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    <title>DEV Community: Chrea Chanchhunneng</title>
    <description>The latest articles on DEV Community by Chrea Chanchhunneng (@chhunneng).</description>
    <link>https://dev.to/chhunneng</link>
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      <title>DEV Community: Chrea Chanchhunneng</title>
      <link>https://dev.to/chhunneng</link>
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    <atom:link rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://dev.to/feed/chhunneng"/>
    <language>en</language>
    <item>
      <title>The Best Free Cloud Storage Services of 2024</title>
      <dc:creator>Chrea Chanchhunneng</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Sun, 17 Dec 2023 11:24:59 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/chhunneng/the-best-free-cloud-storage-services-of-2024-5d7n</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/chhunneng/the-best-free-cloud-storage-services-of-2024-5d7n</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;In today's digital age, having access to reliable cloud storage is essential. With so many options available, it can be challenging to choose the right one for your needs. In this blog post, we will explore the top 13 free cloud storage services that offer up to 1TB of storage space.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Terabox - Size: 1TB&lt;br&gt;
Terabox is a relatively new player in the cloud storage market, but it has quickly gained popularity due to its generous offering of 1TB of free storage space. This makes it an excellent choice for users who need to store large files such as videos, photos, and music.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mega - Size: 20GB (50GB for those created before 2021)&lt;br&gt;
Mega is known for its end-to-end encryption, which ensures that your data is secure and private. It offers 20GB of free storage space, which can be expanded to 50GB if you sign up before 2021.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Degoo - Size: 20GB&lt;br&gt;
Degoo is another cloud storage service that provides 20GB of free storage space. It also offers automatic backup for your mobile devices, making it a convenient option for those who are always on the go.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Google Drive - Size: 15GB&lt;br&gt;
Google Drive is a popular choice among users due to its seamless integration with other Google services such as Gmail and Google Docs. It offers 15GB of free storage space, which can be shared across all your Google accounts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mediafire - Size: 10GB&lt;br&gt;
Mediafire is a simple and easy-to-use cloud storage service that offers 10GB of free storage space. It also allows you to share files with others via email or social media.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yandex Cloud - Size: 10GB&lt;br&gt;
Yandex Cloud is a Russian cloud storage service that provides 10GB of free storage space. It also offers unlimited storage for photos and videos taken with your smartphone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;pCloud - Size: 10GB&lt;br&gt;
pCloud is a Swiss-based cloud storage service that offers 10GB of free storage space. It also provides advanced security features such as two-factor authentication and TLS/SSL encryption.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Internxt - Size: 10GB&lt;br&gt;
Internxt is a secure cloud storage service that uses end-to-end encryption to protect your data. It offers 10GB of free storage space and allows you to share files with others securely.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;iDrive - Size: 10GB&lt;br&gt;
iDrive is a cloud storage service that provides 10GB of free storage space. It also offers automatic backups for your mobile devices and computers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Icedrive - Size: 10GB&lt;br&gt;
Icedrive is a cloud storage service that offers 10GB of free storage space. It also provides advanced security features such as zero-knowledge encryption and two-factor authentication.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Box - Size: 10GB&lt;br&gt;
Box is a cloud storage service that provides 10GB of free storage space. It also offers collaboration tools such as file sharing and real-time editing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Filen - Size: 10GB&lt;br&gt;
Filen is a privacy-focused cloud storage service that offers 10GB of free storage space. It also provides end-to-end encryption and allows you to share files securely.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;OneDrive - Size: 5GB&lt;br&gt;
OneDrive is a cloud storage service provided by Microsoft that offers 5GB of free storage space. It also integrates seamlessly with other Microsoft services such as Office 365.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In conclusion, there are many free cloud storage services available, each with its own unique features and benefits. By considering your storage needs and security requirements, you can choose the best cloud storage service for your needs.&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>cloud</category>
      <category>storage</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>News about AI Google's Gemini will surpass GPT4?</title>
      <dc:creator>Chrea Chanchhunneng</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Fri, 08 Dec 2023 00:53:40 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/chhunneng/news-about-ai-googles-gemini-will-surpass-gpt4-43ea</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/chhunneng/news-about-ai-googles-gemini-will-surpass-gpt4-43ea</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--GRKoUfEY--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_800/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/7iflu09a88wuhnfx985c.png" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--GRKoUfEY--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_800/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/7iflu09a88wuhnfx985c.png" alt="Gemini with GPT4 compare" width="800" height="594"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Google's Gemini model surpasses GPT-4 in AI benchmarks.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Google's Gemini model surpasses GPT-4 in AI benchmarks due to several key factors:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Multimodal capabilities:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gemini is built from the ground up to be multimodal, meaning it can process and understand different data types like text, images, and audio together. This allows it to perform tasks like image captioning, video question answering, and audio translation more effectively than GPT-4, which is primarily focused on text processing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Multimodal training data: Gemini is trained on a much larger and more diverse dataset of text, images, audio, and code than GPT-4. This gives it a broader range of knowledge and allows it to better understand the relationships between different types of information.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Superior performance on academic benchmarks:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gemini Ultra outperforms GPT-4 in 30 out of 32 widely used academic benchmarks used in large language model (LLM) research and development. This includes benchmarks for tasks like text summarization, question answering, and natural language inference.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gemini Ultra is the first model to outperform human experts on the MMLU (massive multitask language understanding) benchmark. This benchmark assesses both world knowledge and problem-solving abilities using a combination of 57 subjects such as math, physics, history, law, medicine, and ethics.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Additional advantages:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Better reasoning abilities: Gemini uses a more advanced reasoning engine that allows it to follow complex instructions and solve multi-step problems more effectively than GPT-4.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stronger common sense: While GPT-4 has an edge in common sense reasoning for everyday situations, Gemini generally demonstrates better understanding of the real world and how things work.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fine-tuning capabilities: Google has fine-tuned a version of Gemini Pro for Bard, which allows it to perform more advanced tasks like summarization, generation of different creative text formats and writing different kinds of creative content.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Google's Gemini is a multimodal model with real-time response capability.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It can recognize and respond to real-time video inputs, such as identifying objects in a video feed.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The model can track ongoing activities in a video, like locating a hidden ball or connecting the dots.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Google's Gemini can generate music and perform logic and spatial reasoning&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It can create music from images, not just text to audio but image to audio.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It can also assess aerodynamics and help civil engineers generate blueprints.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Google's Gemini offers three sizes for different applications&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gemini Nano:

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;This is the smallest and most efficient model of the three.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It is designed for on-device tasks, such as running voice assistants, facial recognition, and natural language processing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It is already being used in the Pixel 8 Pro smartphone, where it powers features like Summarise in Recorder and Smart Reply in Gboard.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gemini Pro:

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;This is a more powerful model that is designed for edge computing tasks, such as running smart home applications and industrial automation systems.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It is not yet available, but it is expected to be released in the near future.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gemini Ultra:

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;This is the largest and most powerful model of the three.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It is designed for cloud computing tasks, such as running large language models and training AI models.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It is also not yet available, but it is expected to be released in early 2024.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Here is a table that summarizes the uses for each size of Gemini:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="table-wrapper-paragraph"&gt;&lt;table&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Size&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Use Cases&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nano&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;On-device tasks like voice assistants, facial recognition, and natural language processing.&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pro&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Edge computing tasks like smart home applications and industrial automation systems.&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ultra&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Cloud computing tasks like large language models and training AI models.&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gemini Ultra outperforms GPT-4 in most situations&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gemini Pro is not quite as good as GPT-4 Pro, but Gemini Ultra is better in almost every category&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gemini Pro underperforms GPT-4 in benchmarks, but Gemini Ultra outperforms it in almost every single category&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gemini Ultra underperforms GPT-4 on the HellSwag Benchmark&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The HellSwag Benchmark assesses Common Sense natural language by having the AI complete ambiguous sentences&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;This test is crucial for evaluating how human-like the AI's responses are&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GPT-4's performance compared to Google's Gemini is concerning&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Google's Gemini uses newly unveiled version 5 tensor processing units in super PODS of 4,096 chips each.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The super PODS have a dedicated Optical switch for quick data transfer, and can dynamically reconfigure into 3D torus topologies.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Google's Gemini uses vast training data set and reinforcement learning for quality control.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The training data set includes web pages, YouTube videos, scientific papers, and books, filtered for quality.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gemini's Nano and Pro Models will be available on Google Cloud on &lt;strong&gt;December 13th&lt;/strong&gt;, but the Gemini ultra Pro Max won't be available until next year due to safety tests.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For more info: &lt;a href="https://deepmind.google/technologies/gemini/"&gt;https://deepmind.google/technologies/gemini/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>ai</category>
      <category>chatgpt</category>
      <category>gemini</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>100 computer science concepts, you should know.</title>
      <dc:creator>Chrea Chanchhunneng</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Dec 2023 02:58:21 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/chhunneng/100-computer-science-concepts-you-should-know-2pgk</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/chhunneng/100-computer-science-concepts-you-should-know-2pgk</guid>
      <description>&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Turing Machine:&lt;/strong&gt; The theoretical basis for all computers. Think of it as a hypothetical device that can perform any computation.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fa7kwm6hv67dgemjwm6ci.gif" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;CPU (Central Processing Unit):&lt;/strong&gt; The brain of a computer, responsible for executing instructions. It processes data and controls other components.
Connecting Point: The CPU relies on fundamental electronic components.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fl09o7xk4f6eg8s4ilqn6.jpg" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Transistors:&lt;/strong&gt; Tiny electronic switches that form the basis of all digital electronics. They can be in an "on" or "off" state, representing binary values.
Example: Imagine transistors as light switches – either the light is on (1) or off (0).
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fthumbs.dreamstime.com%2Fz%2Fmicrochips-transistor-radio-tube-isolated-white-background-evolution-technology-chip-electronic-lamp-154394317.jpg%3Fw%3D768" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Bit:&lt;/strong&gt; The smallest unit of digital information, representing a binary value (0 or 1).
Connecting Point: Eight bits make up a byte.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.gcflearnfree.org%2Fcontent%2F5be310a59fcfff1378ff8923_11_07_2018%2Fbinary_bit.jpg" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Byte:&lt;/strong&gt; A group of 8 bits. It's the basic unit of storage in a computer.
Example: A byte can represent a single character, like 'A'.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shutterstock.com%2Fimage-vector%2Fone-byte-equal-eight-bits-600nw-2002085840.jpg" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;ASCII Character Encoding:&lt;/strong&gt; A standard that assigns numerical values to characters. Computers use these values to represent text.
Connecting Point: ASCII values are often represented in binary.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fcomputersciencewiki.org%2Fimages%2F3%2F3d%2FAscii_table.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Binary:&lt;/strong&gt; The base-2 number system, using only 0s and 1s. Computers use binary for data representation.
Example: The binary representation of 5 is 101.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fstudy.com%2Fcimages%2Fmultimages%2F16%2Fbinary-42.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Hexadecimal:&lt;/strong&gt; A base-16 number system often used in programming for its compact representation.
Connecting Point: Four bits make up a nibble, and two nibbles make up a byte.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Flalacomputersci.files.wordpress.com%2F2017%2F08%2Fscreen-shot-2560-08-27-at-4-26-55-pm.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Nibble:&lt;/strong&gt; Half a byte, comprising 4 bits.
Example: In binary, 1101 can be divided into a nibble as 1101.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fi.etsystatic.com%2F15072662%2Fr%2Fil%2F044db4%2F1500909500%2Fil_fullxfull.1500909500_17q2.jpg" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Machine Code:&lt;/strong&gt; Low-level code directly executable by a computer's CPU. It's in binary and specific to the processor architecture.
Connecting Point: Programming languages are used to write machine code.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.codecademy.com%2Fresources%2Fblog%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F12%2Fprogramming-languages.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;RAM (Random Access Memory):&lt;/strong&gt; Temporary storage that the CPU uses actively. It's faster than long-term storage but volatile.
Example: Think of RAM as your computer's short-term memory.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.istockphoto.com%2Fid%2F507957206%2Fphoto%2Fram.jpg%3Fs%3D612x612%26w%3D0%26k%3D20%26c%3DD-Mf5T2CNu6Tyjd3SleCUPsYL1DFAAkjFstqMB9RiM0%3D" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Memory Address:&lt;/strong&gt; A unique identifier for each location in memory, allowing the CPU to access and store data.
Connecting Point: I/O operations involve moving data between memory and external devices.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.log2base2.com%2Fimages%2Fc%2Fcomputer-memory-address.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;I/O (Input/Output):&lt;/strong&gt; The process of transferring data between a computer and external devices.
Example: Printing a document is an output operation.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fhowtofunda.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F03%2Fcomputer-input-and-output-devices-project-model-diy-simple-and-easy.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Kernel:&lt;/strong&gt; The core part of an operating system, managing hardware resources and providing essential services.
Connecting Point: The shell interacts with the kernel to execute commands.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.ttgtmedia.com%2Frms%2Fonlineimages%2Fdata_center-kernel_layout_half_column_mobile.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Shell:&lt;/strong&gt; A command-line interface allowing users to interact with the operating system by typing commands.
Example: "ls" lists files in a directory.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fthumb%2F8%2F84%2FBash_demo.png%2F370px-Bash_demo.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Command Line Interface (CLI):&lt;/strong&gt; An interface where users interact with the computer by typing commands.
Connecting Point: Secure Shell Protocol enables secure communication on the CLI.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shutterstock.com%2Fimage-photo%2Fcomputer-monitor-command-line-interface-600nw-2337697455.jpg" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Secure Shell Protocol (SSH):&lt;/strong&gt; A cryptographic network protocol for secure data communication over an unsecured network.
Example: SSH allows you to securely connect to a remote server.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssh.com%2Fhubfs%2FImported_Blog_Media%2FSSH_simplified_protocol_diagram-2.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Mainframe:&lt;/strong&gt; A powerful, large-scale computer often used by organizations for critical applications.
Connecting Point: Programming languages enable communication with mainframes.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fpng.pngtree.com%2Fthumb_back%2Ffh260%2Fbackground%2F20230617%2Fpngtree-warehouse-housing-server-computers-or-mainframe-computer-in-3d-rendering-image_3638647.jpg" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Programming Language:&lt;/strong&gt; A set of instructions for a computer to perform tasks.
Example: Python is a popular programming language.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fimg.freepik.com%2Fpremium-vector%2Fconcept-programming-languages-from-around-world-man-programmer-showing-program-laptop_206127-480.jpg" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Abstraction Principle:&lt;/strong&gt; Hiding complex details while exposing essential functionalities.
Connecting Point: Interpreted and compiled languages illustrate different abstraction levels.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fhsrnks01je6mkonbf7mn.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Interpreted:&lt;/strong&gt; Code executed line by line, translating and executing simultaneously.
Example: Python is an interpreted language.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Compiled:&lt;/strong&gt; Code translated entirely before execution, resulting in an executable file.
Connecting Point: Executable files contain machine code.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guru99.com%2Fimages%2F1%2F053018_0616_CompilervsI1.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Executable:&lt;/strong&gt; A file containing machine code that a computer can run.
Example: Running an ".exe" file on Windows.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fhelpdeskgeek.com%2Fwp-content%2Fpictures%2F2020%2F09%2FWindows-Run-EXE.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Data Types:&lt;/strong&gt; Categories that define the kind of data a variable can hold.
Connecting Point: Variables store data.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fi0.wp.com%2Fcode4coding.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F02%2Fdatatype1.jpg%3Fresize%3D621%252C455%26ssl%3D1" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Variable:&lt;/strong&gt; A named storage location for data in a program.
Example: "x = 5" assigns the value 5 to the variable x.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fi.stack.imgur.com%2F0C51n.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Dynamically Typed:&lt;/strong&gt; Data types are assigned during runtime.
Connecting Point: Statically typed languages define types before runtime.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fi.stack.imgur.com%2Fx5XCH.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Statically Typed:&lt;/strong&gt; Data types are defined before runtime.
Example: In Java, you declare variable types explicitly.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fcdn-wordpress-info.futurelearn.com%2Finfo%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2a9b3db4-7ff2-48fa-ade9-720c7717466c-768x206.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Pointer:&lt;/strong&gt; A variable that stores the memory address of another variable.
Connecting Point: Garbage collection manages memory by reclaiming unused space.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geeksforgeeks.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FHow-Pointer-Works-In-C.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Garbage Collection:&lt;/strong&gt; Automatically reclaiming memory occupied by objects no longer in use.
Example: Java has an automatic garbage collector.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fthumb%2Fb%2Fbb%2FStructure_and_Interpretation_of_Computer_Programs_p.764b.gif%2F400px-Structure_and_Interpretation_of_Computer_Programs_p.764b.gif" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Int (Integer):&lt;/strong&gt; A data type representing whole numbers.
Connecting Point: Data types like floating point represent decimal numbers.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Signed:&lt;/strong&gt; Integers that can be positive or negative.
Example: -3 is a signed integer.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Floating Point:&lt;/strong&gt; A data type representing decimal numbers.
Connecting Point: Double provides more precision than float.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Double:&lt;/strong&gt; A data type with double precision, providing more accuracy than float.
Example: 3.14 is a double.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Char (Character):&lt;/strong&gt; A data type representing a single character.
Connecting Point: Strings are sequences of characters.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;String:&lt;/strong&gt; A sequence of characters.
Example: "Hello, World!" is a string.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Big Endian:&lt;/strong&gt; Storing the most significant byte first in memory.
Connecting Point: Little Endian stores the least significant byte first.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Little Endian:&lt;/strong&gt; Storing the least significant byte first in memory.
Example: Consider the hexadecimal value 0x1234. Big Endian stores it as 12 34, while Little Endian stores it as 34 12.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freecodecamp.org%2Fnews%2Fcontent%2Fimages%2F2021%2F01%2FDecimal-number_--1-.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Data Structures:&lt;/strong&gt; Organized formats for storing and manipulating data.
Connecting Point: Arrays and linked lists are fundamental data structures.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fpbs.twimg.com%2Fmedia%2FFVloya1WIAAc5l0.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Array:&lt;/strong&gt; A collection of elements identified by index or key.
Example: arr = [1, 2, 3] is an array.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.geeksforgeeks.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F20220721080308%2Farray.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Linked List:&lt;/strong&gt; A data structure consisting of nodes linked together.
Connecting Point: Stacks and queues are specialized data structures.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.geeksforgeeks.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F20220829110944%2FLLdrawio.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Stack:&lt;/strong&gt; A Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) data structure.
Example: Think of a stack of plates – you take the top one.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.geeksforgeeks.org%2Fwp-content%2Fcdn-uploads%2F20230726165552%2FStack-Data-Structure.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Queue:&lt;/strong&gt; A First-In-First-Out (FIFO) data structure.
Connecting Point: Hashing involves mapping data to a fixed-size array.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.geeksforgeeks.org%2Fwp-content%2Fcdn-uploads%2F20230726165642%2FQueue-Data-structure1.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Hash (Triangle is horse):&lt;/strong&gt; A function that maps data of arbitrary size to a fixed-size value.
Example: Hashing a password for secure storage.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.geeksforgeeks.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F20200609180838%2FHashingDataStructure-min.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Tree:&lt;/strong&gt; A hierarchical data structure with a root and branches.
Connecting Point: Graphs extend the concept of trees.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.geeksforgeeks.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F20230626160718%2FTree-Data-Structure--nEW.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Graph:&lt;/strong&gt; A collection of nodes connected by edges.
Example: Social networks can be represented as graphs.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.geeksforgeeks.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F20200630111809%2Fgraph18.jpg" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Edge:&lt;/strong&gt; A connection between nodes in a graph.
Connecting Point: Algorithms operate on data using various operations.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.geeksforgeeks.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fgraph-5.jpg" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Algorithm:&lt;/strong&gt; A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem.
Example: Sorting a list using the bubble sort algorithm.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fi.pinimg.com%2F736x%2Fba%2Fff%2F7d%2Fbaff7ddfbd2f6af236aebf28ac87c8ad.jpg" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Function:&lt;/strong&gt; A reusable block of code that performs a specific task.
Connecting Point: Functions often involve returning values.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2FTvNf5Jp.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Return:&lt;/strong&gt; The action of providing a value from a function.
Example: "return x" in a function returns the value of x.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Arguments:&lt;/strong&gt; Values provided to a function for it to operate on.
Connecting Point: Operators manipulate data in expressions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Operators:&lt;/strong&gt; Symbols representing computations.
Example: The "+" operator adds two numbers.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.geeksforgeeks.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F20230302114603%2FOperators-in-C-%281%29-768.png" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Boolean:&lt;/strong&gt; A data type with two values, true or false.
Connecting Point: Expressions evaluate to either true or false.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fscaler.com%2Ftopics%2Fimages%2Fpython-boolean-operators.webp" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Expression:&lt;/strong&gt; A combination of values and operators that can be evaluated.
Example: "2 + 3" is an expression evaluating to 5.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.simplilearn.com%2Fice9%2Ffree_resources_article_thumb%2FExpressions_In_C_1.PNG" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Statement:&lt;/strong&gt; A complete line of code that performs an action.
Connecting Point: Conditional logic guides program flow.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Conditional Logic:&lt;/strong&gt; Decision-making in code based on conditions.
Example: "if a &amp;gt; b:" is a conditional statement.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;While Loop:&lt;/strong&gt; A control flow statement that repeatedly executes a block of code while a condition is true.
Connecting Point: Iterables are collections that can be looped through.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Iterable:&lt;/strong&gt; A collection of items that can be looped through.
Example: A list in Python is an iterable.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;For Loop:&lt;/strong&gt; A control flow statement for iterating over a sequence.
Connecting Point: Void represents the absence of a return value.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Void:&lt;/strong&gt; A data type indicating the absence of a value.
Example: A function with no return statement.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Recursion:&lt;/strong&gt; A function calling itself to solve a smaller instance of the same problem.
Connecting Point: The call stack manages function calls.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Call Stack:&lt;/strong&gt; A data structure that stores function call information.
Example: Visualize a stack of function calls.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Stack Overflow (E):&lt;/strong&gt; When the call stack exceeds its capacity, causing a program to crash.
Connecting Point: Base condition in recursion prevents infinite loops.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Base Condition:&lt;/strong&gt; The stopping criterion in recursive functions.
Example: "if n == 0" in a factorial function.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Big-O-Notation:&lt;/strong&gt; Describes the upper bound of an algorithm's time or space complexity.
Connecting Point: Time and space complexity measure efficiency.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Time Complexity:&lt;/strong&gt; How the execution time of an algorithm grows with input size.
Example: O(n) signifies linear time complexity.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Space Complexity:&lt;/strong&gt; How much memory an algorithm uses in relation to input size.
Connecting Point: Brute force is a straightforward approach.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fmiro.medium.com%2Fv2%2Fresize%3Afit%3A1248%2F1%2AM2yzaVBGklBPIeJtirfD1Q.jpeg" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Brute Force:&lt;/strong&gt; Solving a problem by trying every possibility.
Example: Searching an unsorted list linearly.
&lt;img src="https://media.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdiscover.strongdm.com%2Fhubfs%2Fbrute-force-attack.jpg" alt="Image description"&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Divide and Conquer:&lt;/strong&gt; Breaking a problem into smaller sub-problems and solving them.
Connecting Point: Dynamic programming optimizes recursive solutions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Dynamic Programming (Nice):&lt;/strong&gt; A technique that stores and reuses solutions to sub-problems.
Example: The Fibonacci sequence using memoization.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Memoization:&lt;/strong&gt; Caching and reusing previously computed results to improve performance.
Connecting Point: Greedy algorithms make locally optimal choices.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Greedy:&lt;/strong&gt; Choosing the best option at each step without considering the overall situation.
Example: The greedy algorithm for the coin change problem.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Dijkstra's Shortest Path:&lt;/strong&gt; An algorithm for finding the shortest path between nodes in a graph.
Connecting Point: Backtracking explores all possibilities.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Backtracking:&lt;/strong&gt; A trial-and-error approach to problem-solving.
Example: Solving Sudoku puzzles.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Declarative:&lt;/strong&gt; Describing what should be accomplished without specifying how.
Connecting Point: Functional languages emphasize functions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Functional Languages:&lt;/strong&gt; Programming languages focusing on functions as first-class citizens.
Example: Haskell is a functional language.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Imperative:&lt;/strong&gt; Describing how a program should accomplish a task.
Connecting Point: Procedural languages follow a step-by-step approach.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Procedural Languages:&lt;/strong&gt; Focused on procedures or routines that perform operations.
Example: C is a procedural language.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Multiparadigm Languages:&lt;/strong&gt; Supporting multiple programming paradigms.
Connecting Point: Object-oriented languages use classes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Object-oriented:&lt;/strong&gt; Organizing code around objects that encapsulate data and behavior.
Example: Java and Python are object-oriented languages.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Class:&lt;/strong&gt; A blueprint for creating objects with shared attributes and behaviors.
Connecting Point: Properties and methods are part of a class.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Property:&lt;/strong&gt; An attribute of an object in object-oriented programming.
Example: In a car class, speed can be a property.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; A function associated with an object in object-oriented programming.
Connecting Point: Inheritance allows one class to inherit properties and methods from another.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Inheritance:&lt;/strong&gt; A mechanism for creating a new class that is a modified version of an existing class.
Example: A "Car" class inheriting from a "Vehicle" class.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Design Patterns:&lt;/strong&gt; Reusable solutions to common problems in software design.
Connecting Point: Instantiating creates an instance of a class.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Instantiate:&lt;/strong&gt; Creating an instance of a class.
Example: Creating a new object from a class.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Heap:&lt;/strong&gt; Memory used for dynamic memory allocation during program execution.
Connecting Point: Reference points to the memory location of an object.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Reference:&lt;/strong&gt; A variable that holds the memory address of an object.
Example: "obj = MyClass()" assigns the reference to obj.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Threads:&lt;/strong&gt; Independent sequences of instructions, each running in its own thread.
Connecting Point: Parallelism involves multiple threads running concurrently.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Parallelism:&lt;/strong&gt; Simultaneously executing multiple tasks.
Example: Running multiple threads to speed up a computation.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Concurrency:&lt;/strong&gt; The concept of multiple tasks making progress without necessarily running simultaneously.
Connecting Point: Bare Metal refers to programming without an operating system.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Bare Metal:&lt;/strong&gt; Programming directly for hardware without an operating system.
Example: Embedded systems often involve bare-metal programming.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Virtual Machine:&lt;/strong&gt; An emulation of a computer system, running an operating system within another.
Connecting Point: IP address identifies devices on a network.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;IP Address:&lt;/strong&gt; A numerical label assigned to each device on a computer network.
Example: 192.168.1.1 is an example of an IP address.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;URL (Uniform Resource Locator):&lt;/strong&gt; A web address specifying the location of a resource on the internet.
Connecting Point: DNS resolves domain names to IP addresses.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;DNS (Domain Name System):&lt;/strong&gt; Translates human-readable domain names to IP addresses.
Example: Resolving &lt;a href="http://www.example.com" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;www.example.com&lt;/a&gt; to an IP address.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):&lt;/strong&gt; A protocol ensuring reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data.
Connecting Point: Packets break data into smaller units for efficient transmission.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Packets:&lt;/strong&gt; Small units of data transmitted over a network.
Example: Sending a large file in smaller, manageable chunks.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Secure Sockets Layer (SSL):&lt;/strong&gt; A protocol for secure communication over a computer network.
Connecting Point: HTTP uses SSL to become HTTPS for secure communication.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol):&lt;/strong&gt; The foundation of data communication on the web. It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted.
Connecting Point: APIs often use HTTP to send and receive data.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Application Programming Interface (API):&lt;/strong&gt; An API allows different software applications to communicate and share data, enabling them to work together.
Connecting Point: Understanding APIs is crucial for developing software that interacts with other programs or services.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This article is from &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uleG_Vecis" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;youtube&lt;/a&gt; and I write the summary for user to easily understand. Please give a like to support 🙏🥰&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>computerscience</category>
      <category>programming</category>
      <category>learning</category>
      <category>algorithms</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Get a free spacial Holopin badge</title>
      <dc:creator>Chrea Chanchhunneng</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Nov 2023 04:28:37 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/chhunneng/get-a-free-spacial-holopin-badge-2k7h</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/chhunneng/get-a-free-spacial-holopin-badge-2k7h</guid>
      <description>&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Contribute to programming-starters-project and Earn the Holopin Badge 🌟
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hey Dev community! 👋 We're thrilled to invite you to contribute to &lt;a href="https://github.com/Chhunneng/programming-starters-project"&gt;programming-starters-project&lt;/a&gt;, an exciting project that contains a curated collection of beginner-friendly projects in various programming languages and frameworks. Explore, learn, and code your way through hands-on projects to build your skills.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  How to Contribute?
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Star the Repository&lt;/strong&gt;: Show your support by starring the repository. It helps us reach a broader audience and lets others know that this project is appreciated by the community.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://github.com/Chhunneng/programming-starters-project"&gt;Star the Repository&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fork the Repository&lt;/strong&gt;: Fork a copy of the repository to your GitHub account. This way, you'll have your own copy to work on.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://github.com/Chhunneng/programming-starters-project"&gt;Fork the Repository&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clone the Repository&lt;/strong&gt;: Clone the repository to your local machine. Use the following command in your terminal:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;git clone https://github.com/Chhunneng/programming-starters-project
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Create a Branch&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;git checkout &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-b&lt;/span&gt; feature/your-feature-name
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Make Changes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Commit Changes&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;git commit &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-m&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s2"&gt;"Add your descriptive commit message here"&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Push Changes&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;git push origin feature/your-feature-name
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Create a Pull Request&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="https://github.com/Chhunneng/programming-starters-project/compare"&gt;Create a Pull Request&lt;/a&gt; and Put your email in description on pull request to get holopin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  &lt;a href="https://www.holopin.io/sticker/clozb3vv717860fjtjd0ellcc"&gt;Holopin Badge&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--B6xk0rLN--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_800/https://assets.holopin.io/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJob2xvcGluLWFzc2V0cyIsImtleSI6ImFzc2V0cy9jbG96YnEwc2k2NTI2MGZsOTNyZ3g2NnlpIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicm90YXRlIjpudWxsfX0%3D" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--B6xk0rLN--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_800/https://assets.holopin.io/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJob2xvcGluLWFzc2V0cyIsImtleSI6ImFzc2V0cy9jbG96YnEwc2k2NTI2MGZsOTNyZ3g2NnlpIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicm90YXRlIjpudWxsfX0%3D" alt="Holopin Badge" width="720" height="720"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Let's Build Something Amazing Together!&lt;br&gt;
If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out in the comments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Happy coding! 🚀&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>holopin</category>
      <category>programming</category>
      <category>githubhack23</category>
      <category>beginners</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>🚀 Exciting Open Source Project: Programming Starters Collection 🌐</title>
      <dc:creator>Chrea Chanchhunneng</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Nov 2023 03:15:29 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/chhunneng/exciting-open-source-project-programming-starters-collection-3892</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/chhunneng/exciting-open-source-project-programming-starters-collection-3892</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Hey Dev.to community! 👋&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I'm thrilled to introduce you to an exciting open-source project that I've been working on – the &lt;strong&gt;Programming Starters Collection&lt;/strong&gt;! 🌟&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  What is the Programming Starters Collection?
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The Programming Starters Collection is a curated repository containing beginner-friendly projects in various programming languages and frameworks. It's designed to help individuals learn and practice coding in a hands-on and practical way.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  🎯 Project Goals
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Provide a diverse set of projects for different programming languages and frameworks.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Offer clear and detailed documentation for each project to guide beginners.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Foster a welcoming and collaborative community for contributors.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  🌐 Technologies Covered
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Python&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;JavaScript (ReactJS included)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;etc.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  How to Contribute?
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Explore the repository: &lt;a href="https://github.com/Chhunneng/programming-starters-project"&gt;Programming Starters Collection&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Choose a project that interests you.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Follow the provided documentation to implement the project.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open a pull request to contribute your work.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Example Projects
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Number Guessing Game in Python&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Password Generator in Python&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Random Quote Generator in JavaScript&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Calculator App in ReactJS&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  💻 Why Contribute?
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sharpen your coding skills with hands-on projects.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Help beginners learn by providing clear and detailed examples.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Be part of a growing open-source community.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  How to Get Started?
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fork the repository: &lt;a href="https://github.com/Chhunneng/programming-starters-project"&gt;https://github.com/Chhunneng/programming-starters-project&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Choose a project folder based on your preferred language or framework.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Follow the documentation to complete the project.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Submit a pull request and join the community!&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  🌟 Let's Build Together!
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I'm excited to invite you to join this collaborative project. Whether you're a seasoned developer or just starting your coding journey, there's a place for you in the Programming Starters Collection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Explore the repository and start contributing today: &lt;a href="https://github.com/Chhunneng/programming-starters-project"&gt;Programming Starters Collection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Let's build and learn together! 🚀 Feel free to share your thoughts and ideas in the comments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Happy coding! 🎉&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Chrea Chanchhunneng&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href="mailto:chreachanchhunneng@gmail.com"&gt;chreachanchhunneng@gmail.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>beginners</category>
      <category>opensource</category>
      <category>programming</category>
      <category>tutorial</category>
    </item>
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