DEV Community: Chethan

Understanding Kubernetes Architecture: A Simple Breakdown

Chethan — Wed, 03 Dec 2025 16:00:01 +0000

Understanding the Kubernetes architecture has given me a solid foundation for diving deep into the world of container orchestration🐋. I've synthesized the core components into an easy-to-follow guide. This is the complete breakdown of the Kubernetes architecture☸️👇:

Kubernetes follows a client-server architecture🛜. It mainly has two components:

📌Control plane: It is the master node responsible for maintaining the state of the cluster.
📌Data plane: It is a collection of worker nodes that are responsible for running your applications.

The control plane has the following components:

📌Kube-apiserver: Exposes the Kubernetes API, serving as the front-end for the Control Plane.
📌Kube-scheduler: Watches for newly created Pods and assigns them to suitable Worker Nodes based on requirements, constraints, etc.
📌 Kube-controller-manager: It is responsible for running various controller processes, such as Replication controllers, Node controllers, etc.
📌Cloud-controller-manager: It integrates Kubernetes with cloud provider APIs to manage cloud resources like persistent volumes.

The data plane has the following components:

📌Container runtime: Software responsible for running containers, such as Docker or CRI-O.
📌Kubelet: An agent that runs on each node and communicates with the Control Plane. It ensures that containers are running in Pods.
📌Kube-proxy: It maintains network rules on the nodes, enabling network communication to and from Pods, and facilitating Service discovery.

Understanding Linux Permissions: A Beginner-Friendly Guide for DevOps 🚀

Chethan — Thu, 04 Sep 2025 13:10:08 +0000

One of the most important concepts that I and many beginners encountered was File Permissions. These topics are super important if you want to become handy with handling Linux files. In this blog, I will deep dive and provide a brief overview of Linux File permissions and help others learn it fast.

📌Listing File Permissions:
To check permissions of a file use: ls -l
Files in Linux have different types:

1) - → regular file
2) d → directory
3) l → symbolic link (e.g., lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Aug 26 10:00 lib -> usr/lib)

In the permissions string (rwxr-xr-x):
1) r → read
2) w → write
3) x → execute

The string is divided into 3 sets:
1) User (owner)
2) Group
3) Others

So rwxr-xr-x means: owner can read, write, execute; group can read & execute; others can read & execute.

🔑Changing Permissions with chmod:
Permissions can be set numerically or symbolically:

1) Numeric (octal method)
r = 4, w = 2, x = 1
Eg: To give all permissions to all sets of users: chmod 777 file.txt

2) Symbolic (using letters)
Eg:
1) To give read permission to the user: chmod u+r file.txt
2) To give read permissions to both the group and others: chmod go+r file.txt

To remove permission use '-' : chmod g-r file.txt

⚙️Default Permissions with unmask:
When a new file is created, its default permissions depend on the umask value.

Default mask : 022
To change it : umask 021 (This removes read permission from group and execute permission from others)

🔒Special Permission Bits:

Linux also supports advanced permission bits:
1) SUID (Set User ID) – executable runs with file owner’s privileges :

Eg: chmod u+s file.txt , chmod 4555 file.txt

2) SGID (Set Group ID) - Here there are two cases:

On files → runs with file group privileges
On directories → new files inherit directory’s group

Eg: chmod g+s file.txt , chmod 2777 file.txt

3) Sticky Bit – on directories, prevents deletion of files by anyone except the owner

Eg : chmod +t dir , chmod 1755 file.txt

👥Change Ownership:

1) Change file owner. Eg: chown newuser filename
2) Change group ownership. Eg:chown :newgroup filename
3) Change both. Eg:chown -R newuser:newgroup director

To change group:

1) For a single file. Eg: chgrp newgroup filename
2) For all files in directory. Eg: chgrp -R newgroup directory/

This was my learning summary on Linux permissions. If you’re also exploring DevOps/Linux, practicing these commands hands-on will help things click much faster. Do share it with your newtork and share your thoughts on this 🙌

👉 Which of these file permissions do you use the most ?

A Beginner’s Guide to the Linux File System Hierarchy 🚀

Chethan — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 13:09:51 +0000

When I first started exploring Linux, one of the things that confused me most was the file system layout. Unlike Windows, where everything is neatly tucked under C:\, Linux starts with a single root directory /, and from there, everything branches out into different subfolders with very specific purposes.

At first glance, it can feel overwhelming — why are there so many folders, and what do they all mean? But once you understand the logic behind the structure, navigating Linux becomes a lot more intuitive.

Let’s take a quick tour of the key directories in the Linux file system 👇

/bin

Essential binaries needed to boot and run basic commands.
Eg: ls, cp, cat

/sbin

System binaries and admin tools, mainly for the root user.
Eg: ip, mount, fdisk

/lib

Shared libraries and kernel modules required by /bin and /sbin.

/etc

Configuration files for the system and applications.
Eg: passwd, hosts

/home

Personal workspace for each user — your familiar "home directory."

/dev

Device files that act as an interface to hardware.
Eg: sda, sdb

/root

Home directory for the root (superuser).

/var

Variable files like logs, caches, and backups.

/usr

User-installed applications, binaries, and source code.

/tmp

Temporary files (wiped after reboot, with sticky bit).

/boot

Bootloader files required to start the operating system.

/proc

Virtual file system exposing kernel and process info.

/sys

Virtual file system for interacting with devices and drivers.

/run

Runtime process data since the last reboot.

/mnt

Temporary mount point for sysadmins.

/media

Mount point for removable devices like USBs, DVDs, CDs.

As I’m learning Linux, I’m curious:
👉 Which of these directories do you use or explore the most, and why?

I’d love to hear your experiences and tips — feel free to share them in the comments! 🙌

Starting my Tech Journey 💪

Chethan — Fri, 22 Aug 2025 12:16:45 +0000

Hi Folks,
My name is Chethan, a second-year undergrad passionate to learn about DevOps and Cloud-Native tools. Today, I am happy to share that I will be starting my journey where I will be sharing my learnings with you and learn from others as well, and growing as an Engineer.

Thanks