DEV Community: anthony AMAJOH

Technical blog on Git and GitHub; how to set up git, creating a repository, making commits, pushing, pulling etc

anthony AMAJOH — Sun, 04 Aug 2024 15:05:14 +0000

GIT
Git is a DevOps tool used for source code management. It is a distributed version control system. It tracks changes in source code during software development. Git allows for multiple developers to collaborate on a project.

GITHUB
Github is a web-based platform for version control using Git. It provides hosting for software development and version control. It facilitates collaboration among developers.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GIT AND GITHUB
Git is a version control system that lets you manage and keep track of your source code history. GitHub is a cloud-based hosting service that lets you manage Git repositories.

GITHUB FEATURES
Some features of Github include but not limited to the following
a. Repository hosting
b. Pull requests for code reviews
c. Issues for bug tracking and feature requests. You can state issues and track actions
d. Github actions for CI/CD

KEY CONCEPTS IN GIT.

i. Repository (Repo)
A Repository is a database containing all project files and their revision history.

ii. Commit
Commit refers to changes made to the repository. Each commit has a unique ID (hash #) with a detailed message explaining what the commit is about

iii. Branch
A parallel version of the repository. You can have more than one branch. They help you create another environment when you want to add a new feature or fix a bug. It allows for separate development paths

iv. Merge
Combining changes from different branches.

v. Clone
Copying a repository to your local environment to work on.

SETTING UP GIT
https://git-scm.com/downloads
https://github.com/signup

1a. Download and install Git from the link below
https://git-scm.com/downloads

b. Sign up on Github using the below link
https://github.com/signup

Configuration After downloading and installing Git. Go to the windows search bar at the bottom left of your system and type in "gitbash". The gitbash terminal will pop up

The first thing we do is to configure the git

a. Set your username.
To set your username, enter the following commands in the gitbash terminal. Then press enter
git config --global user.name "your github username" and press enter

b. Set your email
To set your email, enter the commands below
git config --global user.email "Your registered email with github" and press enter

BASIC GIT COMMANDS
i. Checking Status
git status
This command shows the status of changes made. It shows the added files, and the ones that are yet to be added.

ii. Adding Changes
a. git add (file)
To stage changes for a particlar file
b. git add .
To add all the files that you have made changes to. To stage all changes.

iii. Committing Changes
git commit -m "commit message"

iv. Viewing History
git log
View commit history

v. Branching and Merging
a. Create a new branch
git branch (branch-name)

b. Switching Branches
git checkout (branch-name)
Switch to a specified branch

c. Merging Branches
git merge (branch-name)
Merge changes from the specified from the specified branch into the current branch

WORKING WITH REMOTE REPOSITORIES
Remote repositories are versions of your project that are hosted on the Internet or network somewhere.

Git commands when working with a remote Repository.

i. Adding a Remote Repository
git remote add origin (repository URL)

ii. Pushing Changes
git push origin (branch-name)
Push changes to the remote repository

iii. Pulling Changes
git pull origin (branch-name)
Fetch and merge changes from the remote repository

iv. Fetching Changes
git fetch origin
Fetch changes from the remote repository without merging

CREATING A REPOSITORY, MAKING A COMMIT, PUSHING, PULLING ETC.

Since the user.name and email have been configured already on Git. To create a folder; we enter the command below in gitbash terminal
mkdir GitLaab
This will create project/folder.

Next, you run the command below
cd GitLaab
To change directory. This will take you to the directory you created.

To initialize a new Repository; you enter the following command
git init

The next command will open the project in Visual Studio Code.
code .
This command opens the created folder in Visual Studio Code

For the project, we will try to push a simple index.html file to github.

On Visual Studio Code click on the project folder to open the folder. Then, you open a new file by clicking on the + New file icon beside the project folder and name the newly created file. Since we are working with an html file, we will name it index.html.

The next step is to import and paste the html file in the Newly created file and save.

Next, we open Terminal in VSC by clicking on Terminal and selecting New Terminal.

To view the status, you enter the below command
git status

Next, you run the following command to add all the files you have
git add .

You can run (git status) again to what information you have

You can observe that on running the command; the index file changed color from red to green. This shows that the file has been added.

The next stage is to commit by running the next command.
git commit -m "Adding index.html"

The next thing is to go to Github.com and create a Repository; then, connect the repository to VSC.

To do this, click on the drop down beside the + at the top right of the page; select New Repository.

Give the Repository a name. The Repository can either be Public or Private.

Tick add a README file.This is for documentation

Click 'create Repository'

Go to 'Code'. It is green in color

Copy the Link

Add the copied repository URL to the local machine by entering the following command.
git remote add origin (Repository URL)
This will make the connection between the local machine and Github.

After connecting the local machine and Github, next thing is to push the file to Github with the below command
git push origin master
This will redirect you to signin to your Github account

You can run status command to view the status of the changes.
git status

Go to Github, click on master branch. This will reveal the index.html file that was successfully pushed to Github.

In the same manner, you can add other files to the repository.

Go to VSC, click on the folder and add a New file. Add a README.md file

Enter a text in the README.md file that was created and save.

Run (git status) to see the information you currently have.

git add. To add the file

git commit -m "Adding README.md"

git push origin master
To push the file to Github

To edit, click on the edit pen
a. Edit
b. Commit message
c. Save

git pull origin master
This will pull the changes made from Github to the local machine

BLOG ON HOW TO HOST STATIC WEBSITE ON AZURE BLOB STORAGE

anthony AMAJOH — Fri, 05 Jul 2024 17:30:52 +0000

You will need to download Visual Studio Code. It is a code editor.
It is static because it is fixed i.e.one cannot interact with it.

STEPS
a. Download a sample website and save.
b. Open Visual Studio Code

i. To open Visual Studio Code; search for Visual Studio Code in the search bar at the bottom left, beside the windows icon
ii. Click on file at the top left. See below screenshot

iii. Select open folder from the dropdown to open the folder.

iv. Go to the download folder to select the folder you want to work on.
Click on it and select Folder

v. Click on index.html on visualstudio code to open it

vi. Then, you edit the portions written in white. They are between the tags. Extra care has to be taken so as not to delete or tamper with the codes.
The portions written in white are the things rendering on the page i.e. the things we can see on the page when it is opened on the browser.
After editing, you can now save.

Go to Azure Portal i. Login to Azure ii. Create a Storage Account. Search for Storage Accounts in search bar, and select it

iii. Click on +Create on the top left of the page

iv. Edit the Basic page, leave the others at default. Then, review and create.

After successfully creating the storage account, click on go to Resource.

v. Locate the static website.
The static website can be located by either Clicking on 'capabilities' or by clicking 'Data Management' on left pane as shown below

Data Management
Click on Data Management, then, click on 'Static Website'

vi. After clicking static website; you enable it. Then, you input the index document name and the error document path. Then, you click save.
The index majorly is the root folder; from the index, you can link to other folders.

vii. After saving, an Azure Storage account will be created, as well as the 'Primary Endpoint link', and 'Secondary Endpoint link'. These links when opened on the browser will take you to your website.

viii. Go to Data Storage
Click on Containers. This will open the recently created storage account.
Click on the Azure storage account that was created

ix. Click on the Azure storage account, click 'upload' select the file to be uploaded from the folder. Drag and drop on the Azure storage account. Then, click on upload.

x. To access the website, go to the overview page.
Select Data Management, Click on Static website, and copy the 'Primary Endpoint', and paste it in your browser.

https://anthonywebsite.z19.web.core.windows.net/

HOW TO CREAT AND CONNECT TO A LINUS VM USING A PUBLIC KEY.

anthony AMAJOH — Fri, 21 Jun 2024 06:46:13 +0000

Here are the steps to creating and connecting to Linus VM using a public key.

_Sign in to Azure
Create a Resource Group
Create SSH Public Private Key Pair
Create Virtual Machine
Connect to Virtual Machine.

SIGN IN TO AZURE
To sign to Azure. Type in "portal.azure" on the web browser to open the Azure portal. Enter your email and password on the login page, and sign in.

CREATE A RESOURCE GROUP OR USE AN EXISTING RESOURCE GROUP
To create a Resource: on the search bar, type in virtual machine. Select virtual machine from the dropdown.

Then click on 'Create' and select Azure Virtual Machine.

From the "Create a Virtual Machine" page, create a new Resource Group or select from an existing resource group.

CONFIGURE BASICS
Choose a VM name
Region
Availability Option
Security Type
Image. This refers to the OS. In this case, we are working with Linus OS
Size

CREATE SSH PUBLIC KEY
"Administrator Account"
For Authentication type under "Administrator Account"; select SSH Public Key.
Azure automatically generates an SSH Key Pair and allows you to store it for future use. It is a fast, simple, and secure way to connect to your VM.

Username. A default username is created, this can also be changed.

SSH Public Key Source. A new Key Pair is generated by default. If you already have an existing key pair; select any other suitable option from the dropdown bar.

SSH Key Type. Select RSA SSH format.

Key Pair Name. Automatically named. It is named after the VM with _key (underscore key) added at the end as a "suffix".

Inbound Port Rules
Public Inbound Ports. Allow Selected Ports is selected.

Select Inbound Ports. HTTP(80), and SSH(22)

See attached screenshot

Since we are creating a simple Linus VM; the settings for Disks, Networking, Management, Advance, and Tags will remain at default.
We can go ahead and click "Review and Create". In the future, if and when the need arises; the default settings can be changed in the VM's settings.

After clicking 'Review and Create'; the validation page will come up. See below screenshot

We can then proceed to create the VM by clicking create at the bottom of the page.

A prompt will pop up requesting a download of the Private Key as shown in the screenshot below. Click download and wait while it downloads and deploys. This might take a while, it is downloaded automatically to the download folder

After deployment is completed, click on Go To Resource.

After clicking on 'go to resource', the overview page of the Linux VM will open.

CONNECT TO THE VM
To connect to the VM, open cmd or powershell. Then, type in ssh -i "the path of the downloaded key pair,the generated key pair name.pem" azureusername@ip address and press enter. The screenshot below shows connection to the VM was successful.

After successfully connecting to the VM, you can then, go ahead and install web server and connect to nginx by running sudo commands.

Since this VM is for test purposes; it is important not to leaves the resources running as the idle resources will be incurring costs. It is advisable that we delete the resources.

CREATE A WINDOWS 11 VM ON AZURE.

anthony AMAJOH — Fri, 14 Jun 2024 10:58:08 +0000

Creating a blog post with step-by-step details and screenshots on deploying and connecting to a virtual machine (VM) involves several stages. Outlined below are the various steps involved in deploying a VM.

_STEP 1. Sign to the Azure Portal. _
Access the Azure portal by typing in portal.azure.com in the web browser and sign in with your registered email and password.

STEP 2. Create a Resource.
There are three options to choose from in creating a VM
i. Click on Create a Resource and select Virtual Machine.
ii. Search for VM in the search bar
iii. Click on Virtual Machine on the dashboard.

STEP 3. Configure Basics.
a. Select Subscription, create a resource group, and VM

b. choose a Region and Availability options.
Regions are geographical locations where the VM will be deployed. Regions are selected based on the proximity to the users.
Availability option refers to making provisions for redundancy in case of failures.

c. Select the OS (Windows or Linus)
Go to image and select Windows 11

STEP 4. Choose a VM size
Pick a VM size based on the required CPU, Memory, and Storage.

STEP 5. Configure Setting.
a. Set up Administrator Account.

You confirm and click next (Disks)

Because we are creating a simple VM, we leave all the options at default and click on next (Networking)

b. Configure Networking, Management, and Monitoring Options.

For Networking, Management and Monitoring; the Settings will be on default simply because what we are creating is a simple VM.

Next is Advanced

Next is Tags
The importance of Tags is that it helps organize your resources so that you can easily trace and organize them.

STEP 6. Review and create.
Review the configuration and create the VM.

The screenshot above is showing Validation passed. Validation passed means you can go ahead and create your VM. If it says otherwise or an error message, it simply means you have to go back and correct the error.

STEP 7. Create
To create the VM, you click on create at the bottom of the page.

After clicking create, it will bring up the page below showing that deployment is in progress. This might take a while. Usually, it takes a few minutes. It will show a list of other resources created alongside the VM

After deployment has been completed as shown below, you click on 'Go to Resource'

The next page that comes up shows an overview of the VM created. The name of the VM created, the properties, the operating system, the size, the location, the public IP address etc

STEP 8. Connect
To connect to the VM created, you click on connect as shown in the image below.

After connecting, you then download and open the RDP file.

After downloading and opening the RDP, you will get a prompt to login with your password. You input your password and then, you connect.