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    <title>DEV Community: Deborah Espíndola</title>
    <description>The latest articles on DEV Community by Deborah Espíndola (@debespindola).</description>
    <link>https://dev.to/debespindola</link>
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      <title>DEV Community: Deborah Espíndola</title>
      <link>https://dev.to/debespindola</link>
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      <title>Mary Kenneth Keller</title>
      <dc:creator>Deborah Espíndola</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Dec 2022 14:11:15 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/debespindola/mary-kenneth-keller-3pj1</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/debespindola/mary-kenneth-keller-3pj1</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;This content was originally created on my personal social media with the purpose of making my biggest inspirations known to those who are not in the IT area and probably never heard of important scientists and programmers that impacted their lives through their contributions. In this article I'd like to talk about one of my biggest inspirations as a christian and woman in STEM field: Mary Kenneth Keller.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--n7bGVaSt--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/5fd4unakd0prcjlos5np.png" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--n7bGVaSt--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/5fd4unakd0prcjlos5np.png" alt="Image of Mary Kenneth Keller" width="306" height="430"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mary was born in Cleveland, Ohio, on December 17, 1913. When she was around 18, she entered the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--MQoo3Mhc--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/uwsafqage3kpx0hw27tb.jpg" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--MQoo3Mhc--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/uwsafqage3kpx0hw27tb.jpg" alt="Image of Mary Kenneth Keller" width="880" height="1173"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In 1943 Mary completed her B.S. in Mathematics from DePaul University in Chicago, where later she would conquer her Master's degree in Mathematics and Physics. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--7pcEce3e--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/n3ca83rghbienffrva7m.jpg" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--7pcEce3e--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/n3ca83rghbienffrva7m.jpg" alt="Image of Mary Kenneth Keller" width="880" height="597"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In 1958 she started working on a workshop at Darmouth University, which at the time was exclusively for men, but an exception was made so that the sister could be part of the project.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At this university, he was part of the creation of the &lt;strong&gt;BASIC&lt;/strong&gt; programming language, together with John George Kemeny, Thomas Eugene Kurtz, in 1964.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--50WMCjr9--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/8c09pim35kdaywanaaai.jpg" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--50WMCjr9--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/8c09pim35kdaywanaaai.jpg" alt="Image of Mary Kenneth Keller" width="880" height="890"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mary earned her Ph.D. in Computer Science in 1965 from Washington University in St. Louis, along with her colleague Irving Tang, who were the first PhD graduates in the field in the country.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--SwsmPVn7--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/lfqm2pfztzuiho43b3q6.jpg" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--SwsmPVn7--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/lfqm2pfztzuiho43b3q6.jpg" alt="Image of Mary Kenneth Keller" width="600" height="484"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;After finishing her PhD, she founded the computer science department at Clarke University, Iowa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Clarke University was a Catholic women-only institution, becoming mixed only in 1979.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mary believed that computer science was a way to improve the quality of education, helping people learn, and believed that computers should be accessible for all.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“We’re having an information explosion, among others and it’s certainly obvious that information is of no use unless it’s available.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--H3AYaRUR--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/8tt9l4936wa6ydrtfrje.jpg" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--H3AYaRUR--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/8tt9l4936wa6ydrtfrje.jpg" alt="Image of Mary Kenneth Keller" width="880" height="550"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;She died in 1985, at the age of 71, in the city of Dubuque,  lowa, leaving behind a great legacy of her great deeds.&lt;/p&gt;

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      <category>history</category>
      <category>computerscience</category>
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    <item>
      <title>Null Object Pattern</title>
      <dc:creator>Deborah Espíndola</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Sun, 20 Mar 2022 20:32:49 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/debespindola/null-object-pattern-m3b</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/debespindola/null-object-pattern-m3b</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;A &lt;em&gt;keyword null&lt;/em&gt; é o que usamos para indicar ausência de valor. O inventor no valor nulo, introduzido no ALGOL, foi Tony Hoare. Hoare se desculpou por ter inventado o valor &lt;em&gt;null&lt;/em&gt; em 2009, chamando esse feito de “meu erro um bilhão de dólares”, uma vez que é causado uma confusão quando uma variável declarada como tendo o tipo string, por exemplo, pode também não ser uma string, mas &lt;em&gt;null&lt;/em&gt;. Em muitas linguagens, como é o caso do Typescript, se uma variável puder carregar o valor &lt;em&gt;null&lt;/em&gt; (ou undefined, que possui a mesma ideia para o intuito desse texto), é obrigatório que o programador declare isso. Nesses casos, podemos dizer que a variável é &lt;em&gt;nullable&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O motivo para &lt;em&gt;null&lt;/em&gt; ter o potencial de ser programático é que isso cria mais uma alternativa nos programas, onde algo acontecerá dependendo se a variável for nula ou não. Um exemplo disso, é para o caso de que eu precise utilizar métodos de um tipo. Utilizando JavaScript como exemplo, supondo uma string com o valor ‘Hello, world’ salva na variável “message”, o output para message.substring(0, 5) deve ser a string ‘Hello’. A partir do momento que é possível que “message” seja nula, caso não tratada a possibilidade, isso pode acarretar num erro de execução do projeto, uma vez que “substring” é um método de string, que o valor nulo não possui. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  De forma sintetizada, se algo pode ser &lt;em&gt;null&lt;/em&gt;, é necessário checar se o valor é nulo ou não.
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Apesar do exemplo anterior demonstrar o aumento de complexidade do desenvolvimento de uma aplicação devido a possibilidade do valor nulo, é importante ressaltar a sua importância e por que ele é usado. A principal vantagem do uso do Padrão &lt;em&gt;Null Object&lt;/em&gt; é a possibilidade de considerar diferentes componentes como iguais, de tratá-los da mesma forma. Um exemplo é uma árvore binária, que apesar de existir uma diferença entre os nós comuns e as chamadas folhas (nós sem filhos), podemos tratá-los da mesma forma na hora de construir uma função que retorne todos os nós. Um exemplo disso é utilizando uma função recursiva, onde caso o nó não possua filhos, simplesmente ele não precisa retornar nada, e essa diferenciação é feita utilizando o valor &lt;em&gt;null&lt;/em&gt;. Outro exemplo seria com polimorfismo, onde a super entidade veículo pode possuir o método "ligar", mas que usando o valor nulo não precisamos possuí-lo quando criarmos uma sub entidade bicicleta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--vlZMn1pP--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/jpqq4ycpexuxgolg19fu.png" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--vlZMn1pP--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/jpqq4ycpexuxgolg19fu.png" alt="Imagem de uma árvore binária" width="476" height="289"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Este artigo escrito durante a disciplina IF977 - Engenharia de Software pelos alunos de graduação em Sistemas de Informação pela Universidade Federal de Pernambuco: Deborah Espíndola, Gustavo Henrique Lima, José Edson, Kevin Beltrão e Liliane Carla&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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      <category>engenhariadesoftware</category>
      <category>nullobject</category>
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