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    <title>DEV Community: Syed Ghani</title>
    <description>The latest articles on DEV Community by Syed Ghani (@dev_syed_ghani).</description>
    <link>https://dev.to/dev_syed_ghani</link>
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      <title>DEV Community: Syed Ghani</title>
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      <title>I built rails-persona — behavioral analytics for Rails with zero external services</title>
      <dc:creator>Syed Ghani</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Sun, 31 May 2026 16:35:04 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/dev_syed_ghani/i-built-rails-persona-behavioral-analytics-for-rails-with-zero-external-services-c7k</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/dev_syed_ghani/i-built-rails-persona-behavioral-analytics-for-rails-with-zero-external-services-c7k</guid>
      <description>&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  The problem
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Every SaaS app eventually needs to answer the same questions:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Which features do my users actually use?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Who are my most active users?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;When did a user last do something meaningful?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Which users are going inactive?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The typical answer is "add Mixpanel" or "set up Segment." But that means:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sending your user data to a third party&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Paying for another service&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adding a JS snippet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Learning another dashboard&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For most Rails apps, this is overkill. The data you need is already in your database.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  What I built
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;rails-persona&lt;/strong&gt; is a Ruby gem that adds model-level behavioral analytics directly to your ActiveRecord models. No external services, no JS, no cookies — just your own database.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight ruby"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="k"&gt;class&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nc"&gt;User&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="no"&gt;ApplicationRecord&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class="kp"&gt;include&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="no"&gt;Persona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;::&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="no"&gt;Trackable&lt;/span&gt;

  &lt;span class="n"&gt;persona&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;do&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="n"&gt;track&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ss"&gt;:login&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="n"&gt;track&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ss"&gt;:export_report&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="n"&gt;track&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ss"&gt;:view_dashboard&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="n"&gt;track&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ss"&gt;:upgrade_plan&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class="k"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="k"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Then track actions anywhere in your app:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight ruby"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;current_user&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;track!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ss"&gt;:login&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="n"&gt;current_user&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;track!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ss"&gt;:upgrade_plan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ss"&gt;metadata: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ss"&gt;plan: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s2"&gt;"pro"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ss"&gt;amount: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;49&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;})&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;And query behavior instantly:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight ruby"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;user&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;most_frequent_action&lt;/span&gt;       &lt;span class="c1"&gt;# =&amp;gt; :login&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="n"&gt;user&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;inactive_since?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;span class="c1"&gt;# =&amp;gt; false&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="n"&gt;user&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;persona_summary&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;span class="c1"&gt;# =&amp;gt; { login: 42, export_report: 5 }&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="n"&gt;user&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;daily_activity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;          &lt;span class="c1"&gt;# =&amp;gt; { "2024-05-28" =&amp;gt; 4, "2024-05-29" =&amp;gt; 7 }&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="n"&gt;user&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;peak_hour&lt;/span&gt;                  &lt;span class="c1"&gt;# =&amp;gt; 14  (2pm)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="no"&gt;User&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;persona_leaderboard&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;span class="c1"&gt;# =&amp;gt; top 10 most active users&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;






&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  How it's different from ahoy
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://github.com/ankane/ahoy" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;ahoy&lt;/a&gt; is a great gem but it solves a different problem — it tracks HTTP visits and page views. rails-persona tracks what users &lt;strong&gt;do&lt;/strong&gt; inside your app at the model level.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="table-wrapper-paragraph"&gt;&lt;table&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;ahoy&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;rails-persona&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Focus&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;HTTP visits + page views&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Model actions + behavior&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Needs JS&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Async built-in&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Yes (Sidekiq)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Bulk tracking&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Yes (insert_all!)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Class leaderboards&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Works on any model&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Awkward&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;First-class&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Key features
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Async tracking&lt;/strong&gt; — never slow down a request:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight ruby"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="no"&gt;Persona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;configure&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;do&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;|&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;config&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;|&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class="n"&gt;config&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;async&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kp"&gt;true&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span class="c1"&gt;# fires a Sidekiq job&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="k"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bulk tracking&lt;/strong&gt; — uses insert_all! under the hood:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight ruby"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;user&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;bulk_track!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;([&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ss"&gt;:login&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ss"&gt;:view_dashboard&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ss"&gt;:export_report&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Open tracking&lt;/strong&gt; — skip the whitelist entirely:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight ruby"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;persona&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;do&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class="n"&gt;open_tracking!&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span class="c1"&gt;# any string is valid&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="k"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data pruning&lt;/strong&gt; — keep your DB clean:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight ruby"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="no"&gt;Persona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;configure&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;do&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;|&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;config&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;|&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class="n"&gt;config&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;max_events_per_record&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;500&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class="n"&gt;config&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;auto_prune_after_days&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;90&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="k"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Works on any model&lt;/strong&gt; — not just User:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight ruby"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="k"&gt;class&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nc"&gt;Post&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="no"&gt;ApplicationRecord&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class="kp"&gt;include&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="no"&gt;Persona&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;::&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="no"&gt;Trackable&lt;/span&gt;

  &lt;span class="n"&gt;persona&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;do&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="n"&gt;track&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ss"&gt;:viewed&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="n"&gt;track&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ss"&gt;:shared&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="n"&gt;track&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ss"&gt;:bookmarked&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class="k"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="k"&gt;end&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class="no"&gt;Post&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;persona_class_summary&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span class="c1"&gt;# =&amp;gt; { viewed: 50_420, shared: 890 }&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;






&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Installation
&lt;/h2&gt;



&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight ruby"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="c1"&gt;# Gemfile&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="n"&gt;gem&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s2"&gt;"rails-persona"&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;





&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;bundle &lt;span class="nb"&gt;install
&lt;/span&gt;rails db:migrate
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;






&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Why I built this
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I was the sole engineer on a production SaaS called CinnaLab PRM — an AI-powered Partner Relationship Management platform. I kept wanting to know things like "which users are using the partner portal vs ignoring it?" and "who's about to churn based on inactivity?"&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I didn't want to set up Mixpanel for an internal SaaS. I just wanted to query my own database. rails-persona is what I wish had existed.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Links
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;GitHub: &lt;a href="https://github.com/sghani001/rails-persona" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;github.com/sghani001/rails-persona&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;RubyGems: &lt;a href="https://rubygems.org/gems/rails-persona" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;rubygems.org/gems/rails-persona&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you try it, I'd love feedback — open an issue or leave a comment below!&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>rails</category>
      <category>ruby</category>
      <category>opensource</category>
      <category>webdev</category>
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