DEV Community: Gayan Kodithuwakku

What is ChatGPT?

Gayan Kodithuwakku — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 14:50:38 +0000

ChatGPT is a chatbot powered by the advanced language model GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3). It is designed to assist in online conversations by generating responses based on the input it receives. ChatGPT can be used for a variety of purposes, including customer service, answering frequently asked questions, or simply providing a conversational companion. In this article, we will delve into the background and capabilities of ChatGPT, as well as its limitations and potential future developments. Stay tuned to learn more about this exciting chatbot technology.

What is GPT-3 and its Capabilities?

GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3) is a powerful language model developed by OpenAI (OpenAI is a research organization that focuses on developing and promoting friendly artificial intelligence).
It is trained on a massive dataset and is capable of generating human-like text for a wide range of tasks, such as translation, summarization, and text generation. GPT-3 is also capable of answering questions and engaging in conversation, making it a valuable tool for chatbots like ChatGPT.

ChatGPT is specifically designed to utilize the capabilities of GPT-3 in the context of online conversations. It is able to generate responses to user input in a way that is natural and human-like, allowing it to carry on a conversation with minimal errors or awkwardness. ChatGPT is able to understand the context of a conversation and generate appropriate responses based on the information it has been given.

Overall, ChatGPT is made possible by the advanced language processing capabilities of GPT-3. It is able to use the knowledge and skills learned through GPT-3’s training to generate human-like responses in a conversational setting. In the next section, we will take a look at ChatGPT in action and see some examples of how it is being used.

ChatGPT in Action and some Examples

ChatGPT is being used in a variety of settings to assist with online conversations and generate responses. One example of ChatGPT in action is its use as a customer service chatbot. ChatGPT can be integrated into a company’s website or social media accounts to assist with answering frequently asked questions and resolving customer issues. This allows companies to provide timely and efficient assistance to their customers without the need for a human representative to be available 24/7.

ChatGPT is also being used as a conversational companion, providing a virtual friend to chat with and engage in activities with. In this role, ChatGPT is able to carry on a natural and engaging conversation, providing a sense of companionship for those who may be feeling lonely or isolated.

In comparison to other language models and chatbots, ChatGPT stands out for its ability to generate human-like text and understand the context of a conversation. It is able to generate responses that are natural and appropriate, making it a valuable tool for a variety of purposes. However, it is important to note that ChatGPT is not perfect and does have limitations, which we will discuss in the next section.

It can generate programs,
It gives an explanation for the above answer as well,
It has the capability to generate optimized code as well,
It can answer typical questions like this,

Limitations of ChatGPT

Despite its advanced capabilities, ChatGPT is not without limitations. One potential issue with using ChatGPT is the risk of bias. As with any machine learning model, ChatGPT is only as unbiased as the data it was trained on. If the training data contains biased language or information, ChatGPT may perpetuate that bias in its responses. It is important for developers and users of ChatGPT to be aware of this potential issue and take steps to mitigate it.

Another limitation of ChatGPT is its lack of understanding of tone and context. While ChatGPT is able to generate responses that are appropriate in the context of a conversation, it may not always fully understand the tone or intent behind a message. This can lead to misunderstandings or inappropriate responses in certain situations.

Despite these limitations, ChatGPT is still a valuable tool for assisting with online conversations and generating responses. It is important for users to be aware of its capabilities and limitations, and to use it appropriately in order to get the most out of this technology. In the next section, we will conclude our discussion of ChatGPT and look at its potential future developments.

Conclusion

In conclusion, ChatGPT is a chatbot powered by the advanced language model GPT-3. It is designed to assist in online conversations by generating responses based on user input. ChatGPT has a wide range of potential applications, including customer service, answering frequently asked questions, and providing a virtual conversational companion.

Despite its capabilities, ChatGPT is not without limitations, including the risk of bias and a lack of understanding of tone and context. It is important for users to be aware of these limitations and to use ChatGPT appropriately.

Looking to the future, there is potential for further developments and improvements in ChatGPT technology. As GPT-3 and other language models continue to advance, ChatGPT may become even more sophisticated and capable of handling a wider range of tasks and conversations. It is an exciting time for chatbot technology, and ChatGPT is at the forefront of this evolution.

Understanding Arrow Functions in JavaScript ES6 — Full Guide

Gayan Kodithuwakku — Wed, 23 Mar 2022 13:34:10 +0000

JavaScript is the language that powers the web. The web is certainly dominated by it. You may be wondering what is ES6 means? You maybe have seen ES4, ES5, ES6… terms.

Javascript wasn’t even always called Javascript. In fact, when Brendan first created it, it was actually called LiveScript, and then the people at Microsoft decided to try and reverse engineer the program and they ended up with something called Jscript. And so there were all the slightly different versions of Javascript that were being run on the web and it was starting to get quite confusing.

So the Europeans did what Europeans do best and they decided to standardize the language. And that’s where you get the ECMAscript from. And that stands for the European Computer Manufacturers Association Script. And the only reason why this is interesting is that often you’ll see different versions of Javascript not referred to as JS5 or JS6 but as ES6 or ES7, and the ES comes of course from ECMAscript. So Arrow functions were introduced in the ES6 version of JS.

Alright so enough history.
Let’s see what is Arrow function and how it works!

This is quite easy when you understand what will happen there. But if you don’t know what is the concept behind that Arrow functions. I'm sure you will already be confused what’s the meaning of that two braces, the arrow, and the two curly brackets.

Simply Arrow functions is also a normal function. But it was simplified to reduce lines of code.

Steps of Simple Function ➜ Arrow Function

function myFunction(a, b){
  return a * b;
}

So, this is a normal javascript function that returns the product of the two parameters a and b.

but we can write this function without the function name. That calls anonymous functions in JS.

function (a, b){
  return a * b;
}

Now, you may be wondering without a function name, how we call that function, without calling the function what is the use of that function. Okay, I agree but these anonymous functions don’t write for calling purposes.

For example, assume that we have a button to get the product of two numbers. To do that we have to write a function for onClick. So directly we can write like this with an anonymous function.

<button onClick={function(a,b){
     return a*b;
}}> 
   Get Product
</button>

with the clarification of that, Now let's see the next step.

We can remove the 'function' keyword as well. let's remove the function keyword.

(a, b){          //This will give an error
  return a * b;
}

but this will give an error, so after removing the function keyword you need to put an arrow.

(a, b) => {
  return a * b;
}
//let's write it in one line
(a, b) => {return a * b;}

As you can see, this is the basically Arrow function in JS. Arrow function is also a function that is simplified.
Just remove the function name and function keyword. Instead of the function keyword, we need to put an arrow.
Hope you now got the idea about Arrow functions in JavaScript!

So, now look at the previous example. We can simply write that as the following.

<button onClick={(a,b)=>{return a*b;}}> 
   Get Product
</button>

Wait, another important fact!
If your function only has one line, you do not need to wrap that line with curly braces. In this case, no need to wrap return a*b with curly braces and you do not need to write return keywords as well. The compiler knows that it should be returned.

<button onClick={(a,b)=> a*b}> 
   Get Product
</button>

So simply we can write our Arrow function like this. Now you can get some idea of why arrow functions are used in JS. It reduces a lot of lines of code when developing a complex system.

Likewise, there are a lot of ways to write arrow functions in JavaScript. Now let’s quickly get informed on the ways you can write an Arrow Function.

Cheat Sheet of Arrow Functions in JS.

This is the cheat sheet of the Arrow Functions ES6.
Maybe when you see this, you feel like what the heck is this, like that… :D Don’t worry I’ll explain everything in this cheat sheet. let’s gooo…

Implicit vs Explicit Return

First, you need to understand what is Implicit Return and Explicit Return.

With normal functions, if you want to return something, you have to use the return keyword. Arrow functions also have that. When you use the return keyword, it's called an explicit return.

However, the arrow functions allow something called implicit return where the return keyword can be skipped. Let's look at some examples.

Example A: Normal Function

const sayHi = function(name) {
  return name
}

Example B: Arrow Function with Explicit Return

// Multi-line
const sayHi = (name) => {
  return name
}

// Single-line
const sayHi = (name) => { return name }

Example C: Arrow Function with Implicit Return

// Single-line
const sayHi = (name) => name

// Multi-line
const sayHi = (name) => (
  name
)

Notice the difference? When you use curly braces {}, you need to explicitly state the return. However, when you don't use curly braces, the return is implied and you don't need it.

There’s actually a name for this.
When you use curly braces like in Example B, it’s called a Block Body.
And the syntax in Example C is called a Concise Body.

Simply,

Block body is where you use curly braces and have an explicit return.
The concise body is where you don’t use curly braces, and you skip the return keyword.

Alright, another thing about Parentheses () of Arrow functions.

First of all, parentheses mean two braces that we put in functions to wrap parameters. Sometimes it will be empty.

So, In normal functions we always need parentheses. But in Arrow Functions we do not need parentheses if there is only one parameter.

— Parentheses are optional for a SINGLE parameter —

— Parentheses are required for MULTIPLE parameters —

IMPORTANT — Returning Objects

However, when you return an object in Arrow functions, you should put parentheses even you have only one line in the function.

const me = () => { name: "Gayan" };

me(); //Output --> undefined

The above one is wrong ❌

const me = () => ({ name: "Gayan" });

me(); //Output --> { name: "Gayan" }

This is correct ✅

That’s all about it. I hope you got the idea about Arrow Functions ES6 and find this post useful, and I would love to see your feedback about the article. Or if you have any questions please put them all in the comment section, I will reply to you all.

Follow me on Twitter @gayankodX for more updates!

EP 02 | Start using Terminal

Gayan Kodithuwakku — Wed, 10 Nov 2021 13:06:35 +0000

Hello beautiful people! After a long time, here I bring the 2nd Episode of the Linux for Hackers Series.
Actually, I’m really sorry for the delay, I’m dead busy with my university stuff these days. That’s the reason, Anyway, I try to bring new articles as soon as I can…

When it comes to Terminal, It’s the truly wheeled power of Linux. So please don’t use GUI in Linux. You should use Terminal instead of it.

So this is the where Terminal is in Kali Linux. Go ahead and click it…

So you can see here, Terminal opened up!

So this is the Linux Terminal, and this is how you are supposed to use Linux. Now if you’re coming from the GUI-only world Where all you use is a graphical user interface… Right!!!

So true, this might seem a little scary. I totally get it!!!
BUT DON’T WORRY!!!

We are going to walk through this, We are going to teach you a few commands here…

I’m going to slowly wing you off the Graphical User Interface.
I’ll put it up side by side…

Actually, watch here. I’m gonna teach your first few Linux commands…
So come on follow along with me…

So go ahead and have your Linux terminal open and also at the same time double click and open up your Home Directory.

I’ll teach you the first few commands by doing something here in the GUI and then doing that same thing in the Linux Terminal.

Now here’s the first thing, what I love about the GUI is that you are always kind of know where you are right! because you can see it!!!

So here I’m in my user directory (Home directory). And you can see there is my stuff.

Now, let’s look at the CLI which is Linux Terminal.

I don’t see anything here… How do I know I am, We are gonna solve that…
This is our first command! type with me folks!!!

01. pwd (Print Working Directory)

It basically does what we see in the GUI address bar (/home/kali/).
Simply, It tells us where we’re at…
Hey, where am I? Oh! I’m right here!!!
Let’s try it out! type pwd and go ahead and hit enter!

pwd
/home/kali/

Bam!!! It shows us the full path of where we are right now!!!…
you can see it exactly to same as the GUI address bar does.

But one thing, I can actually see my Desktop, Document folder, Download folder, Music folder, Pictures folder, Public folder, Template folder and Videos folder in GUI.
I don’t see those in CLI/ Terminal!!!

How do I see those in Terminal…???

Next command!
type with me, It’s ls command!

02. ls (list)

This is pretty simple what it does. It’ll simply list the contents of your current working directory!
It’s gonna list what we see in GUI… Desktop, Document folder…etc.
You wanna see it?
Let’s do it!

ls
Desktop  Documents  Downloads  Music  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos

Boom!!!
It did everything!

We can see Desktop Documents… all kinds of stuff in Terminal also.

SEE SEE!!! YOU CAN DO ANYTHING IN THE TERMINAL!!!
and it’s faster!!!

I’ll convince you, don’t worry! let’s keep going!!!

let’s say we want to take a peek inside our desktop folder. I’ll show it first in GUI. I go inside the Desktop folder.

I know you all know how to do that in GUI.

I just double-clicked the desktop folder, and I jumped in there…
So, how to do it in the terminal!
Our Next Command! here we go!

03. cd (Change Directory)

It’s going to do exactly what we just did in GUI.
watch let’s do it right now!!!
Just after cd,
I’ll hit space and tell it
what directory do I want to go to…

cd Desktop

Hey! Did it work???
I don’t know! Let’s see…
Let’s print our working directory!

We did!!!
Here you can see the current working directory is changed!!!
We did indeed drill down right into the desktop folder and then to see what’s on our desktop as we can see in the GUI. But currently, my Desktop is empty! Let’s see what happens!!!

we can simply type ls command to list the contents!!!

There’s not anything!!! in both GUI and CLI!!! It’s fine. Because actually, my desktop has nothing!!! cool!!!

Now!!! We’re gonna learn one more command today!
Hang with me!!!

But so far we’ve done a lot,
the pwd command → to see where we are
the ls command → see what’s around us, what’s in our directory
the cd command → to change where we are

But now,
How do we go back!!!???

Because we can do it in GUI easily using the back icon in the left top corner!

How do we do it in Terminal?!
It’s actually super easy!!!

so again we gonna type cd

because Back means we gonna change our directory again!!!
type cd and I’ll hit space and type double dot and hit Enter!

cd ..

Boom! it works!!!
Again we were in our home directory!

Now just for fun!
I wonder what will happen if we keep going backward???
if we type in cd .. again and again??? what will happen??

Okay, let’s do it and check!

Oh, you can see, instead of home I’m simply at /
And what this is?

It is actually the Root of the file system.
It’s the end.
We reached the end!

And we’ll talk more about that later! In upcoming episodes!

But, just for fun again… just that’s all for fun right!
let’s enter the ls command now!!! at root… (/)

Boom! you can see now the content list of the root directory…
Huh! A lot of interesting files here…

We’ll talk about all these files later!

Now real quick Quiz for you,

Let’s see you got the idea right!
Q. Assume you’re in the root directory in Linux Terminal. What command or commands would you enter to /home/kali/ directory?

There are 02 options really…
You can do it with one command or you can do it with 02 commands…
Please comment below your answer!!!

I’ll discuss the answer in the very next episode of this series!

Now here we just scratched the surface.
We are going deeper into Linux.
We are gonna prepped and ready to become a hacker.
But don’t that diminish the fact that you did a lot today with this article!

We are moving from GUI to CLI… Specially Hackers like CLI! We love it right!
And we did, pwd, cd, ls… more to come!!!

So if you wanna hack Dev.to platform algorithm, just hit the heart ,unicorn or save and hit the follow button, and also put your comment!
It hacks the algorithm of Dev.to :D.
Ethically!!! Yess!!!

Summary

pwd command → to see where we are
ls command → see what’s around us, what’s in our directory
cd command → to change where we are
cd .. command → to go backward

EP 01 | What is Linux?

Gayan Kodithuwakku — Sun, 10 Oct 2021 20:40:01 +0000

This series is not only for hackers but also for all beginners who are interested in Linux. By the way, if you want to become a hacker,
YOU JUST START LEARNING LINUX RIGHT NOW!!! GO!!!
What are you waiting for!!!!

Anyway if you’re a kid, like 10 years old, No problem… Don’t be afraid… You can follow through this series and learn about Linux for free. But yes, you have to read, men!!! you cannot watch till I don’t create videos ;)

If you are thinking like “No men I can’t do this, Linux is too hard… How can I learn this? How can I practice this?…” These are all bullcrap…
YES, YOU CAN…! Let’s Go Right!!!!???

Hold on, If you read this…

Let me know why are you here in the comment box… Just put why you are interested in Linux, why you want to learn Linux? okay, you put… fine!!! Perfect! Thank you! Let’s move on…

Okay, First of all, you need to install Linux OS on your machine…
If you have several devices, you can install Linux for one of them.

Otherwise, I recommended using a Virtual Machine. Oracle Virtual Box is pretty much cooler and easy to use. But It’s all your choice.

What you want to do is, Install and run Kali/ubuntu/Parrot or any Linux distro on your virtual machine or your alternative device!!!
I do not give tutorials on how to install a Linux Distro. You can search it on youtube and, install it simply.
So if you install a Linux Distro Successfully, You can see a desktop-like this,

So this is Linux. I put the screenshot of a Kali Linux Distro. This is specifically optimized for Cyber Security & Hacking.

Kali Linux OS, OS stands for Operating System like other OSs. Mac OS, iOS, Windows, Android…
So Linux is just another OS. A Software that interacts with us to make our computer do things.

So someone was to ask you hey what operating system are you running right now! It would be Kali Linux, Kali Linux using Linux Kernal. Actually, I want to point it out! The Kernal !!!!

Linux is technically not an Operating System(OS).
I know you are right now like “What the hell man, what are you talking about!?”
No, it’s actually not an OS.

Linux is a KERNAL !!!!

So, we build Operating Systems on top of it!!!
Then you can say Kali Linux is an OS!!!
And also Kali is not the only flavor or distribution of Linux.

There are many like
Parrot OS,
Ubuntu,
CentOS,
Debian…etc.

They all use a version of the Linux Kernel which is actually part of the OS but It’s not the OS.

Now, what does the Linux Kernal do??????????????
It has a very important job,
It interfaces with our hardware CPU, RAM, Hard Drive…etc.
When we as the hacker, want to run our favorite hacking tool.

So Kernal is a kind of a Middle Man between the Application and the OS and the Hardware. But to simplify things, We just call it Linux.

And we say what flavor of Linux and we say, well! Kali Linux!!!

Now the bigger question might be WHY LINUX???
I mean we got Windows! we got Mac OS! What’s wrong with those guys!!! huh?!

Well, Nothing and Everything!
You can see what’s great about Linux, I’ll explain! what’s great about Linux is that it’s open-source which means a lot.

But it basically means that it’s open and free to use and redistribute!
So people can make awesome distributions like Kali Linux, Parrot OS, Ubuntu, etc.

The other benefit of Linux is that it’s traditionally FASTER & MORE SECURE.
This is why most websites and servers in the world use Linux as their operating system.
It’s also why Hackers use Linux, most of the hacking tools out there Linux-based. So that’s what Linux is and this is why we use it.

But now, How do we use Linux???

That’s a more interesting question because you might be looking at this Linux Desktop screen here. That’s your Linux computer desktop, and maybe thinking,

“Wow! I didn’t know Linux had a pretty GUI(Graphical User Interface) like this. There are Icons, docs, and menus, and stuff! That’s cool!” and you can use Linux like this !!!???

But it wasn’t meant to be used like this!!!

So, Do you want to know how to use Linux then?

I will explain it with the next episode of this Linux Article Series!!! So, follow me and put your comments on the article, was this helpful?! And see you in the next episode!

Summary

Linux is Kernal, not an OS(Operating System)
Kali Linux, Parrot OS, Ubuntu, etc are OS or Linux flavors or Distros(Distributions).
Kernal is a kind of a Middle Man between the Application and the OS and the Hardware.
Linux is open-source, faster, and more secure.