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    <title>DEV Community: Fatima Qaisar</title>
    <description>The latest articles on DEV Community by Fatima Qaisar (@fatimaaqaisar).</description>
    <link>https://dev.to/fatimaaqaisar</link>
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      <title>DEV Community: Fatima Qaisar</title>
      <link>https://dev.to/fatimaaqaisar</link>
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      <title>LeetCode Journal # 1</title>
      <dc:creator>Fatima Qaisar</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Sat, 25 Jul 2026 04:21:20 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/fatimaaqaisar/leetcode-journal-1-ja</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/fatimaaqaisar/leetcode-journal-1-ja</guid>
      <description>&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Documenting my daily LeetCode journey here!
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Today's Problem:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  1512. Number of Good Pairs
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  My First Approach
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My initial solution was straightforward: compare every element with every other element and count the pairs where the values are equal and &lt;code&gt;i &amp;lt; j&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight java"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="kd"&gt;class&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nc"&gt;Solution&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="kd"&gt;public&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;numIdenticalPairs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;[]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;nums&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;count&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;

        &lt;span class="k"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;i&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;i&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;nums&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="na"&gt;length&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;++)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;span class="k"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;j&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;j&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;nums&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="na"&gt;length&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;++)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;nums&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;==&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;nums&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;amp;&amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;i&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
                    &lt;span class="n"&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;++;&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class="o"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;span class="o"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="o"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;

        &lt;span class="k"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="o"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="o"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Time Complexity: &lt;code&gt;O(n²)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Space Complexity: &lt;code&gt;O(1)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Why I wanted to optimize it
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This solution checks every possible pair, even though most comparisons don't contribute to the answer. As the input size grows, the number of comparisons increases quadratically.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I realised that I didn't actually need to compare the current element with every previous element. I only needed to know how many times I'd already seen the current number.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;That led me to use a &lt;code&gt;HashMap&lt;/code&gt; to store frequencies. If a number has already appeared &lt;code&gt;k&lt;/code&gt; times, then the current occurrence immediately creates &lt;code&gt;k&lt;/code&gt; new good pairs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This reduces the time complexity from &lt;code&gt;O(n²)&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;O(n)&lt;/code&gt; while trading a small amount of extra space &lt;code&gt;O(n)&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight java"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="kd"&gt;class&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nc"&gt;Solution&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="kd"&gt;public&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;numIdenticalPairs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;[]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;nums&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="nc"&gt;HashMap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nc"&gt;Integer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nc"&gt;Integer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;map&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;new&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nc"&gt;HashMap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;lt;&amp;gt;();&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;result&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="k"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="kt"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;num&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span class="n"&gt;nums&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;){&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;span class="n"&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;map&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="na"&gt;getOrDefault&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;num&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;span class="n"&gt;result&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;+=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;span class="n"&gt;map&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="na"&gt;put&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;num&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;,++&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="o"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
       &lt;span class="k"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;result&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; 
    &lt;span class="o"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="o"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Time Complexity: &lt;code&gt;O(n)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Space Complexity: &lt;code&gt;O(n)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>programming</category>
      <category>leetcode</category>
      <category>java</category>
      <category>beginners</category>
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