DEV Community: Pham Lentz

Link Examination in between Belly Microbiota along with Metabolites in kids with Wide spread Lupus Erythematosus.

Pham Lentz — Mon, 27 Jan 2025 09:02:18 +0000

Van der Woude syndrome (VWS), an autosomal dominant condition associated with clefts of the lip and/or palate and lower lip pits, is caused by mutations in interferon regulatory factor 6 gene. It is reported to be the most common syndromic cleft worldwide. This case series presents the phenotypic characteristics and treatment outcomes in a group of 9 patients diagnosed with VWS.

A retrospective review was performed on records of patients given a diagnosis of VWS presenting to the Department of Plastic Surgery of Sohag University between July 2009 and November 2019. Data analyses included age and sex of affected patients, type of the cleft, associated anomalies, presence of lower lip pits, and history of lower lip pits/cleft in the family and treatment outcomes.

The study identified 9 patients (male = 2, female = 7). Age at first presentation ranged between 1 week and 7 years (mean = 1.3 years). Four patients had bilateral cleft lip and palate and 1 patient had unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), whery palatal surgeries for velopharyngeal insufficiency in patients with VWS; this warrant further studies including control group of nonsyndromic cleft patients.Background Chronic wounds remain a challenge for the clinician and healthcare system. It is therefore vital for additional therapies that target steps involved in wound recalcitrance. Recently, topical timolol has shown promising results for use in wound healing. Objective The goal of this study was to assess timolol’s effectiveness in healing wounds of varying etiologies. Methods This multi-center series took place from 2016¬–2019 at the wound healing centers at the University of Miami Health System and the Veterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare. DJ4 ic50 We identified all wound patients who received treatment with topical timolol maleate 0.5% for at least 4 weeks after failing previous treatments. Timolol drops at a dose of 1 drop per cm2 of wound area were instilled with dressing changes twice a day, once a day, every other day, or continuous application. Once they began the study, they stopped all concurrent therapies aside from standard of care. Healing outcomes were classified into 3 categories healed, defined as complete re-epithelialization of the wound and closure, improved, defined as decreasing wound size area (WSA), and worsening, defined as increasing WSA. Results We identified 39 patients, 32 males and 7 females that had a total of 55 chronic wounds of varying etiologies. Thirty-four of the wounds had completely healed, 15 wounds improved in WSA, 4 wounds were unchanged in WSA, and 2 wounds worsened in WSA. Conclusions In line with our previous experience, we found topical timolol to be a safe, cost-effective, and efficacious treatment for recalcitrant wounds of varying etiologies.Access to health information online has resulted in increased internet use to !nd medical education resources.1,2 The United States (US) population is comprised of 60.1% Whites, 18.5% Hispanics or Latinos, 13.4% Blacks or African Americans, with trends toward increasing diversity. Our objectives were to analyze skin color distributions on the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) public education website.
Few studies have assessed the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers for rejuvenating the hands and décolletage. VYC-17.5L is an HA filler with physical properties that may be well suited to these areas.

This was a prospective study of females undergoing VYC-17.5L treatment in the dorsum of both hands and the décolletage. All had ageing of the hands rated 3–4 on the Allergan Hand Volume Deficit Scale (AHVDS), and of the décolletage rated 3–5 using the Fabi–Bolton Chest Wrinkle Scale (FBCWS). Patients were initially treated with VYC-17.5L up to a maximum of 1.5 mL per hand and 3.0 mL in the décolletage; VYC-17.5L touch up was allowed at 1 month. Subjects were followed up for 12 months. The primary endpoint was the number of responders in each hand and the décolletage at 6 months, defined as a ≥ 1-point improvement on AHVDS or FBCWS.

Thirty-three patients were enrolled (mean age, 56.6 ± 9.9 years). Six-month response rates were 100% in each hand (AHVDS) and 96.9% in the décolletage (FBCWS). Mean improvements were statistically significant at all three sites (P<0.001). At 6 months, patient satisfaction using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale was high 81.3% rated their right and left hands as ‘improved’ or ‘much improved’; 65.6% rated their décolletage this way. Results were durable out to 12 months for all endpoints. There were no unexpected safety findings.

VYC-17.5L was effective and safe for correction of skin depressions of the hands and décolletage. J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(12) doi10.36849/JDD.2020.5524.
VYC-17.5L was effective and safe for correction of skin depressions of the hands and décolletage. J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(12) doi10.36849/JDD.2020.5524.
Elastin is an essential component of the dermis, providing skin with elasticity and integrity. Elastin and other dermal components are gradually lost through aging, sun damage, and following injury, highlighting a need to replace these components to repair the skin. Tropoelastin (TE) in monomeric form was previously shown to be utilized as a substrate by dermal fibroblasts during the production of elastin fibers in vitro.

To analyze coaccumulation of elastin and collagen and gene expression of biomarkers associated with elastin production, examine the ex vivo effects of recombinant human TE (rhTE) and hyaluronic acid (HA) on epidermal and dermal structures, and evaluate the in vivo response following intradermal injections of rhTE and HA.

Human dermal fibroblasts and 3-D skin patch models were cultured for in vitro analysis. Ex vivo analysis was performed using skin explants. In vivo studies were done in 6-week-old male CD Hairless rats. Different formulations of rhTE, soluble or crosslinked using derivatized HA (dHA), were tested and analyzed.

rhTE in monomeric form was utilized as a substrate by dermal fibroblasts during the production of branched elastin and fibrous collagen networks in vitro. Formulations of rhTE crosslinked with dHA demonstrated increased expression of hyaluronic acid synthase 1 and ex vivo results revealed increased moisture content and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) deposition versus dermal filler control. Intradermal rhTE‒dHA injection produced colocalized human‒rat elastin fibers in vivo.

These results suggest that the novel rhTE‒dHA matrix is an attractive material to support skin tissue repair.J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(12) doi10.36849/JDD.2020.5375.
These results suggest that the novel rhTE‒dHA matrix is an attractive material to support skin tissue repair.J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(12) doi10.36849/JDD.2020.5375.DJ4 ic50

Serious liver disease brought on by the Chinese language natural product Qibao Meiran Wan: an incident research.

Pham Lentz — Sun, 26 Jan 2025 09:27:58 +0000

There was no recurrence. According to the numeric rating scale (NRS), mean postoperative pain (acute pain) was 6.5 and 5.7 points in the suture and N-Hexyl Cyanoacrylate glue groups respectively, with significant difference (P=0.006). Mean duration of surgery was 73.3 and 64.5min in the suture and N-Hexyl cyanoacrylate glue groups respectively, with significant difference (P=0.014). Complications, hospital stay days, and chronic pain did not differ across the groups (P>0.05).

Mesh fixation with N-Hexyl cyanoacrylate glue in hernia repair with the Lichtenstein method can lower postoperative pain and duration of surgery and this product might be used as a substitute for suture.
Mesh fixation with N-Hexyl cyanoacrylate glue in hernia repair with the Lichtenstein method can lower postoperative pain and duration of surgery and this product might be used as a substitute for suture.Trace element pollution in the marine system is a global concern as the exposure of marine organisms to this pollution results in bioaccumulation and further transfer of the trace elements to humans through food chain. In the present study, the distribution of trace elements, namely chromium, cobalt, nickel, iron, copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead, in gills, bone, liver, and muscle of eight commercially important fish collected along the southeast coast of India was analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The liver was the main organ of accumulation for copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury; bone for chromium, cobalt, and lead; gills for copper; and muscle for arsenic and mercury. The concentration of toxic trace elements such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in the edible portion of fish was lower than the recommended International Legislation limits, indicating that the fish of this region are safe for consumption.This study reports on a sediment toxicity test developed with a native amphipod strain of Ptilohyale barbicornis where sediments from 10 estuarine stations along the western coastline of Taiwan were evaluated with respect to trace metals and PAHs. The test was validated by determining dose-response relationships for aqueous copper, and cadmium and sodium dodecyl sulfate as well as copper-spiked sediment, showing a sensitivity of P. barbicornis indicating its capability serving as a toxicity test species. A significant negative correlation between growth effects after 28 days of exposure to field-collected contaminated sediments and PAHs concentrations was observed. Similarly, the chronic toxicity test showed that growth was mostly inhibited compared to controls, body lengths in particular being significantly different from controls (p less then 0.05). Various estuarine sediment pollutants in the quality guidelines can be further evaluated using P. BAF312 chemical structure barbicornis to understand their comprehensive biological effects and ecological risks.The present study documents, for the first time, the ingestion of microplastics (MPs) by Longnose stingrays in the Western Atlantic Ocean. We examined 23 specimens of Hypanus guttatus from the Brazilian Amazon coast and found microplastic particles in the stomach contents of almost a third of the individuals. Fibers were the most frequent item (82%), blue was the most frequent color (47%) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) was the most frequent polymer recorded (35%), as identified by 2D imaging - Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The ingestion of microplastics by Longnose stingray has not been previously recorded. The findings of the present study thus provide an important baseline for future studies of microplastic ingestion by dasyatid rays and other batoid species in the Atlantic Ocean, and contribute to the broader understanding of the spatial and temporal dimensions of the growing problem of plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems and organisms.
Low- and middle-income countries like Uganda face a severe shortage of pediatric surgeons. Most children with a surgical emergency are treated by nonspecialist rural providers. We describe the design and implementation of a locally driven, pilot pediatric emergency surgical care course to strengthen skills of these providers. This is the first description of such a course in the current literature.

The course was delivered three times from 2018 to 2019. Modules include perioperative management, neonatal emergencies, intestinal emergencies, and trauma. A baseline needs assessment survey was administered. Participants in the second and third courses also took pre and postcourse knowledge-based tests.

Forty-five providers representing multiple cadres participated. Participants most commonly perform hernia/hydrocele repair (17% adjusted rating) in their current practice and are least comfortable managing cleft lip and palate (mean Likert score 1.4 ± 0.9). Equipment shortage was identified as the most significant challenge to delivering pediatric surgical care (24%). Scores on the knowledge tests improved significantly from pre- (55.4% ± 22.4%) to postcourse (71.9% ± 14.0%, p < 0.0001).

Nonspecialist clinicians are essential to the pediatric surgical workforce in LMICs. Short, targeted training courses can increase provider knowledge about the management of surgical emergencies. The course has spurred local surgical outreach initiatives. Further implementation studies are needed to evaluate the impact of the training.

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Previous reports in the literature demonstrate racial and ethnic disparities for children diagnosed with acute appendicitis, with minorities experiencing worse outcomes. At our institution, we have developed an evidence based patient driven protocol for children following laparoscopic appendectomy. However, the influence of such protocol on mitigating racial and ethnic disparities in outcomes remains unknown. The purpose of our study is to assess the impact of our protocol by evaluating the influence of race and ethnicity on surgical outcomes among children treated for acute appendicitis.

A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted. Children undergoing a laparoscopic appendectomy at our freestanding children's hospital between December 2015 and July 2017 were included. Demographic data, post-operative length of stay, same day discharge rates and hospital readmission rates were abstracted from patient medical records. Patients were classified by their race and ethnic background. Comparative analysis was performed in STATA with a p value <.BAF312 chemical structure

Intracranial Dislocation in the Mandibular Condyle: A Case Statement along with Novels Review.

Pham Lentz — Tue, 21 Jan 2025 09:10:55 +0000

To analyze gender differences in personal and professional demographics, job perceptions and work satisfaction between male and female pediatric dentistry academic leaders in the United States and Canada.

A 40-question survey was sent electronically to department chairs requesting information about demographics, current circumstances of the position, professional history, and opinions about the position. Data was analyzed by the sex of the respondent.

Eighty-eight surveys were distributed electronically and 55 chairs responded (response rate 62.5%). Women comprised 29.5% of the sample, were younger and had less leadership training than men. Men had served longer in the position (t(41)=2.02, p=0.05) and had higher ranking academic titles. Women spent more time managing personnel (p=0.026), creating courses and programs (p=0.029), and teaching (p=0.006) than men. Female chairs perceived to have a difficult relationship with the faculty (p=0.027), felt they received less faculty support (p=0.002), and were significantly more dissatisfied in the job (p=0.037). Men were more stressed about a heavy workload than women (p=0.001).

Gender was significantly related to the demographics, experience, perceptions of the skills and abilities required for job performance, time management and job satisfaction for pediatric dentistry department chairs in American and Canadian institutions.
Gender was significantly related to the demographics, experience, perceptions of the skills and abilities required for job performance, time management and job satisfaction for pediatric dentistry department chairs in American and Canadian institutions.
To 1) examine the fluoride concentrations in commercial child formula dentifrices (CFD)s; and 2) investigate the effect of arginine incorporation in CFDs on fluoride bioavailability.

Five commercial CFDs were examined for fluoride concentrations. Total, total soluble, and insoluble fluorides in CFDs were determined by the modified Taves acid-diffusion method (TAD). Ionic F and MFP were estimated by modified direct method with standard addition technique. L-arginine (L-Arg)/L-arginine monohydrochloride (L-Arg.HCl) were incorporated at 2% w/w in the commercial CFDs. The pH of the toothpaste slurries, buffer capacity of the added Arg, potentially available fluorides (PAF) and 1-min PAF by TAD were determined.

The CFDs had 4 to 32% of insoluble fluorides. Addition of L-Arg/L-Arg.HCl significantly improved the fluoride bioavailability in CFDs (p<0.05). Incorporation of L-Arg significantly increased the pH of toothpaste slurries (p<0.05); while L-Arg.HCl decreased the pH. Principal component analysis showed that L-Arg.HCl decreased the pH of toothpaste slurries due to the presence of Cl in the form of HCl; whereas the inherent elements/molecules (Na/P/Pi/F) remain distinct with unidentified influence on the variables.

The CFDs containing NaF only have higher concentrations of bioavailable fluoride. Incorporating arginine (L-arginine or L-arginine monohydrochloride) at 2% w/w improves fluoride bioavailability of the child formula dentifrices.
The CFDs containing NaF only have higher concentrations of bioavailable fluoride. Incorporating arginine (L-arginine or L-arginine monohydrochloride) at 2% w/w improves fluoride bioavailability of the child formula dentifrices.There is limited evidence concerning the association between radiation exposure and ovarian cancer. We evaluated radiation risk of ovarian cancer between 1958 and 2009 among 62,534 female atomic bomb survivors in the Life Span Study cohort, adding 11 years of follow-up from the previously reported study. Poisson regression methods were used to estimate excess relative risk per Gy (ERR/Gy) for total ovarian cancer and according to tumor type. We assessed the modifying effect of follow-up period and other factors on the radiation risk. We ascertained 288 first primary ovarian cancers including 77 type 1 epithelial cancers, 75 type 2 epithelial cancers, 66 epithelial cancers of undetermined type and 70 other cancers. Radiation dose was positively, although not significantly, associated with risk of total ovarian cancer [ERR/Gy = 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.22 to 1.11]. There was a suggestion of heterogeneity in radiation effects (P = 0.08) for type 1 (ERR/Gy = -0.32, 95% CI less then -0.32 to 0.88) and type 2 cancers (ERR/Gy = 1.24, 95% CI -0.08 to 4.16). There were no significant trends in the ERR with time since exposure or age at exposure. Further follow-up will help characterize more accurately the patterns of radiation risk for total ovarian cancer and its types.
Austere clinical settings, including remote military installations, face unique challenges in screening pregnant women for aneuploidy. The objective of this study was to compare the direct and indirect prenatal costs of traditional 2-part serum-based screening to cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for detection of trisomies 18 and 21 for a military treatment facility with limited in-house perinatal resources.

We identified Naval Hospital Guantanamo Bay as a surrogate for an austere clinical environment. A prenatal cost of care analysis incorporating direct and indirect expenses was performed to compare the 2 aneuploidy screening strategies for a theoretical cohort of 100 patients for detection of trisomies 18 and 21. The baseline aneuploidy uptake rate was determined using a historical cohort. Test performance characteristics were obtained from the contracting laboratory. Aneuploidy rates and costs were calculated using previously published data.

Assuming a baseline screen uptake rate of 87%, initial screening usingunrecognized aneuploidy.The stromal microenvironment is central to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) pathogenesis. How leukemic cells condition the stroma to enhance its chemoattractant properties remains elusive. Here we show that mouse and human CLL cells promote the contact-independent stromal expression of homing chemokines. This function was strongly enhanced in leukemic cells from Em-TCL1 mice lacking the pro-oxidant p66Shc adaptor, which develop an aggressive disease with organ infiltration. We identified Interleukin (IL) -9 as the soluble factor, negatively modulated by p66Shc, responsible for the chemokine-elevating activity of leukemic cells on stromal cells. IL-9 blockade in Em-TCL1/p66Shc-/- mice resulted in a decrease in the nodal expression of homing chemokines, which correlated with decreased leukemic cell invasiveness. find more IL-9 levels were found to inversely correlate with residual p66Shc in the p66Shc-deficient human CLL cells (n=52 patients). p66Shc reconstitution in CLL cells normalized IL-9 expression and neutralized their chemokine-elevating activity.find more

Higher appearance regarding chaos regarding differentiation 276 indicates bad diagnosis inside glioma.

Pham Lentz — Mon, 20 Jan 2025 09:15:38 +0000

To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of liver-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium-containing contrast agent guidance for microwave ablation (MWA) of recurrent small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

The Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University approved this study. Eighteen patients presented with 30 recurrent small HCCs, at least one lesion per patient was undetectable on unenhanced MRI, but this was clearly demonstrated in the hepatobiliary phase after liver-specific MRI contrast agent administration. Gd-BOPTA (16 cases) or Gd-EOB-DTPA (2 cases) were injected half an hour before the procedure, and MWA was performed by percutaneous puncture of the target lesion with a magnetic resonance-compatible microwave antenna under 1.5 T MRI guidance.

The technical success rate was 100%. The mean maximum diameter of the lesions was 9.7 ± 2.8 mm (5.0-15.4 mm). The mean follow-up time was 11.6 ± 4.7 months (range, 4-19 months), and no local recurrence was observed.

MWA of small HCCs guided by enhanced liver-specific MRI contrast agent is a safe and effective technique.
MWA of small HCCs guided by enhanced liver-specific MRI contrast agent is a safe and effective technique.The single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 GIBB study (NCT02320487) investigated bendamustine plus obinutuzumab (BG) in previously untreated CLL. Patients (N = 102) received six cycles of intravenous obinutuzumab (cycle [C] 1 100 mg day 1/900 mg day 2, and 1000 mg days 8/15; C2-6 1000 mg day 1) plus bendamustine (C1 90 mg/m2 days 2/3; C2-6 days 1/2). Complete response (CR), the primary endpoint, was 50%, overall response 89%. Estimated 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 86% and 97%, respectively. Following initial minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity, median MRD negativity duration was 28.9 months. Undetectable MRD ( less then 10-4) was observed in up to 83% of evaluable patients in peripheral blood (any time) and 59% in bone marrow at response evaluation. Most common grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) were neutropenia (25%; 5% febrile) and infusion-related reactions (9%). BG proved clinically active in CLL with high response, MRD negativity, and survival rates, consistent with other first-line studies of anti-CD20 antibody/bendamustine combinations.
After failure of diet and exercise prescribed for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pharmacotherapy initiation is recommended. The objective of this study was to examine the association between provider type and timing of pharmacotherapy initiation.

This was a retrospective cohort study of women with a singleton pregnancy and diagnosis of A2GDM (GDM requiring pharmacotherapy) delivering in a tertiary care center between 2009 and 2019. Variables including maternal demographics, GDM characteristics, and provider type (general obstetrician/gynecologists (OBGYN), maternal-fetal medicine (MFM), or endocrinology) were assessed. The percent of abnormal glucose values at pharmacotherapy initiation was compared among provider types via univariable and multivariable analyses.

A total of 428 women were included in the analysis. Eighteen percent were managed by MFM, 54% by general OBGYN, and 28% by endocrinology. Insulin was prescribed in 45.8% of women. In univariable analysis, the percent of abnormal glucose values was higher in women managed by MFMs, compared with general OBGYN and endocrinology (58.0%±25.1, 50.0%±23.1, and 50.3%±26.8, respectively,
= .041). Women started on insulin as first-line pharmacotherapy were more likely to be managed by endocrinology (
< .001). After adjusting for confounding variables, provider type was not significantly associated with percent of abnormal glucose values at pharmacotherapy initiation, but endocrinology was more likely to initiate insulin (aOR = 9.33, 95% CI 4.27-20.39).

Provider type was not associated with percent of elevated glucose values at the time of pharmacotherapy initiation for A2GDM, but it was associated with insulin usage as first-line pharmacotherapy.
Provider type was not associated with percent of elevated glucose values at the time of pharmacotherapy initiation for A2GDM, but it was associated with insulin usage as first-line pharmacotherapy.
To explore correlations between the therapeutic effect of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and histopathological characteristics of uterine fibroids with different Shear Wave Velocity (SWV) values.

A retrospective study was conducted on 36 women (43 fibroids) who had undergone high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) uterine fibroids ablation between January 2019 and January 2020. Preoperative fibroids tissue sections were obtained for histopathological examination. The pathological sections were stained with Masson-trichrome, and were observed and imaged under a Low-power microscope (4 × 10), while the smooth muscle cell (SMC) and collagen fiber content were semi-quantitatively measured. Preoperative fibroid SWV was measured using the Virtual Touch tissue quantification (VTQ) technique. UNC5293 in vivo Within one month after HIFU ablation, all patients had undergone a pelvic cavity MRI examination, which measured the size, volume, and non-perfused volume (NPV) of the fibroids. The formula the ablation rate = NPVrine fibroids with different SWV values.
The Cardiovascular Health Awareness Program (CHAP) was originally developed and evaluated as a community-based cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prevention program in communities where access to family physicians was not a significant issue. Many Canadians now face sub-optimal access to a regular source of primary care. Centralized waiting lists and prioritization based on urgency of medical need were created to address this problem. We aimed to assess the acceptability, CVD risk profile, and potential benefits of offering a modified version of CHAP to adults on the waiting list.

The implementation was conducted in Laval (Canada) between March and June 2016, targeting individuals 40 years of age or older who were registered on the waiting list (GACO) and had a priority code of 3. Participants were invited through a personalized letter to attend sessions in community health centers. During the sessions, participants completed CVD risk profiles, risk of type 2 diabetes questionnaire (CANRISK); had their blood pressure, height and weight as well as waist circumference measured.UNC5293 in vivo

Sensing copy number alternative in next generation sequencing data via diagnostic gene sections.

Pham Lentz — Sat, 18 Jan 2025 08:55:37 +0000

Human immune systems are very complex, and the basis for individual differences in immune phenotypes is largely unclear. One reason is that the phenotype of the immune system is so complex that it is very difficult to describe its features and quantify differences between samples. Epigallocatechin chemical structure To identify the genetic factors that cause individual differences in whole lymphocyte profiles and their changes after vaccination without having to rely on biological assumptions, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS), using cytometry data. Here, we applied computational analysis to the cytometry data of 301 people before receiving an influenza vaccine, and 1, 7, and 90 days after the vaccination to extract the feature statistics of the lymphocyte profiles in a nonparametric and data-driven manner. We analyzed two types of cytometry data measurements of six markers for B cell classification and seven markers for T cell classification. The coordinate values calculated by this method can be treated as feature statistics of the lymphocyte profile. Next, we examined the genetic basis of individual differences in human immune phenotypes with a GWAS for the feature statistics, and we newly identified seven significant and 36 suggestive single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the individual differences in lymphocyte profiles and their change after vaccination. This study provides a new workflow for performing combined analyses of cytometry data and other types of genomics data.Dietary habits represent the main determinant of health. Although extensive research has been conducted to modify unhealthy dietary behaviors across the lifespan, obesity and obesity-associated comorbidities are increasingly observed worldwide. Individually tailored interventions are nowadays considered a promising frontier for nutritional research. In this narrative review, the technologies of importance in a pediatric clinical setting are discussed. The first determinant of the dietary balance is represented by energy intakes matching individual needs. Most emerging studies highlight the opportunity to reconsider the widely used prediction equations of resting energy expenditure. Artificial Neural Network approaches may help to disentangle the role of single contributors to energy expenditure. Artificial intelligence is also useful in the prediction of the glycemic response, based on the individual microbiome. Other factors further concurring to define individually tailored nutritional needs are metabolomics and nutrigenomic. Since most available data come from studies in adult groups, new efforts should now be addressed to integrate all these aspects to develop comprehensive and-above all-effective interventions for children. IMPACT Personalized dietary advice, specific to individuals, should be more effective in the prevention of chronic diseases than general recommendations about diet. Artificial Neural Networks algorithms are technologies of importance in a pediatric setting that may help practitioners to provide personalized nutrition. Other approaches to personalized nutrition, while promising in adults and for basic research, are still far from practical application in pediatrics.
Youth populations with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) exhibit heterogeneity in cardiometabolic health phenotypes. The underlying mechanisms for those differences are still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the whole-blood transcriptome profile (RNA-seq) of children with metabolic healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) and metabolic unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO) phenotypes.

Twenty-seven children with OW/OB (10.1 ± 1.3 years, 59% boys) from the ActiveBrains project were included. MHO was defined as having none of the following criteria for metabolic syndrome elevated fasting glucose, high serum triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high systolic or diastolic blood pressure, while MUO was defined as presenting one or more of these criteria. Inflammatory markers were additionally determined. Total blood RNA was analyzed by 5'-end RNA-sequencing.

Whole-blood transcriptome analysis revealed a distinct pattern of gene expression in children with MHO compared to MUO children. Thirty-two genNA-seq) was identified in children with metabolic healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) compared to metabolic unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO) phenotype. The most relevant genes in understanding the molecular basis underlying the MHO/MUO phenotypes in children could be RREB1, FAM83E, SLC44A1, NRG1, TMC5, CYP3A5, TRIM11, and ADAMTSL2. The identified whole-blood transcriptome profile related to metabolism, mitochondrial, and immune functions contribute to a better understanding of why a subset of the population remains metabolically healthy despite having overweight/obesity.
Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in typically developing (TD) children is associated with adverse cardiovascular effects. As children with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk for SDB, we aimed to compare the cardiovascular effects of SDB in children with DS to those of TD children with and without SDB.

Forty-four children with DS (3-19 years) were age and sex matched with 44 TD children without SDB (TD-) and with 44 TD children with matched severity of SDB (TD+). Power spectral density was calculated from ECG recordings, for low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), total power and the LF/HF ratio.

Children with DS had lower HF power, and higher LF/HF during sleep and when awake. There were no differences between groups for LF power. SpO
nadir, average SpO
drop and SpO
> 4% drop were larger in the DS group compared to the TD+ group (p < 0.05 for all).

Our findings demonstrate significantly reduced parasympathetic activity (reduced HF power) and increased LF/HF (a measure of sympathovaging has adverse effects on autonomic cardiovascular control. The prevalence of sleep disordered breathing is very high in children with Down syndrome; however, studies on the effects on cardiovascular control are limited in this population. This study supports screening and early treatment of sleep disordered breathing in children with Down syndrome.Epigallocatechin chemical structure