DEV Community: Guna Ramesh

Restart Python class2

Guna Ramesh — Sun, 13 Sep 2026 10:21:50 +0000

What is predefined?
The Word has meaning by python before users used it.
example:

>>> print("Gunalan")
Gunalan
>>> len("karthi")
6
>>>

len is also a predefined function in Python, and it is used to find the length of a sequence.
print is also a predefined function in Python, and it is used to print the sequence.

If you want to see how many keywords in python,go to terminal then call python.
After calling you did like this:

>>> import keyword
>>> keyword.kwlist
['False', 'None', 'True', 'and', 'as', 'assert', 'async', 'await', 'break', 'class', 'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global', 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'nonlocal', 'not', 'or', 'pass', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'with', 'yield']

in this words you cant used a variable name and some places.

*I got some Golden Rules of Programming!
*
1.Never Say "I don't know",say " I will try".
defination:You can go to the interview,interviewer ask a question about anything in programming or that job.If you say "I don't know" that is made bad impression of yourself to interviewer.So say i will try its pushing yourself to next step.
2.Known to Unknown
What is Known to Unknown?
ex:
expected output is :
1
2
3
4
5
you did try to own idea if its simple!

a=1
while a<=5:
  print(a)
  a=a+1

if you dont no loop ,but you know what is print function doing

print("1")
print("2")
print("3")
print("4")
print("5")

They ask ans only not how you did.Now the first rule also solved.
3.Don't think about entire output.
If you think the entire output in above you cant done.

print("1")

you know about how to print 1 then you following the rules and print other numbers.

print("2")
print("3")
print("4")
print("5")

4.Think about next step only.
Simple Example:
Get the number from user then find the number is greater or lower than 10.

num=30
if num>10:
  print("Num is greater than 10")
elif num<10:
  print("Num is samller than 10")

First you think only how to get the input.So to create Variable.
num=10
Ok now we got the number.
Then you think how to check the number is greater than 10 only now you dont think about how to check lower.
if num>10:
print("Num is greater than 10")
Then you think how to check lower.If you think whole program definetly you will be stuck.
5.Introduce a variables only when its simplifies the solution.
like question adding 1 and 5.
print(1+5).
6.Micro to Macro.
In every situation are not same you think about some ideas.
Example:
It is ok

print("1")
print("2")
print("3")
print("4")
print("5")

But they asked output is 1 to 100.This steps make more time now we go to looping.

a=1
while a<=100:
  print(a)
  a=a+1

7.Dry run before you run.
you write a program in paper first then code in monitor.Writing is helped to learn a mistake.
8.Every program has only three steps.
input-process-output.
9.Logic First,Syntax Next.
I think everyone know logic they only dont know how apply the logic into the program only. say 5 plus 5 . We say 10.they say solve the problem using programming language.Now we Nervous Right!

Restart-Python Class-1

Guna Ramesh — Sat, 12 Sep 2026 15:11:35 +0000

How to use python in Linux?
First open a terminal in your linux machine then type python3.
How to find a version of software?
Enter the software name space double hyphen version.
python --version
what is command prompt and why the name is defined?
we ask the question to someone or machine using to give prompt,after get the reply.
So,we give the prompt to the terminal its will definetly reply.
That's why its called as Command Prompt.
How to clear screen in terminal while using Python?
Every beginner's face this problem because i am also did this.
using clear command in terminal its show an error like

>>>name="guna"
>>> print(name)
guna
>>> clear
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'clear' is not defined
>>>

The problem is not that command becuase the command clear is not a python command it is terminal command ,so we must do enter exit() command to exit a python.Then we enter the command clear
its will be work.

>>> num=1
>>> print(num)
1
>>> exit()
clear

this is the correct format.
Program:
expected output is :welcome gunalan

>>> name="gunalan"
>>> print("welcome",name)
welcome gunalan

if we + instead of , the output is look like without space between string and value.
, separates values; + joins strings directly.

print("welcome"+name)
welcomegunalan

Function Overloading:
Same function name but different number of arguments is called as Function Overloading.
interview que for beginner's
What is print in python?
print is function in python its make a action.
what is reference variable or Identifier?
name="guna"
Identifier → the name used to identify something.
Reference → the name points/refers to an object or value.

Something Learn about Python.

Guna Ramesh — Tue, 28 Jul 2026 14:47:06 +0000

Linux has a python as default.
But windows wants to install python.
1.what is protocol?
It is set of rules.
http stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.http runs set of port.
IDLE-integerated development learning environment.
python3 -couldn't go backward incompatible.
we talk to python easily in terminal
ex if yoy type python3 is on then you say something its will be responsing.
clear - used for clear screen in terminal.
if using comma "," its make space
if you did plus "+ "instead of commma its cant make space inbetween.

Looping in JS

Guna Ramesh — Fri, 26 Jun 2026 07:20:43 +0000

What is Looping? And why do we use it?
Loops are used to execute a block of code repeatedly without writing the same code multiple times. They help reduce code repetition and make programs more efficient.
example:
without looping:

console.log(1);
console.log(2);
console.log(3);
console.log(4);
console.log(5);

with looping:
for loop
Syntax

for(initialization; condition; increment){
    // code
}

for(let i = 1; i <= 5; i++){
    console.log(i);
}

This also gives me the same output, but the code is reduced to be smart.

output is:
1
2
3
4
5

Print Numbers from 5 to 1

for(let i = 5; i >= 1; i--){
    console.log(i);
}

Explanation
i is initialized with 5.
The loop runs while i >= 1.
console.log(i) prints the current value of i.
i-- decreases the value by 1 after each iteration.
When i becomes 0, the condition 0 >= 1 is false, so the loop stops.

Output
5
4
3
2
1

Expected Output

1
2
Fizz
4
Buzz
Fizz
7
8
Fizz
Buzz

program

for (let a = 1; a <= 10; a++) {
    if (a % 3 == 0) {
        console.log("Fizz");
    }
    else if (a % 5 == 0) {
        console.log("Buzz");
    }
    else {
        console.log(a);
    }
}

Explanation
a is initialized with 1.
The loop runs while a <= 10.
If a is divisible by 3, it prints "Fizz".
Else if a is divisible by 5, it prints "Buzz".
Otherwise, it prints the number.
After each iteration, a++ increases the value by 1.
The loop stops when a becomes 11 because the condition 11 <= 10 is false.

output
1
2
Fizz
4
Buzz
Fizz
7
8
Fizz
Buzz

Print Odd Numbers Using continue

Expected Output
1
3
5
7
9

Program

for (let i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
    if (i % 2 == 0) {
        continue;
    }
    console.log(i);
}

Explanation
i is initialized with 1.
The loop runs while i <= 10.
If i is an even number, continue skips the current iteration.
Only odd numbers reach console.log(i).
After each iteration, i++ increases the value by 1.
The loop stops when i becomes 11 because the condition 11 <= 10 is false.

Output

Expected Output
1
2
3
4
5

program

for (let i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
    if (i == 6) {
        break;
    }
    console.log(i);
}

Explanation
i is initialized with 1.
The loop runs while i <= 10.
When i becomes 6, the break statement stops the loop immediately.
Since the loop stops before console.log(i), 6 is not printed.
The loop ends without checking the remaining values.
Output

Expected Output
1
3
program

for (let i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
    if (i === 2) {
        continue;
    }

    if (i === 4) {
        break;
    }

    console.log(i);
}

Explanation
i is initialized with 1.
The loop runs while i <= 5.
When i becomes 2, continue skips the current iteration, so 2 is not printed.
When i becomes 4, break stops the loop immediately, so 4 and the remaining values are not printed.
Only 1 and 3 are printed.

Output
1
3

Part -2 Control Flow Statement

Guna Ramesh — Thu, 25 Jun 2026 04:58:45 +0000

why we use break in Switch cases?
If the break statement is not used, JavaScript continues executing the next cases even when a match is found. This behavior is called fall-through.

example
let day = 1;
switch (day) {
case 1:
console.log("sunday")

        case 2:
            console.log("monday")

        case 3:
            console.log("tuesday")
        default:
            console.log("invalid day")

output
sunday
monday
tuesday
invalid day
Default
The default block is optional in a switch statement. It is used to execute code when none of the cases match the given value. Without a default block, no code runs if there is no matching case.

Ternary Operator
A ternary operator is a shorthand way of writing a simple if...else statement in JavaScript.
It is called ternary because it uses 3 parts:

condition ? valueIfTrue : valueIfFalse

program

let age = 20;
let result = age >= 18 ? "Adult" : "Minor";

console.log(result);

output:
Adult

JavaScript Control Flow Statements

Guna Ramesh — Wed, 24 Jun 2026 13:27:25 +0000

JavaScript Control Flow Statements

Control flow statements help us decide which code should run based on conditions.

if Statement

The if statement executes a block of code only when the condition is true.

let a = 10;

if (a > 5) {
    console.log("a is greater than 5");
}

Explanation

a is assigned the value 10.
The condition a > 5 is checked.
Since 10 is greater than 5, the condition is true.
Therefore, the code inside the if block is executed.

Output:

a is greater than 5

if Statement with a False Condition

let a = 10;

if (a < 5) {
    console.log("a is greater");
}

Explanation

a is assigned the value 10.
The condition a < 5 is checked.
Since 10 is not less than 5, the condition is false.
The code inside the if block does not execute.
No output is displayed.

if...else Statement

The else block is used when the if condition is false.

let a = 10;

if (a < 5) {
    console.log("a is smaller");
} else {
    console.log("a is greater");
}

Explanation

a is assigned the value 10.
The condition a < 5 is checked.
Since the condition is false, the if block is skipped.
The else block is executed.

Output:

a is greater

Conclusion

Use if when you want code to run only if a condition is true.
Use if...else when you want one block to run if the condition is true and another block to run if the condition is false.
Control flow statements make programs intelligent by allowing them to make decisions.

JavaScript else if Statement

The else if statement is used when we need to check multiple conditions.

let mark = 90;

if (mark >= 90) {
    console.log("excellent");
}
else if (mark >= 70) {
    console.log("very good");
}
else if (mark >= 50) {
    console.log("good");
}
else {
    console.log("improve");
}

Explanation

mark is assigned the value 90.
The first condition mark >= 90 is checked.
Since 90 is equal to 90, the condition is true.
The code inside the first if block is executed.
Once a condition becomes true, the remaining else if conditions are skipped.

Output:

excellent

How else if Works

The program checks conditions from top to bottom.

Check mark >= 90
If false, check mark >= 70
If false, check mark >= 50
If all conditions are false, execute the else block

Example 2

let mark = 75;

if (mark >= 90) {
    console.log("excellent");
}
else if (mark >= 70) {
    console.log("very good");
}
else if (mark >= 50) {
    console.log("good");
}
else {
    console.log("improve");
}

Explanation

75 >= 90 → false
75 >= 70 → true
The second block executes.
Remaining conditions are skipped.

Output:

very good

Example 3

let mark = 40;

if (mark >= 90) {
    console.log("excellent");
}
else if (mark >= 70) {
    console.log("very good");
}
else if (mark >= 50) {
    console.log("good");
}
else {
    console.log("improve");
}

Explanation

40 >= 90 → false
40 >= 70 → false
40 >= 50 → false
All conditions are false.
The else block executes.

Output:

improve

Conclusion

Use else if when you need to check multiple conditions.
Conditions are checked from top to bottom.
As soon as one condition becomes true, its block is executed.
The remaining conditions are ignored.
If no condition is true, the else block is executed.

switch statement

let day = 2;
        switch (day) {
            case 1:
                console.log("sunday")
                break;
            case 2:
                console.log("monday")
                break;
            case 3:
                console.log("tuesday")
                break;
            case 4:
                console.log("wednesday")
                break;
            case 5:
                console.log("thursday")
                break;
            case 6:
                console.log("friday")
                break;
            case 7:
                console.log("saturday")
                break;
            default:
                console.log("invalid")

        }

Explanation
day is assigned the value 2.
The switch statement checks the value of day.
It compares day with each case.
case 2 matches the value.
The code inside case 2 is executed.
The break statement stops the execution of the switch block.

Output:

monday

Function

Guna Ramesh — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 06:16:01 +0000

In JavaScript, a function is a block of code designed to perform a specific task. It runs when it is called (invoked).
Function Declaration
A Function Declaration is a way of creating a function in JavaScript using the function keyword followed by the function name. It defines a reusable block of code that performs a specific task whenever the function is called.

code
function name(){
console.log("Gunalan")
}
name()
output
Gunalan
How to receive and give the arguments in function?
function name(name1,name2){
console.log("Gunalan")
console.log(name1,name2)
}
name("guna","ramesh")
I created a function named name.
The function has two parameters, name1 and name2.
Parameters are used to receive values when the function is called.
When I call the function using name("guna", "ramesh"), the values "guna" and "ramesh" are called arguments.
The first argument ("guna") is assigned to name1.
The second argument ("ramesh") is assigned to name2.
Then the function executes its code and prints:

Gunalan
guna ramesh

example 2 add two values in function
function name(val1,val2){
console.log("Gunalan")
console.log(val1+val2)
}
name(90,87)
output
Gunalan
177
when use return in function
Use return when you want a function to send a value back to where it was called.
function name(val1,val2){
console.log("Gunalan")
console.log(val1+val2)
return val1-val2
}
let result=name(90,87)
console.log(result)
output
Gunalan
177
3
Function Expression
Function Expression is a syntax (how you define a function as a value), while Storing in a variable is an action (how you assign that value).
const name=function(){
console.log("gunalan")
}
name()
output
gunalan

if you call before function expression its show error because its stored one variable.So dont call previously.
name()
const name=function(){
console.log("gunalan")
}
output
ReferenceError: Cannot access 'name' before initialization

Python Train Task 1

Guna Ramesh — Thu, 28 May 2026 08:52:51 +0000

Task1:
Two trains are travelling one place to another place.
Total no of station is 300.
The 1st train will stop every 3rd station and
2nd train will stop every 5th station.
I need a following output :
if 1st train stops in any stations.print Train 1 is stopped
if 2nd train stops in any stations.print Train 2 is stopped
And both trains are stops in same stations print Both Trains are stopped.

program:
station=1
totalstation=300
while totalstation>=station:
    if station%3==0 and station%5==0:
        print(station,"Both Trains are stopped.")
    elif station%3==0:
        print(station,"Train 1 is stopped.")
    elif station%5==0:
        print(station,"Train 2 is stopped.")
    station=station+1

output:
3 Train 1 is stopped.
5 Train 2 is stopped.
6 Train 1 is stopped.
9 Train 1 is stopped.
10 Train 2 is stopped.
12 Train 1 is stopped.
15 Both Trains are stopped.
18 Train 1 is stopped.
20 Train 2 is stopped.
21 Train 1 is stopped.
24 Train 1 is stopped.
25 Train 2 is stopped.
27 Train 1 is stopped.
30 Both Trains are stopped.
33 Train 1 is stopped.
35 Train 2 is stopped.
36 Train 1 is stopped.
39 Train 1 is stopped.
40 Train 2 is stopped.
42 Train 1 is stopped.
45 Both Trains are stopped.
48 Train 1 is stopped.
50 Train 2 is stopped.
51 Train 1 is stopped.
54 Train 1 is stopped.
55 Train 2 is stopped.
57 Train 1 is stopped.
60 Both Trains are stopped.
63 Train 1 is stopped.
65 Train 2 is stopped.
66 Train 1 is stopped.
69 Train 1 is stopped.
70 Train 2 is stopped.
72 Train 1 is stopped.
75 Both Trains are stopped.
78 Train 1 is stopped.
80 Train 2 is stopped.
81 Train 1 is stopped.
84 Train 1 is stopped.
85 Train 2 is stopped.
87 Train 1 is stopped.
90 Both Trains are stopped.
93 Train 1 is stopped.
95 Train 2 is stopped.
96 Train 1 is stopped.
99 Train 1 is stopped.
100 Train 2 is stopped.
102 Train 1 is stopped.
105 Both Trains are stopped.
108 Train 1 is stopped.
110 Train 2 is stopped.
111 Train 1 is stopped.
114 Train 1 is stopped.
115 Train 2 is stopped.
117 Train 1 is stopped.
120 Both Trains are stopped.
123 Train 1 is stopped.
125 Train 2 is stopped.
126 Train 1 is stopped.
129 Train 1 is stopped.
130 Train 2 is stopped.
132 Train 1 is stopped.
135 Both Trains are stopped.
138 Train 1 is stopped.
140 Train 2 is stopped.
141 Train 1 is stopped.
144 Train 1 is stopped.
145 Train 2 is stopped.
147 Train 1 is stopped.
150 Both Trains are stopped.
153 Train 1 is stopped.
155 Train 2 is stopped.
156 Train 1 is stopped.
159 Train 1 is stopped.
160 Train 2 is stopped.
162 Train 1 is stopped.
165 Both Trains are stopped.
168 Train 1 is stopped.
170 Train 2 is stopped.
171 Train 1 is stopped.
174 Train 1 is stopped.
175 Train 2 is stopped.
177 Train 1 is stopped.
180 Both Trains are stopped.
183 Train 1 is stopped.
185 Train 2 is stopped.
186 Train 1 is stopped.
189 Train 1 is stopped.
190 Train 2 is stopped.
192 Train 1 is stopped.
195 Both Trains are stopped.
198 Train 1 is stopped.
200 Train 2 is stopped.
201 Train 1 is stopped.
204 Train 1 is stopped.
205 Train 2 is stopped.
207 Train 1 is stopped.
210 Both Trains are stopped.
213 Train 1 is stopped.
215 Train 2 is stopped.
216 Train 1 is stopped.
219 Train 1 is stopped.
220 Train 2 is stopped.
222 Train 1 is stopped.
225 Both Trains are stopped.
228 Train 1 is stopped.
230 Train 2 is stopped.
231 Train 1 is stopped.
234 Train 1 is stopped.
235 Train 2 is stopped.
237 Train 1 is stopped.
240 Both Trains are stopped.
243 Train 1 is stopped.
245 Train 2 is stopped.
246 Train 1 is stopped.
249 Train 1 is stopped.
250 Train 2 is stopped.
252 Train 1 is stopped.
255 Both Trains are stopped.
258 Train 1 is stopped.
260 Train 2 is stopped.
261 Train 1 is stopped.
264 Train 1 is stopped.
265 Train 2 is stopped.
267 Train 1 is stopped.
270 Both Trains are stopped.
273 Train 1 is stopped.
275 Train 2 is stopped.
276 Train 1 is stopped.
279 Train 1 is stopped.
280 Train 2 is stopped.
282 Train 1 is stopped.
285 Both Trains are stopped.
288 Train 1 is stopped.
290 Train 2 is stopped.
291 Train 1 is stopped.
294 Train 1 is stopped.
295 Train 2 is stopped.
297 Train 1 is stopped.
300 Both Trains are stopped.

What is Sep-Seperate in Python?

Guna Ramesh — Wed, 27 May 2026 06:12:42 +0000

sep **stands for separator
**sep works only when there are 2 or more values.
Its cant work if any one value is available.

print("Gunalan", sep="*")
output
Gunalan

If you didn't use **sep **to make a **space **By default Python uses space, so we use sep to change it.

program
print("Gunalan","Ramesh")
output
Gunalan Ramesh

So we need any thing instead of Space use sep for change.
Example:

program
print("Gunalan","Ramesh",sep="*")
output
Gunalan*Ramesh
print("Gunalan","Ramesh",sep=".")
output
Gunalan.Ramesh
print("Gunalan","Ramesh",sep="with")
output
GunalanwithRamesh
But you did \n 
output
Gunalan
Ramesh

Reason is \n is used for push next value to next line.
Symbol Meaning
\n next line
\t tab space
\ backslash
\' single quote
\" double quote
They are special commands inside .

JavaScript Scenario Questions (Variables, Operators, Conditional Statements)

Guna Ramesh — Tue, 26 May 2026 14:14:33 +0000

1.You are building a login system. Store username and password in variables and check whether both are filled.

Program
let username="gunalan";
let password="ramesh"
if(username!==""&&password!==""){
    console.log("filled")
}
else{
    console.log("Not filled")
}

output
filled

Explanation:
I created two variables named username and password using the let keyword and assigned values to them.
Then, I used an if condition to check whether both variables are filled or not.
"" means empty
!== "" means not empty (filled)
&& means both conditions must be true
So, the condition checks if both username and password are not empty.
If both are filled, it prints "filled".
Otherwise, it prints "Not filled".
So the output is "filled".

2.Create variables to store a product's name, price, and stock. Print a message like:
"iPhone costs ₹60000 and only 5 left in stock"

program
       let name="iPhone"
       let price=60000
       let stock=5
       console.log(name,"costs","₹"+price,"and only",stock,"left in stock")

output
       "iPhone costs ₹60000 and only 5 left in stock"

Explanation:

I created three variables using let: name, price, and stock, and assigned values to them.

Then, I used console.log() to print a message using those variables.

The output will be:
"iPhone costs ₹ 60000 and only 5 left in stock"

name → product name
price → product price
stock → available quantity

console.log() is used to display the message by combining text and variables.

3.Store a student's marks in 3 subjects and calculate total.

let tamil=98
let english=100
let maths=100
let total=tamil+english+maths
console.log(total)

output
298

explanation
I created three variables: tamil, english, and maths, and assigned marks to them.

Then, I calculated the total using:
let total = tamil + english + maths;

Finally, I printed the total using console.log().

4.Swap two numbers without using a third variable.

program
let a=10;
let b=20
    a=a+b 
    b=a-b 
    a=a-b
    console.log(a,b)

output
20 10

Explanation
Add both → a = a + b a=10+20=30
Get original a → b = a - b b=a-b =>30-20=10
Get original b → a = a - b a=a-b =>30-10=20

5.Create a variable that stores whether a user is logged in or not and show a welcome message.

program
  let loggedin=true
  if(loggedin){
      console.log("Your'e welcome!")
  }
  else{
      console.log("login first")
  }

output
Your'e welcome!

Some Task In Operators in Javascript

Guna Ramesh — Tue, 26 May 2026 03:48:05 +0000

Operators Task

Task 1
let a = 15;
let b = 4;

Find:

a + b
a % b

program:
    let a =15;
    let b=4;
    console.log (a+b);
    console.log (a%b);

output:
    19
    3

Task 2
let x = 10;
x += 20;

Final value?

program:
    let x=10;
    x=x+=20; //x=x+20//
    console.log(x)

output:
    30

Task 3

Output guess:

console.log(5 == "5");
console.log(5 === "5");

program:
    console.log(5 == "5");
    console.log(5 === "5");

output: 
    true
    false

explanation:
== is only check a value.
=== is check a value and datatype if anyone is different it said false.
Task 4 (Real-life)
let age = 17;

Check:

age >= 18 → print true/false

program:
    age=17;
    if(age>=18){
        console.log("true")
    }
    else{
        console.log("false")
    }

output:
    false

explanation:

The variable age is initialized with the value 17
The if statement checks whether the condition age >= 18 is true
Since 17 is less than 18, the condition becomes false
When the condition is false, the else block is executed
Therefore, the program prints "false"
Output:
false
Task 5: Even or Odd (Using %)
let num = 7;

Check:

If remainder is 0 → even
Else → odd

Print result

program:
let num = 7;
if (num%2==0){
console.log("even")
}
else{
console.log("odd")
}

output:
odd

🔍 Explanation

 The variable num is assigned the value 7

 The condition num % 2 === 0 checks whether the number is divisible by 2

 If the remainder is 0, the number is even

 If the remainder is not 0, the number is odd

 Here, 7 % 2 = 1, so the condition is false

 Therefore, the else block executes

Output
odd

Key Point

% (modulus) operator is used to find the remainder
Even numbers → remainder 0
Odd numbers → remainder not 0
Task 5: Logical Operators
let age = 22;
let hasID = true;

Check:

age > 18 AND hasID → ?
age < 18 OR hasID → ?

Print both outputs

program:
    let age = 22;
    let hasID = true;
    console.log(age>18 && hasID)
    console.log(age<13||hasID)
output:
    true
    true

what happens?
The variable age is assigned the value 22
The variable hasID is assigned the value true
Condition 1: age > 18 && hasID

age > 18 → 22 > 18 → true
hasID → true

Using AND (&&):
Both conditions must be true

Result:
true && true → true

Condition 2: age < 18 || hasID

age < 18 → 22 < 18 → false
hasID → true

Using OR (||):
At least one condition must be true

Result:
false || true → true

Output
true
true

Key Points

 && (AND) → both conditions must be true
 || (OR) → any one condition is enough
 Logical operators are used for decision making

Python Tasks

Guna Ramesh — Tue, 26 May 2026 03:43:25 +0000

The following programs clearly explain the concept of indentation and highlight common mistakes we usually make.
1.expected output is "1 1 1 1 1"

program:
count = 1
while count<=5:
print(1, end=' ') #print(1, end='\n')
count=count+1

output:
1 1 1 1 1

What happens in this program?

Initially, the variable count is assigned the value 1

The while loop checks whether count is less than or equal to 5

If the condition is true, the loop executes

Inside the loop, the value 1 is printed followed by a space

After printing, the value of count is increased by 1

Now count becomes 2, and the loop runs again

This process continues until count becomes greater than 5

When count becomes 6, the condition becomes false, and the loop stops

Output
1 1 1 1 1

Additional Note

If you use:

print(1, end='\n')

The output will be:

Program 1
Expected Output
2 4 6 8 10 6 12
Program
count = 1
while count <= 5:
print(count * 2, end=' ')
count = count + 1

print(count, end=' ')
print(count * 2)
Explanation

Initially, count is assigned the value 1

The loop runs while count <= 5

Inside the loop, count * 2 is printed with a space

After each iteration, count is increased by 1

When the loop ends, count becomes 6

After the loop:

print(count, end=' ') prints 6
print(count * 2) prints 12
Output

2 4 6 8 10 6 12

Program 2
Expected Output
2 4 6 8 10 6
12
Program
count = 1
while count <= 5:
print(count * 2, end=' ')
count = count + 1

print(count)
print(count * 2)
Explanation

The loop works the same as in Program 1

After the loop ends, count = 6

print(count) prints 6 and moves to the next line

print(count * 2) prints 12 on a new line

Output
2 4 6 8 10 6
12
Important Concept: Indentation

If indentation is not handled correctly, the output will be unexpected.

Wrong Program
count = 1
while count <= 5:
print(count * 2, end=' ')
count = count + 1
print(count)
print(count * 2)
What happens?

The last two print statements are inside the loop because of indentation

So they execute in every iteration

This produces repeated and mixed output

Output
2 2
4
4 3
6
6 4
8
8 5
10
10 6
12
Final Key Points

Indentation decides whether code is inside or outside the loop
end=' ' prints in the same line
end='\n' prints in the next line
print() moves to the next line
Always align indentation carefully