DEV Community: Galyna Chekan

Software refactoring

Galyna Chekan — Tue, 09 Apr 2019 10:00:25 +0000

Software decays over time. Not like a piece of fruit, rotting from inside, but due to lack of updates implemented to it; the updates IT environment imposes on all its residents. Such a phenomenon, also known as software aging, is preventable by numerous measures, one of which is code refactoring – the topic of today’s article.

_ They say don’t fix it unless it’s broken. We say update it before it’s old. _

And here’s how:

What is code refactoring?

Code refactoring means restructuring your existing code, in a way that improves the internal structure but doesn’t change its external behavior. This complex procedure is aimed at modernizing software. It is typically used to increase the system’s maintainability, enhance performance, scalability, security and so on. If performed well, it can help developers discover some hidden bugs or vulnerabilities in the system.

Typically, refactoring is done in small steps, called micro-refactorings. Each of these steps is usually a tiny change to a source code that leaves the functionality of the system unchanged, it just makes the code cleaner and simpler. And if you do want to change some functionality of your code, it’s much easier to do with a clean, refactored code.

It should be pointed out that code refactoring doesn’t mean rewriting the code. The two notions are often confused but the difference between them is pretty simple: as we have mentioned above, the code refactoring doesn’t the behavior of software, while rewriting the code does.

The purpose of code refactoring is pretty clear — to keep your code clean, neat, and in order. You might not always see an immediate benefit from it but in the long run it is a worthwhile investment in your product.

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Web Development Trends

Galyna Chekan — Tue, 05 Mar 2019 14:58:20 +0000

Web development landscape is changing rapidly, and each year brings us some new trends in web design and development. Some of them don’t stand a test of time and are just a temporary craze, others prove to be a real thing that can help you improve your customers’ user experience and solve your website’s or app’s issues.

So what are the current trends in web development?

Progressive web apps (PWA)
Push notifications
One-page websites
Artificial Intelligence and chatbots
Augmented reality (AR)
Motion UI

And now let’s take a closer look at each one of them to see how they’ll influence business and web development services in 2019.

Progressive web apps are the future

2019 should be the year when the duopoly of iOS and Android will come to an end as many experts believe it to be the year of progressive web apps.

Indeed, the popularity of progressive web apps is quite obvious. Though they look like a regular web page or a website, don’t let them mislead you, for they offer rich functionality, such as offline work or push notifications. But the main virtue of PWAs is that they combine the best features of the web and native apps.

The future is in the progressive web apps and 2019 might be the year when they are finally fully accepted.

More push notifications

Another recent trend that is tightly knit with PWAs, push notifications, is set to become quite prominent in 2019 as well. Push notifications started as an uncomplicated way of prompting users to take action and now turned into an effective method of driving conversions.

For users push notifications are valuable as they can provide some important information like news or sports reports, weather or traffic updates, or some flight information. As to app publishers, push notifications present an easy way of connecting with their users, informing them about special offers, reminding about events or bill payments.

Simplifying the experience with one-page websites

In further attempt to make the user experience as simple as possible, another web development trend promises to be a big hit in 2019 — one-page websites.

Unlike multi-page websites that have a menu and numerous pages, one-page websites put all the information into a single page. This way they simplify the website navigation and strip down the information to a necessary minimum.

Chatbots will become smarter

In 2019 AI-powered assistants and chatbots will become only smarter. As the technology more and more becomes a part of how we live and do business, the interest of companies deepens. According to a survey by McKinsey & Company, companies have tripled their investment in AI since 2013. With Amazon and Microsoft leading the way, companies will be investing more time and money into this web development trend in 2019.

What we’ll see in the following years, and hopefully already in 2019, is the rise of smarter AI assistants. Instead of just being able to play you a song, tell the weather or when your favorite sports team plays next, they will be able to offer more individualized experiences that will involve voice recognition. Advanced conversation, AI-powered search will be a huge trend in 2019. And if you are a business owner you'd better start thinking about AI-powered software development or improvement.

Reinvent your users’ experience with augmented reality

Augmented and virtual reality have taken 2018 by storm. While both technologies have created a market buzz, augmented reality is considered to be more appealing of the two. The market share of AR technologies in 2018 was $ 17.8 billion and is expected to reach $ 215 billions by 2021. In 2019 we will see its widespread use as it becomes more and more accessible for average users. This interactive web development trend is a real gem for marketers. It helps to reach your audience faster as well as broaden it. Augmented reality will make your users’ experience more memorable and is a great tool to improve customer engagement and increase user retention.

Motion UI for the win

Not so much the latest trend but rather a design staple — motion UI has been going strong these last couple of years. And is still as hot in 2019.

With motion UI you can guide users to the most important part of your website or a mobile app, you can show them what to do next, grab their attention while the page is loading. It’s a great way to make your product more intuitive and increase your engagement at the same time.

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Uncovering Web Application Architecture

Galyna Chekan — Tue, 20 Nov 2018 16:02:31 +0000

Brian Foote and Joseph Yoder of Big Ball of Mud have famously said: ‘If you think good architecture is expensive, try bad architecture.’ Web application architecture is the basis of a successful app. In business, it helps and supports its growth by catering to its ever-growing requirements.

In our series of pieces for non-technical business founders we’ve already covered choosing the right technology stack and the basics of UI/UX design and today we would like to shed some light on web app architecture, how it works, its most common practices and the latest trends to finally understand if there’s such thing as a perfect architecture.

What is web application architecture, how it works, and why it’s important

Web application architecture establishes the relationships and interactions between the application components, which includes middleware systems, user interfaces, and databases. Its main goal is to make sure that all of the elements can operate together correctly.

The logic is the following: when a user hits a specific URL in the browser, the browser goes to a web server that is hosting a particular page. The server responds within seconds and shows a user the requested page. The timing here is vital; otherwise, a user will abandon the page.

Now on to the next question — how does web application architecture work? When we are talking about an application, it consists of the client (front-end) and server (back-end) side. The client side is everything a user sees on the screen when they interact with the page, and its code responds to user’s requests. While the server side is not visible to users, it creates the logic of the application and reacts to HTTP requests. Together, these two applications running concurrently constitute web application architecture.

And finally, the most important question before we move on to covering the main types and deciding which one suits your project more — why web application architecture is important? It’s an important component of your future business growth. With the right approach to web application architecture, you can reach a wider audience by giving them up-to-date content. Your business doesn’t have to be present everywhere or at a specific place to reach potential clients and be able to sell your products or services.

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SSI Platforms

Galyna Chekan — Mon, 22 Oct 2018 14:30:11 +0000

The regulatory environment is becoming ever more stringent for companies who collect and process clients’ personal data. The fines for non-compliance with the modern data protection laws (such as the GDPR) are extensive, and the reputational damages for mishandling personal records seem irreversible. There’s also the general public’s growing distrust of corporations and government bodies caused by frequent reports of their inability to protect databases from hacking and data breaches.

The “traditional” digital identity management model is fundamentally flawed.

Self-sovereign identity (SSI), according to many, can resolve these issues. The core principle behind SSI systems is putting end-users in complete control of their identity data and allowing ordinary people to sign digitally and verify claims/transactions without third-party involvement.

Principles of self-sovereign identity systems

An individual is the only authority
The identity must be transportable and interoperable
Transactions with minimum exposure
SSI must focus on users, not service providers
The administrative procedures used by identity networks must be open-source and transparent
Users must be able to maintain persistent identifiers
A right to be forgotten should be maintained

Conclusion

It’s possible to disagree defiantly to collaborate with governments and ignore completely all of their requirements. We can still build an SSI platform on a blockchain that no regulating body will be able to shut down. However, such approach might turn out very short-sided; the governments can restrict the individuals using such platforms from paying taxes with it, or renting a car, etc., and the users will have to create separate identities, involving centralized authorities, to complete such transactions. This is at polar odds with what the SSI movement is trying to achieve.

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Computer Vision Applications

Galyna Chekan — Wed, 03 Oct 2018 08:47:33 +0000

What are Computer Vision Applications?

The term gets tossed around frequently in tech circles whenever self-driving cars or other futuristic AI technologies are being discussed.

The concept – teaching machines to see – seems to be fascinating to most. But can an average business runner, whose firm isn’t yet featured in Fortune 500, find practical uses of it?

In this post, we’ll shed some light on how computer vision works, in broad terms, and provide examples as to how it can be applied by companies across various industries.

What is Computer Vision?

As humans, we give no regard to the extraordinary gift of sight. However, to capture reality with one’s eyes and understand, in a fraction of a second, what is it being observed is a staggeringly complex and sophisticated process.

Let’s suppose you notice a car approaching at a dangerous speed the sidewalk you are strolling through. You register the object, it’s passed through your eyes, and then the visual signal hits retinas. Next, after being browsed briefly by retinas, the data is sent to the visual cortexes so that your brain can perform a more nuanced analysis. Finally, the image is perceived by the rest of the cortex and matched against your brain’s database – the object is thus classified, and its dimensions are established. What you get as an output is an impulse to move out of the way in a safe direction which your mind, too, has figured out after analyzing the car’s speed and movement trajectory.

All of this happens in a blink.

Understanding just how intricate our system of visual perception is, you get the idea of how difficult it is to recreate it. Quite possibly, it is the toughest problem ever attempted by the humankind.

Roughly speaking, we must complete three subtasks – emulating the eye, emulating the visual cortex, and copying the way the rest of our brain responds to visual information. Computer Vision is an interdisciplinary field that concerns itself with exactly that – teaching machines how to extract and interpret content from images.

The Most Popular Computer Vision Applications

Healthcare. Medical imaging has been on the rise for years and multiple healthcare startups have been partnering with prominent hardware providers to build bleeding-edge computer vision tools.

Agriculture. The drone technology has been booming too and, as a result of the advancements in the field, the costs of acquiring huge sets of aerial imagery have been lowered dramatically compared to few years ago.

Insurance. Orbital Insights, among other startups, has been using satellite imaginary to assist in various ways insurance and reinsurance companies (as well as companies in other fields).

Automotive. Apart from self-driving cars, there’s a broad array of use cases for computer vision in the automotive industry.

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Go ‘digital’ or go home. What is Digital Transformation Strategy

Galyna Chekan — Thu, 09 Aug 2018 12:56:39 +0000

Today ‘digital’ is the talk of a town. We hear about digital technologies, digital data, digital media, digital transformation, digital marketing. Everyone wants to go digital. But which way to go? And why it’s important to have a digital transformation strategy ?

We know now that mobile is the future of everything. With the rise of the Internet of Things and mobile devices our lives and habits have clearly changed. Everything is now connected and if it’s not, it’s about to. We live in a world where you can connect your coffee machine to the Internet and make your coffee via Bluetooth. If your coffee machine can go online and you’re still only thinking about it, what does it say about you?

What is digital transformation?

So, you’ve decided ‘to put yourself out there’? But before you move with your digital strategy, it’s important to understand what it really means and thus how to be able to benefit from it.

Digital transformation is often viewed as an implementation of digital technologies into all areas of business in order to build more sustainable relationships and better understand the needs of customers.

But this is just one of the ways to look at it. When talking about digital, we can think of discovering new frontiers and using innovation and technologies to push your business. It’s about finding new possibilities of an existing service in order to design and deliver a better experience for your customer. Some might argue it’s a new way of interacting with customers. None of these definitions is truer that the other but what we can all agree on is that today

digital transformation is the force that moves businesses forward.

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What is the logic behind going digital? Among the most popular reasons are:

The main takeaway of going digital is, if you’re not online, it’s like you don’t exist. But what goes into the process is careful planning and strategizing. Both your customers, current or potential employees are interested in the best possible experiences and opportunities. And businesses have no other choice but be on the lookout and continuously improve to engage and retain them.

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Banking Technology Trends

Galyna Chekan — Thu, 19 Jul 2018 14:33:17 +0000

Change is the only constant today. What we’ve observed over the last few years is industries being shaken and reshaped by implementing various digital transformation strategies, customer relationships and experiences changed by disruptive technologies everyone’s talking about. In a banking, we’re witnessing another revolution in payments. China is confidently moving to become a cashless society. Already today AliPay and WeChat Pay are ranking as the top two preferred online payment methods in China. WeChat’s QR code or quick response scan or AliPay’s “pay with a smile” payment options at retail locations are making not only cash payments but traditional credit card transactions seem prehistoric. And in order to keep up with their customers, banks need to take note and get to grips with the latest tech trends. Below we took a detailed look at some of the most promising banking technology trends and tried to uncover how banks can make the most of them.

Experience Banking the New Way with AR/VR

Today it seems like AR and VR are at the forefront of customer experiences across all industries and banking is no exception of mobile technology trends.

Some of the banks are already in on a trend. Like National Bank of Oman that uses AR to help their customers locate the nearest ATM or find some offers and deals while shopping in a mall or down any street in Oman. In the meantime, BNP Paribas offers their clients VR experience that allows them to virtually access account activity and transaction records, or walk users through various and complex steps of a real estate purchase in virtual reality mode.

In 2019 Extended Reality (XR) that includes Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (MR) is one of the most promising technology trends in banking. According to this year’s survey, 45% of tech-savvy consumers want their banks to present new ways of communicating, like wearables or virtual reality. At the same time, 80 % of respondents believe it’s important to be a pioneer in XR solutions.

AI as a Co-Worker

Artificial Intelligence is probably the most popular tech trend to be discussed in the banking industry and other financial sectors. It has been making headlines and stirring debates about its potential to cut countless jobs. Indeed, countless companies have been guilty of making shocking predictions about the number of its employees to be replaced by AI. Deutsche Bank chief executive went as far as to predict that half of the bank’s 98,000 staff will be replaced with robots.

Whether any of these predictions are anywhere near the reality only time will show. But today AI has made a very prominent place for itself in the banking industry.Chatbots and virtual assistants aside, banks can use customer profiling and algorithmic sorting to provide customized communications and decisions based on detailed customer profiles. ML & AI software solutions can also streamline processes and be entrusted with some decision-making provided it has complete knowledge of regulations and laws.

Design Thinking to Understand What Customers Need

One of the latest trends in banking technology is Design Thinking. With numerous fintech startups popping each year, the banking industry has little choice but to adapt to the new startup culture and start thinking like one. That’s where Design Thinking can help.

Having little to do with only aesthetics, its focus is more on how the product works, helps customers and solves their problems. Design Thinking achieves its objectives by applying design principles to the way people interact with the world. The process involves trying to understand a customer’s behavior, a way of thinking and behaving (empathy) in order to get to the bottom of their problem and see if there’s a common issue among numerous users (definition). It allows total freedom for brainstorming (ideation) to see through feedback on your prototypes to see which of the crazy ideas work and which don’t (prototyping) and finally verify your assumptions with real people (testing).

Data Veracity Is as Valuable as Ever

Big Data means big responsibility. The more businesses become data-driven, the more valuable it becomes for information to be accurate and untempered. It may compromise the decisions companies make or insights they rely on.

For the banking industry, where banks have traditionally possessed large amounts of important and confidential information about their clients, partners, services, data security is especially important.This means, that if banks want to build long-term, strong relationships with their clients, they require a level of trust. Some of this trust can be achieved through regulations like GDPR. But in order to truly succeed, gain their customers’ trust and respect, banks will have to go further and strengthen cybersecurity, involve technologies like blockchain to enhance transactional banking.

Blockchain to Change Legacy Banking

This wouldn’t have been a real business technology trends overview without the most talked about, in the banking sector included, technology.

Blockchain has been stirring innovation across various industries and banking is no exception. Nine out of ten banking executives say that their bank is currently exploring blockchain use. Blockchain allows to track every transaction and provides accurate information from any point in the network. When fully adopted by banks, it will allow sufficiently quicker and accurate payment processing at the same time reducing its cost. And as the technology further develops and matures, it has the prospect to replace banks’ legacy systems in the future cost-effectively.

Today’s banking technology trends show us that banks need to master how to best apply disruptive tech into their strategy in order to meet the growing need of their tech-savvy customers. Ultimately it’s the matter of winners who will learn to lead and adapt to new technologies and losers who will fail to digitally transform their institutions.

Want to learn more about the latest technology trends? Reach out to our expert to get a free consultation.

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The Future of Ethereum

Galyna Chekan — Fri, 13 Jul 2018 12:09:49 +0000

In this post, we’ll discuss the future of Ethereum. We’ll cover some of the most talked about improvement initiatives such as Casper, Plasma, and Sharding, and explain in plain terms what it would take for a business to complete an integration with the versatile blockchain.

Let’s get started.

The future of Ethereum: Casper (FFG and CBC)

We’ve already discussed Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake and provided an in-depth explanation as to the distinctions between the two protocols. We’ve also mentioned that Ethereum, the second largest decentralized network, is planning to switch to the latter in the near future.

The reason the transition hasn’t happened yet is that the concept of Proof of Stake, though promising, has not been thought through entirely. There are still issues the algorithm imposes that blockchain devs have not figured out how to address, such as the risk of introducing points of centralization (supernodes, etc.)

That said, there are still people in the crypto community who are willing to sacrifice decentralization, to some extent, for the sake of speediness and scalability.

Vitalik Buterin doesn’t seem to share this sentiment.

Casper, which you’ve probably heard about as it’s been in the works forever, is just Ethereum’s take on how PoS issues should be tackled; It’s their attempt to get rid of the wasteful and costly Proof of Work gradually, without rushing the switch and spooking miners.

At first, the dev team is planning to introduce Friendly Finality Gadget (FFG) (aka Vitalik’s version of Casper) which is a hybrid system that runs on PoW but treats every 50th block on the network as a PoS checkpoint. Validators, who will have to stake deposits, will get to vote on the finality of these blocks and write them into history.

FFG is already running on a test network so it shouldn’t be long till it’s implemented completely.

Next, according to the roadmap, we’ll see the second, more radical Casper model known as CBC (Correct by Construction.) So far, the approach has been merely researched (mostly by Vlad Zamfir), so there’s no telling when the update will hit Ethereum. We don’t see it happening this year though.

The gist of Vlad’s work is not only to create a system that’s layering on top of PoW (like FFG does) but introduce a whole new way of designing consensus protocols. He’s aiming to create a system that allows to extend the local view of each node’s safety estimation and thus helps achieve the security and robustness of consensus.

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Blockchain Scalability Issue.

Galyna Chekan — Mon, 09 Jul 2018 14:32:43 +0000

If you’ve been paying attention to the bitcoin/blockchain news, you’ve probably heard the terms SegWit, Lightning Network, and SPECTRE (and others) thrown around a lot recently in reference to blockchain scalability issue.

There’s no shortage of posts covering the subject on various tech blogs and crypto-related subreddits yet, if you’re not familiar with the inner workings of blockchain and developer’s jargon, you’ll likely find most of them confusing.

Today, we’ll attempt to distill and dilute the technicalities and elucidate the intricate matter in plain English. We’ll explain what people even mean when they say scaling issue, talk about its causes, and list the ways blockchain networks are trying to resolve them.

Before we move any further, let’s recap quickly what blocks are what and mining is.

Blocks, as per our previous articles, are just batches of transactions submitted by blockchain users; bundled together, they’re appended to a network’s ledger in chronological order, each containing a reference to a previous block, thus forming a chain.

The miner’s role consists of compiling the blocks and writing them into a network’s history. However, to be granted that privilege, validators are also required to prove that they’re willing to put some effort – computational resources – into securing the network.

This is what we call providing proof of work.

So, before appending a block, miners compete in solving a mathematical puzzle – determining a cryptographic nonce that’s just a long random number. The first validator to guess it gets to write to the immutable history and is then rewarded by the blockchain with a certain amount of cryptocurrency.

On Bitcoin, the network adjusts the difficulty of these complex mathematical problems so that it takes a validator roughly 10 minutes to crack them. This is where we get the 10 minute block time from.

Proof of work is there to protect blockchains. As you can see, it makes attacking networks very difficult, time- and resource-consuming.

The blocks are limited in size. On Bitcoin, historically, they couldn’t exceed 1MB (this is not the case now though). They appeared every 10 minutes on the blockchain and only contained about 2000 transactions each, which meant the network was only able to process ~ 3 transactions per second. The limit on the number of transactions the network could process was small, so they were piling up which created congestion and prompted users who were in a hurry to pay hefty fees so that miners pick up their transactions and include them in a block.

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Reinforcement Learning Applications

Galyna Chekan — Fri, 29 Jun 2018 13:17:54 +0000

You might have read about Reinforcement Learning when browsing through stories about AlphaGo – the algorithm that has taught itself to play the game of GO and beat an expert human player – and might have found it fascinating.

However, as the subject’s inherently complex and doesn’t seem that promising from a business point of view, you might not have thought it useful to explore it deeply.

Well, turns out RL’s lack of practical benefits is a misconception; there are actually quite a few ways companies can use the technology right now.

In this post, we’ll list possible reinforcement learning applications and explain without technical jargon how RL works in general.

Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning, and Reinforcement Learning

So, in conventional supervised learning , as per our recent post, we have input/output (x/y) pairs (e.g labeled data) that we use to train machines with. Knowing the results for every input, we let the algorithm determine a function that maps Xs->Ys and we keep correcting the model every time it makes a prediction/classification mistake (by doing backward propagation and twitching the function.) We continue this kind of training until the results the algorithm produces are satisfactory.

In conventional unsupervised learning , we have data without labels and we introduce the dataset to our algorithm hoping that it’ll unveil some hidden structure within it.

Reinforcement learning solves a different kind of problem. In RL, there’s an agent that interacts with a certain environment, thus changing its state, and receives rewards (or penalties) for its input. Its goal is to find patterns of actions, by trying them all and comparing the results, that yield the most reward points.

One of the key features of RL is that the agent’s actions might not affect the immediate state of the environment but impact the subsequent ones. So, sometimes, the machine doesn’t learn whether a certain action is effective until much later in the episode.

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Topological Data Analysis, the Most Promising Data Mining Methodology

Galyna Chekan — Thu, 14 Jun 2018 15:09:11 +0000

Data is crucial. It’s what helps business runners make right decisions. It’s what they use to prevent fraud, determine clients’ behavioral patterns and make accurate financial forecasts. Companies don’t make the slightest business move now without studying thoroughly their data, and yet, according to the experts in Topological Data Analysis (TDA), there are still ways to exploit it more. For example there is a well known company Ayasdi which utilized the power of machine learning and topological data analysis to solve business needs.

What is Topological Data Analysis?

TDA, which originates from mathematical topology, is a discipline that studies shape. It’s concerned with measuring the shape, by means applying math functions to data, and with representing it in forms of topological networks or combinatorial graphs.

It has proven highly efficient for analyzing large, highly dimensional and feature-rich data as it displays shape-related properties, such as presence or absence of loops within data sets, and thus drastically helps analysts to discern key patterns.

Topological data analysis is of an interest to scientists and entrepreneurs around the world

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Currently, TDA is of an acute interest to both scientists and entrepreneurs around the world. It seems set to change how we, as humans, perceive and understand data. The shape representations it provides either draw summaries out of huge data sets or single out parts of them allowing to interpret data subsets without interfering noise getting in the way.

While displaying data in a succinct way, TDA still retains its important features and relationships between points in data sets. We might say, therefore, that it’s mostly concerned with lossless and clear compression.

In layman’s terms, this is how it works:

Suppose it’s summer and you’re standing at Times Square in New York City on a particularly busy Saturday evening. There are thousands of people around you, all rambling to no end in different languages, yelling over and vigorously interrupting one another. For you, a normal human being with just two ears to grasp sound with, it’s impossible to comprehend everything that’s being said. All you hear is indistinguishable, intense noise.

Now, imagine having a tool (or rather a set of tools) that’s capable of recording all these sounds, of promptly processing them and of getting back to you with quick, informative summaries that retrieve key points from each conversation and indicate where the similarities are between them.

Besides, it gives you an ability to tune into any particular conversation, if you are so inclined, and eliminate all the distracting racket in the surroundings.

Sounds good, huh? Well, that is, in a nutshell, what Topological Data Analysis has been developed for.

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Lean Software Development

Galyna Chekan — Mon, 14 May 2018 08:50:13 +0000

In the world of software “revolutions” emerge nearly every month. Each shift in IT, it seems, whether in ways of development or management of software projects, gets labeled a “breakthrough”, which turns the term into a buzzword, stripped of any meaning. However, every once in awhile, important innovations do appear on the web, and it’s hard for them to cut through all the noise to grab your attention.

Therefore, today, we’ll introduce one of them: lean software development – a ground-breaking methodology that has completely reshaped the whole value stream in IT and yet, unfortunately, remained obscure to a lot of entrepreneurs.

What is Lean Software Development?

The concept of lean, in general, was pioneered by Toyota, the Japanese automotive giant, as a mean to reduce waste in manufacturing; but soon grew explosively popular and was adapted, among others, to various competencies in IT business.

Lean development as a separate methodology came to us from the book by Tom and Mary Poppendieck and now is expanded upon by the ever-growing body of literature.

Overall, there are 7 principles to Lean software development, each aiming to quicken delivery and bring higher value to end-user:

1. Eliminating Waste

2. Building Quality In

3. Amplifying Knowledge

4. Delaying Commitment

5. Delivering Fast

6. Respecting people

7. Optimizing the whole thing

Although lean software development introduces a customer oriented, flexible system to software development, it’s people who actually make it work. Therefore, look for expertise when hiring a team to build your application; professionals, who are committed to a continuous improvement, and qualified enough to embody the core values of Lean methodology – delivering as much value, in the shortest amount of time and in a most efficient way possible.

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