Terminal

CODETOPIA-COMMUNITY — Sat, 19 Jun 2021 23:11:31 +0000

Getting a terminal for windows (cmder)

Before we proceed with this blog article, I would want to inform you that there is a video about this article on Codetopia’s YouTube channel. You can watch it or read this post or preferably do both.

What is a terminal?

From experience, I can tell that about 90% of learners who begin their way into the development world or into computing often know nothing about the terminal and often get confused when anything about it is mentioned. What is the terminal? one may ask. The terminal is actually an interface where instructions known as commands could be given to the computer to carry out. Unlike the normal GUI (Graphical User Interface) where the mouse is used to click buttons and other graphical elements in order to issue commands, we have another interface called the CLI (short for Command-Line Interface) of which the terminal happens to fall under, and it is through the terminal that commands are written to give out a task. Let us take for instance, a shutdown operation. Using the normal way, a user would click a few buttons in order to achieve that. That same task (shutdown) could be carried out with the terminal but within a short amount of time. Since this tutorial is actually not dedicated to the deep stuffs about the terminal, we’ll not go deep into it. But below is just a glance of what a linux terminal looks like.

ubuntu terminal

For the unix and linux users, a terminal is no news because most of the operations on these operating systems require the use of terminals. But for some windows users, it’s a big pool of confusion and fear. Windows terminals have proven to be insufficient as it is very inefficient and slow in accomplishing some computational and development task. But in recent times, developers have contributed to developing terminal tools to aid windows users and developers complete their computational and development task with ease. So lets get straight into it. We’ll not be using windows’ default terminal (command prompt) but a terminal tool called cmder (commander). But first We’ll need to install it. Cmder is a software package created out of pure frustration over the absence of nice and efficient console emulators on Windows. It is based on amazing software, and spiced up with the Monokai color scheme and a custom prompt layout, looking sexy from the start. Follow the instructions below to install Cmder.

Go to this link -> https://cmder.net/ and scroll down till you see something like the picture below

cmder download page

N.B: There are two options to download from namely the Mini and Full. If you choose the Mini, you would have limited features and would have to install git with cmder manually (don’t worry, will show you how very soon). But if you choose the full setup with git, then you don’t need to install git again. In this case it is recommended to go in for the full version.
After hitting the download button, Wait for it to finish downloading
After downloading, you have to extract the zipped file into the Program Files directory in your local C drive.
If you don’t have an extraction tool or software for the extraction, I recommend winrar.
Before you extract the files into your Program Files, you first have to create a new folder in the Program Files directory. Let’s do that together.
First open a new file explorer
click on This PC located on the left pane of your file explorer
Double click on Local Disk (C:) to open
locate Program Files and launch it (it’s just Program Files not Program Files (x86))
After opening the Program Files directory, create a new folderyou can create a new folder by simply using the shortcut Ctrl+Shift+n or using the GUI way which is right clicking on an empty space in the directory (folder), selecting new and then folder. Grant administrative permissions if you are being asked by your computer by clicking yes, continue or ok.
Now rename that folder to any name you want. But due to pratical reasons, I recommend you name it commander
To rename a folder, you have to right click on that folder and choose rename from the pop-up menu. After selecting rename, type the name you want to give to your folder and press enter
Now that we are done creating our folder in the Program Files directory, Its time to extract the cmder zipped files to our commander folder,
Locate the cmder downloaded zipped file. (Which should be in your downloads directory or folder.).
After locating it, right click on it and select Open with WinRAR (if only you have winrar installed)

After opening with winrar, you should see something like this

After opening cmder with winrar, go back to your program files directory and open the commander folder we created.

Now open the cmder zipped folder and the commander folder side by side on your windows
Now highlight all the files and folders in the cmder winrar directory

To highlight on your windows, press and hold the left button of your mouse and drag the mouse over the object you want to hightlight
After highlighting all the files and folders in the cmder winrar directory, drag all the files and folders and drop it into the commander folder (which is opened by the side of the cmder winrar directory). After droping the files and folders into the commander folder, your should see something like this

since we are extracting to the commander directory which is located in the Program Files directory in our Local Disk (C:), we may need to grant administrative rights. To do this, click on Do this for all current items, click on continue and wait for it to complete the extraction

After the extraction you should see these bunch of files and folders in your commander directory
Now double click on the cmder icon in the commander directory to begin the installation
After launching cmder, cmder will begin to run some script for the installation

We finally now have a very powerful and cool terminal on our windows that we can use to perform command line tasks.

You might want to do this

Some of you might realize that after you install cmder and try to find it by searching it name in your windows search box, it’s nowhere to be found on your windows.

It is on your windows alright but you just have to do a couple of configurations to make it searchable. Like editing your environment variables or pinning it to your start menu. The formal is quite complicated for beginners so we will focus on the latter. To make cmder searchable on your windows, just follow these simple steps to get it done

Navigate to the commander folder which contains the extracted cmder files and launch it (which is located in your Program Files directory which is also located in your C local disk)
After launching it, locate and right click on the cmder icon

click on Pin to Start from the pop-up menu
Now go to your start menu and you will now find cmder in there

Good job! Cmder is now searchable on your windows. You can confirm that by doing a quick search in your windows search box

BOUNUS ROUND

The cmder terminal also has some cool settings that you can play around with. You can alter changes to the font, the color scheme, font family, font style etc. To access these settings, you have to right click on either the top-most or bottom section of your terminal and click on settings.

In the pop-up dialog box, you can make a couple of changes and select “save settings” after you are done.

Since we are not focusing on altering changes to cmder in this blog post, we won’t dive further. But you can make your own changes to suit your taste and preference.

:-) Good luck on your new journey with your cool windows terminal

Interface (CLI and GUI)

CODETOPIA-COMMUNITY — Sat, 19 Jun 2021 00:06:55 +0000

What is an interface?

An interface is a shared boundary through which two devices, objects or components communicate which each other or exchange information. So with this explanation, you can simply conclude that your monitor is an example of an interface because without your monitor, you might find it very difficult communicating with your computer in terms of playing graphical games, finding files, playing music, checking your CPU performance etc. So the monitor in this case is the shared boundary between you the computer user and the computer itself.

User Interface

The term interface can be any shared boundary between two machines or components with no human involvement. But when humans come into the picture, that's when the term User interface comes into play. That is, the shared boundary between a user and a computer system or machine. There are so many types of User interfaces but just to mention a few, we have

menu-base interface
form-base interface
Command Line interface
Graphical User interface

but we are interested in just two of them from the menu above which are Command Line interface and Graphical User interface.

Command Line Interface (CLI)

In the command line interface, users are only allowed to use the console which is the keyboard and monitor. Users only have to enter some simple commands like ls on unix and linux terminals and dir in windows command prompt and the terminal will just list the files and folders in the directory (folder).

running ls command on ubuntu (WSL)

running dir command on windows command prompt
Since this post is just about introducing you to interface, we are not going to dive into any of the commands. I will do that in another blog post soon.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

The graphical user interface is a form of user interface that allows computer users to interact and communicate with their computers, machines or programs through graphical icons, animations, indicators, audios etc.

windows file explorer

The above image (windows file explorer) is an example of a graphical user interface because you can manipulate files and folders by interacting with icons. If you want to open a file or folder, all what you need to do is double or single click on that particular file and it will open. There is nothing like entering commands in the windows file explorer unless the situation calls for it.

github website

A website can also be classified as a GUI because in the same way, you can interact with sections on the web by just clicking on icons, texts and pictures. If you want to sign up, you just simply have to click on sign up on the webpage and you are in. There is no entering of commands required.
So there you go, I hope you now know the difference between a GUI (Graphical User interface) and a CLI (Command Line Interface). You can also check out this video to get the practical feel of it

YouTube:

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