING&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;CUDA container runtime hardening&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;DRIVER_COMPLIANCE&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;NVIDIA driver compliance and currency&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;CONTAINER_RUNTIME&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Container runtime security configuration&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;POLICY_VIOLATION&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Security policy violations&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;SECRETS_EXPOSURE&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Secrets and credentials exposure&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;LICENSE_RISK&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Software license compliance risk&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;STIG_FINDING&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;DISA STIG control findings&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;CIS_FINDING&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;CIS Benchmark findings&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;NIST_FINDING&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;NIST SP 800-190 and related findings&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;AI_GOVERNANCE&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;AI model security and governance findings&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;SUPPLY_CHAIN&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Software supply chain security&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;GPU workload intent declared without GPU capability&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Each finding produced by any audit module is assigned exactly one category from this taxonomy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This enables:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cross-module correlation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aggregation by category in dashboards&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Structured reporting for compliance frameworks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Better prioritization of GPU, AI, PQC, and container security issues&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  4. AI Model Security Scanning Method
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This disclosure additionally describes a method for scanning running container filesystems for embedded AI model files and evaluating their security posture.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  4.1 Model Format Detection
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The method scans container filesystems using commands such as:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;docker &lt;span class="nb"&gt;exec&lt;/span&gt; &amp;lt;container_id&amp;gt; find / &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-type&lt;/span&gt; f
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;It searches for files with extensions associated with AI model formats.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="table-wrapper-paragraph"&gt;&lt;table&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Extension&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Model Format&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.onnx&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ONNX&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.pt&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;PyTorch&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.pth&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;PyTorch&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.safetensors&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SafeTensors&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.gguf&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;GGUF / llama.cpp&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.pkl&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Pickle&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.pickle&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Pickle&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.pb&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;TensorFlow&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.h5&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Keras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.keras&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Keras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  4.2 Unsafe Format Detection
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pickle-format model files are identified through the following extensions:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;.pkl&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;.pickle&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These formats are security-sensitive because deserialization may allow arbitrary code execution.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When detected, this finding is assigned:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="table-wrapper-paragraph"&gt;&lt;table&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Attribute&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Value&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Category&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;AI_GOVERNANCE&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Severity&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;HIGH&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Risk&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Unsafe AI model deserialization path&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  4.3 Integrity Verification
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The method checks for SHA256 hash sidecar files alongside model files.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Expected sidecar pattern:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;model_file&amp;gt;.sha256
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Models above a minimum size threshold, such as:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;50 MB
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;are flagged when no corresponding hash record is present.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This indicates missing model integrity verification.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  4.4 CUDA Compute Mismatch
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When a container image name or environment variables indicate CUDA or NVIDIA requirements, but host-level GPU checks confirm that no physical GPU is present, a &lt;code&gt;CUDA_HARDENING&lt;/code&gt; finding is raised.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This finding indicates that the container's compute requirements cannot be met by the host.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  4.5 LLM Endpoint Exposure
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The method detects containers serving large language model inference by matching image name patterns associated with known LLM serving frameworks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Examples include:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;ollama&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;vllm&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;triton&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;tgi&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The method checks for containers that expose inference ports on:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;0.0.0.0
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;and lack authentication-related configuration in environment variables.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This identifies LLM inference endpoints that may be exposed without adequate access control.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  5. Post-Quantum Cryptography Container Scanning Method
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This disclosure describes a method for detecting quantum-vulnerable cryptographic algorithm configurations in running container environments and mapping findings to NSA CNSA 2.0 compliance controls.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  5.1 Detection Method
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The method scans container environment variables and image labels for string patterns associated with quantum-vulnerable algorithms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Patterns include references to:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;RSA key specifications&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ECDSA references&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ECDH references&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diffie-Hellman parameters&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;SHA-1&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;MD5&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;AES-128 cipher specifications&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;TLS 1.2 configuration strings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  5.2 Compliance Mapping
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Each detected pattern is mapped to a CNSA 2.0 control identifier.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="table-wrapper-paragraph"&gt;&lt;table&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Control Area&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Control ID&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Key encapsulation&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;KE-1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Symmetric cipher requirements&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;SC-1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Hash algorithm requirements&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;HA-1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Transport protocol requirements&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;TP-1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  5.3 PQC Algorithm Detection
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The method scans for references to CNSA 2.0-aligned or post-quantum cryptography algorithms, including:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ML-KEM&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;FIPS 203&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ML-DSA&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;FIPS 204&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;SLH-DSA&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;FIPS 205&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;AES-256&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;SHA-384&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;SHA-512&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  5.4 Migration Label Checking
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The method verifies the presence of Docker image labels documenting a PQC migration target date.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Example labels include:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;pqc.migration_target
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;and:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;cnsa2.migration_date
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;






&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  6. Autonomous Remediation Confidence Scoring Method
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This disclosure describes a method for scoring container security findings on a 0–100 confidence scale to determine the appropriate remediation disposition.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  6.1 Confidence Levels
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;div class="table-wrapper-paragraph"&gt;&lt;table&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Confidence Level&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Score Range&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Remediation Disposition&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;High&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;85–100&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Auto-apply deterministic fix patterns&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Medium&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;50–84&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Queue for one-click operator approval&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Low&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;0–49&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Require full manual review&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  6.2 High-Confidence Remediation
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;High-confidence findings are those with known-safe, deterministic fix patterns.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="nt"&gt;--security-opt&lt;/span&gt; no-new-privileges:true
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;These remediations may be auto-applied with a cryptographically signed evidence record.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The evidence record includes an HMAC-SHA256 signature over the before-and-after state.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  6.3 Medium-Confidence Remediation
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Medium-confidence findings have category-appropriate fix patterns but require operator context verification.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These are queued for one-click approval rather than automatically applied.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  6.4 Low-Confidence Remediation
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Low-confidence findings require manual review because they may involve structural or high-impact changes, such as:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Removing privileged mode&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changing root user behavior&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Modifying volume mounts&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adjusting runtime permissions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changing network exposure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  6.5 Always-Manual Blocklist
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A blocklist of finding titles is maintained under:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;_ALWAYS_MANUAL
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This ensures that specific high-risk finding types never receive automatic remediation, regardless of confidence score.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  7. Prior Art Statement
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To the best of the author's knowledge, as of the date of this publication, no prior art exists for the following:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The specific &lt;code&gt;GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH&lt;/code&gt; cross-check detection method described in Section 2.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The 13-category finding taxonomy for GPU, AI, and PQC container security described in Section 3.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The AI model Pickle format and integrity detection method in containerized environments described in Section 4.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The CNSA 2.0 container scanning and mapping method described in Section 5.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The confidence-scored autonomous remediation method with signed evidence described in Section 6.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This publication is intended to establish prior art for the above methods and to prevent any third party from obtaining patent protection covering these techniques.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  8. Implementation
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A working implementation of the methods described in this disclosure is available as &lt;strong&gt;CHAMP ContainerGuard Enterprise&lt;/strong&gt;, developed by Champtron Systems LLC.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The implementation is maintained under version control with timestamped commit history establishing the dates of conception and reduction to practice for each method described herein.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Copyright and Notice
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;© 2026 Champtron Systems LLC. All rights reserved.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;NVIDIA Inception Member.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This document is published as a defensive publication to establish prior art. All methods described herein are the intellectual property of Champtron Systems LLC.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>cybersecurity</category>
      <category>docker</category>
      <category>ai</category>
      <category>gpu</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH: A Novel Security Finding Category for AI Container Workloads</title>
      <dc:creator>Carnell Smith</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2026 13:16:52 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/ces1231/gpuworkloadmismatch-a-novel-security-finding-category-for-ai-container-workloads-b3c</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/ces1231/gpuworkloadmismatch-a-novel-security-finding-category-for-ai-container-workloads-b3c</guid>
      <description>&lt;h1&gt;
  
  
  Defensive Publication: GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH
&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  A Novel Security Finding Category for AI Container Workloads
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Author:&lt;/strong&gt; Carnell Smith, Champtron Systems LLC&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Date:&lt;/strong&gt; June 9, 2026&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Affiliation:&lt;/strong&gt; NVIDIA Inception Member  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Defensive publication notice:&lt;/strong&gt; This document is published to establish prior art for the methods described herein and to help prevent third parties from obtaining patent protection over these techniques.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;


&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Abstract
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This disclosure describes a method for detecting a previously unnamed class of security misconfiguration in containerized AI and GPU workload environments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The method identifies the condition where a host system has GPU workload intent configured at the container runtime level, but no physical NVIDIA GPU, driver stack, or CUDA runtime is present on the host.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This condition is designated:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;The condition creates operational security risk, compliance gaps, and unverifiable execution claims that existing container security tools may not detect.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This publication describes:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The detection method&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The cross-check logic&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The severity classification&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The broader finding taxonomy within which this category exists&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Related AI model, post-quantum cryptography, and remediation scoring methods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  1. Background and Problem Statement
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The proliferation of GPU-accelerated AI workloads in enterprise and government environments has created a new class of container security misconfiguration that existing security tools were not designed to detect.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Major commercial container security platforms commonly perform:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;CVE scanning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dockerfile analysis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kubernetes manifest auditing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Runtime behavior monitoring&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Secrets detection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Image vulnerability assessment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;However, many of these tools operate without full awareness of the GPU and CUDA software stack.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A specific vulnerability class arises when a Docker host or container environment declares GPU workload intent, while the underlying host is physically and functionally incapable of GPU execution.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  1.1 GPU Workload Intent Conditions
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A host or container may indicate GPU workload intent through one or more of the following conditions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Host-level GPU intent
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A Docker host has the NVIDIA Container Runtime registered in its daemon configuration, either through:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;/etc/docker/daemon.json
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;or as reported by:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;docker info
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This indicates intent to support GPU workloads.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Container-level GPU intent
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One or more running containers declare GPU workload intent through any of the following indicators:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;code&gt;CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES&lt;/code&gt; environment variable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;code&gt;NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES&lt;/code&gt; environment variable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;NVIDIA runtime assignment:
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;HostConfig.Runtime = "nvidia"
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Direct NVIDIA device mounts:
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;/dev/nvidia*
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;inside:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;HostConfig.Devices
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;






&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  1.2 Missing GPU Capability Conditions
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The risk condition exists when GPU workload intent is present and all of the following are also true:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No physical NVIDIA GPU is detectable on the host through:
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;lspci
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;or:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;nvidia-smi
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;No NVIDIA driver is installed or functional.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;No CUDA runtime is present, including the absence of:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;nvcc&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;libcudart.so&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Valid &lt;code&gt;CUDA_PATH&lt;/code&gt; environment variable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  1.3 Security Risks
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When this condition exists, the host presents a GPU-capable configuration surface to container workloads and orchestration systems while being incapable of GPU execution.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This creates several security and operational risks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Unverifiable execution claims
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Workloads that claim GPU-accelerated execution cannot be verified. Audit logs, compliance reports, and attestation records may contain false or unsupported claims about the execution environment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Scheduling and routing trust violations
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In federated or multi-node environments, a misconfigured host may accept GPU workloads it cannot execute. This can produce silent failures or unexpected CPU fallback behavior that is not surfaced to security or compliance teams.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Compliance gaps
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Regulated environments such as DoD, healthcare AI, and financial services may require attestable GPU execution for AI model inference. When this condition is undetected, the organization cannot validate its compliance posture.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Configuration drift indicators
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The condition may indicate:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unauthorized modification of Docker daemon configuration&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Partial uninstallation of GPU drivers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hardware removal without configuration cleanup&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Misaligned orchestration policy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drift between declared runtime capability and actual host capability&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Each of these is a security-relevant event.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  2. Detection Method
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The detection method executes independent checks against the host system and running containers, then evaluates the combined results through conservative cross-check logic.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  2.1 Host-Level Checks
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The minimum host-level checks are described below.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  &lt;code&gt;check_gpu_present()&lt;/code&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Executes hardware enumeration checks such as:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;lspci
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;and/or:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;nvidia-smi &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-L&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;The check identifies whether physical NVIDIA GPU devices are present.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Expected return values include:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Boolean pass/fail result&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Detected device name, where available&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Detected device count, where available&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  &lt;code&gt;check_nvidia_driver()&lt;/code&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Executes:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;nvidia-smi &lt;span class="nt"&gt;--query-gpu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;name,driver_version
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This verifies whether the NVIDIA driver is installed and functional.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Expected return values include:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pass/fail result&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Driver version string, where available&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  &lt;code&gt;check_cuda_runtime()&lt;/code&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Checks for CUDA runtime availability by validating:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;code&gt;nvcc&lt;/code&gt; binary availability&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Presence of &lt;code&gt;libcudart.so&lt;/code&gt; in standard library paths&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Validity of the &lt;code&gt;CUDA_PATH&lt;/code&gt; environment variable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Expected return value:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pass/fail result&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  2.2 Container-Level Checks
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The following checks detect GPU workload intent at the Docker runtime and container level.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  &lt;code&gt;check_docker_gpu_runtime()&lt;/code&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Queries Docker runtime configuration using:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;docker info &lt;span class="nt"&gt;--format&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s1"&gt;'{{json .Runtimes}}'&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;and inspects:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;/etc/docker/daemon.json
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;The check looks for the presence of the &lt;code&gt;nvidia&lt;/code&gt; runtime key.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Expected return value:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pass/fail result&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  &lt;code&gt;check_gpu_enabled_containers()&lt;/code&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Iterates through running containers using:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;docker ps &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-q&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Then inspects each container using:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;docker inspect
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;The check detects the following GPU workload indicators:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;HostConfig.Runtime == "nvidia"&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;code&gt;HostConfig.Devices&lt;/code&gt; containing paths matching &lt;code&gt;/dev/nvidia*&lt;/code&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;code&gt;Config.Env&lt;/code&gt; containing:

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other CUDA-related environment variables&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Expected return value:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A list of containers with GPU workload indicators&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  2.3 Cross-Check Logic
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The &lt;code&gt;GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH&lt;/code&gt; finding is derived through a cross-check function that evaluates the combined results of the individual checks.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;IF (check_gpu_present() == FAIL)
   AND (check_nvidia_driver() == FAIL)
   AND (check_cuda_runtime() == FAIL)
   AND (
     check_docker_gpu_runtime() == PASS
     OR (check_gpu_enabled_containers() returns a non-empty container list)
   )
THEN raise GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH finding
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This logic is intentionally conservative.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;All three hardware, driver, and runtime checks must fail, confirming true absence of GPU capability.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At least one workload-intent indicator must also be present, confirming true intent to use GPU capability.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This conjunction prevents false positives on systems that are simply non-GPU hosts with no GPU configuration.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  2.4 Finding Structure
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When the cross-check condition is satisfied, a structured finding is produced.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="table-wrapper-paragraph"&gt;&lt;table&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Attribute&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Value&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Category&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Finding category number&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;13&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Severity&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;HIGH&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Title&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;GPU workload declared but no physical NVIDIA GPU detected&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Description&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;Docker or container settings indicate GPU workload intent, but no NVIDIA GPU, driver, or CUDA runtime was detected on the host.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Recommendation&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;Verify host hardware, NVIDIA driver installation, NVIDIA Container Toolkit configuration, and whether the container should be scheduled on a GPU-capable node.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Check IDs&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;References the five individual checks that contributed to the finding&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  2.5 Status Label Differentiation
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A secondary method concerns the differentiation of container check status labels based on the cross-check result.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When the &lt;code&gt;GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH&lt;/code&gt; condition is present, check statuses are adjusted to avoid misleading pass/fail output.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Docker GPU runtime status
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The Docker GPU runtime check would normally display as:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;[PASS]
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;because the runtime is registered.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;However, when no physical GPU capability exists, it is relabeled as:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;[WARN]
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This indicates that the configuration is present but cannot be validated against physical hardware.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Container GPU workload indicator status
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The container GPU workload indicator check would normally display as:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;[PASS]
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;because GPU workload indicators were found.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;However, when no physical GPU is present, it is relabeled as:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;[WARN]
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;with detail text similar to:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;GPU workload indicators found in N container(s), but no physical NVIDIA GPU is available on this host.
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This differentiation gives operators a more accurate representation of the security state.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A simple pass/fail binary does not capture the risk of a partial GPU configuration.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  3. Finding Category Taxonomy
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This disclosure also describes a 13-category finding taxonomy for GPU, AI, and post-quantum cryptography security findings in containerized environments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="table-wrapper-paragraph"&gt;&lt;table&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th&gt;#&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Category&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Description&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;GPU_SECURITY&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;General GPU hardware and configuration security&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;CUDA_HARDENING&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;CUDA container runtime hardening&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;DRIVER_COMPLIANCE&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;NVIDIA driver compliance and currency&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;CONTAINER_RUNTIME&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Container runtime security configuration&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;POLICY_VIOLATION&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Security policy violations&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;SECRETS_EXPOSURE&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Secrets and credentials exposure&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;LICENSE_RISK&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Software license compliance risk&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;STIG_FINDING&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;DISA STIG control findings&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;CIS_FINDING&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;CIS Benchmark findings&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;NIST_FINDING&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;NIST SP 800-190 and related findings&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;AI_GOVERNANCE&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;AI model security and governance findings&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;SUPPLY_CHAIN&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Software supply chain security&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;GPU workload intent declared without GPU capability&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Each finding produced by any audit module is assigned exactly one category from this taxonomy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This enables:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cross-module correlation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aggregation by category in dashboards&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Structured reporting for compliance frameworks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Better prioritization of GPU, AI, PQC, and container security issues&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  4. AI Model Security Scanning Method
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This disclosure additionally describes a method for scanning running container filesystems for embedded AI model files and evaluating their security posture.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  4.1 Model Format Detection
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The method scans container filesystems using commands such as:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;docker &lt;span class="nb"&gt;exec&lt;/span&gt; &amp;lt;container_id&amp;gt; find / &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-type&lt;/span&gt; f
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;It searches for files with extensions associated with AI model formats.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="table-wrapper-paragraph"&gt;&lt;table&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Extension&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Model Format&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.onnx&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;ONNX&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.pt&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;PyTorch&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.pth&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;PyTorch&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.safetensors&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SafeTensors&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.gguf&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;GGUF / llama.cpp&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.pkl&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Pickle&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.pickle&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Pickle&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.pb&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;TensorFlow&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.h5&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Keras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;.keras&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Keras&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  4.2 Unsafe Format Detection
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pickle-format model files are identified through the following extensions:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;.pkl&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;.pickle&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These formats are security-sensitive because deserialization may allow arbitrary code execution.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When detected, this finding is assigned:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="table-wrapper-paragraph"&gt;&lt;table&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Attribute&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Value&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Category&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;AI_GOVERNANCE&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Severity&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;HIGH&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Risk&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Unsafe AI model deserialization path&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  4.3 Integrity Verification
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The method checks for SHA256 hash sidecar files alongside model files.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Expected sidecar pattern:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;model_file&amp;gt;.sha256
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Models above a minimum size threshold, such as:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;50 MB
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;are flagged when no corresponding hash record is present.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This indicates missing model integrity verification.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  4.4 CUDA Compute Mismatch
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When a container image name or environment variables indicate CUDA or NVIDIA requirements, but host-level GPU checks confirm that no physical GPU is present, a &lt;code&gt;CUDA_HARDENING&lt;/code&gt; finding is raised.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This finding indicates that the container's compute requirements cannot be met by the host.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  4.5 LLM Endpoint Exposure
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The method detects containers serving large language model inference by matching image name patterns associated with known LLM serving frameworks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Examples include:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;ollama&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;vllm&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;triton&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;tgi&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The method checks for containers that expose inference ports on:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;0.0.0.0
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;and lack authentication-related configuration in environment variables.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This identifies LLM inference endpoints that may be exposed without adequate access control.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  5. Post-Quantum Cryptography Container Scanning Method
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This disclosure describes a method for detecting quantum-vulnerable cryptographic algorithm configurations in running container environments and mapping findings to NSA CNSA 2.0 compliance controls.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  5.1 Detection Method
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The method scans container environment variables and image labels for string patterns associated with quantum-vulnerable algorithms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Patterns include references to:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;RSA key specifications&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ECDSA references&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ECDH references&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diffie-Hellman parameters&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;SHA-1&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;MD5&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;AES-128 cipher specifications&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;TLS 1.2 configuration strings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  5.2 Compliance Mapping
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Each detected pattern is mapped to a CNSA 2.0 control identifier.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="table-wrapper-paragraph"&gt;&lt;table&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Control Area&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Control ID&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Key encapsulation&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;KE-1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Symmetric cipher requirements&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;SC-1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Hash algorithm requirements&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;HA-1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Transport protocol requirements&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;TP-1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  5.3 PQC Algorithm Detection
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The method scans for references to CNSA 2.0-aligned or post-quantum cryptography algorithms, including:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ML-KEM&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;FIPS 203&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ML-DSA&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;FIPS 204&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;SLH-DSA&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;FIPS 205&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;AES-256&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;SHA-384&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;SHA-512&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  5.4 Migration Label Checking
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The method verifies the presence of Docker image labels documenting a PQC migration target date.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Example labels include:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;pqc.migration_target
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;and:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;cnsa2.migration_date
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;






&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  6. Autonomous Remediation Confidence Scoring Method
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This disclosure describes a method for scoring container security findings on a 0–100 confidence scale to determine the appropriate remediation disposition.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  6.1 Confidence Levels
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;div class="table-wrapper-paragraph"&gt;&lt;table&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Confidence Level&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Score Range&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Remediation Disposition&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;High&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;85–100&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Auto-apply deterministic fix patterns&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Medium&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;50–84&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Queue for one-click operator approval&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Low&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;0–49&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Require full manual review&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  6.2 High-Confidence Remediation
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;High-confidence findings are those with known-safe, deterministic fix patterns.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="nt"&gt;--security-opt&lt;/span&gt; no-new-privileges:true
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;These remediations may be auto-applied with a cryptographically signed evidence record.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The evidence record includes an HMAC-SHA256 signature over the before-and-after state.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  6.3 Medium-Confidence Remediation
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Medium-confidence findings have category-appropriate fix patterns but require operator context verification.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These are queued for one-click approval rather than automatically applied.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  6.4 Low-Confidence Remediation
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Low-confidence findings require manual review because they may involve structural or high-impact changes, such as:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Removing privileged mode&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changing root user behavior&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Modifying volume mounts&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adjusting runtime permissions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changing network exposure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  6.5 Always-Manual Blocklist
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A blocklist of finding titles is maintained under:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;_ALWAYS_MANUAL
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This ensures that specific high-risk finding types never receive automatic remediation, regardless of confidence score.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  7. Prior Art Statement
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To the best of the author's knowledge, as of the date of this publication, no prior art exists for the following:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The specific &lt;code&gt;GPU_WORKLOAD_MISMATCH&lt;/code&gt; cross-check detection method described in Section 2.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The 13-category finding taxonomy for GPU, AI, and PQC container security described in Section 3.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The AI model Pickle format and integrity detection method in containerized environments described in Section 4.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The CNSA 2.0 container scanning and mapping method described in Section 5.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The confidence-scored autonomous remediation method with signed evidence described in Section 6.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This publication is intended to establish prior art for the above methods and to prevent any third party from obtaining patent protection covering these techniques.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  8. Implementation
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A working implementation of the methods described in this disclosure is available as &lt;strong&gt;CHAMP ContainerGuard Enterprise&lt;/strong&gt;, developed by Champtron Systems LLC.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The implementation is maintained under version control with timestamped commit history establishing the dates of conception and reduction to practice for each method described herein.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Copyright and Notice
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;© 2026 Champtron Systems LLC. All rights reserved.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;NVIDIA Inception Member.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This document is published as a defensive publication to establish prior art. All methods described herein are the intellectual property of Champtron Systems LLC.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>cybersecurity</category>
      <category>docker</category>
      <category>ai</category>
      <category>gpu</category>
    </item>
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