DEVELOPMENT OF LORAWAN FOR INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION

HABINAYA P — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 12:05:23 +0000

The objective of this project is to develop a low-power automation system capable of reliable long-range communication and centralized monitoring. The growing use of automation in industrial, agricultural, and smart city applications demands wireless technologies that overcome the limitations
of conventional wired and short-range systems in terms of coverage, scalability, and power consumption. To address this, a LoRaWAN-based automation framework using the Core1262-868M LoRa module operating in the 868 MHz ISM band is proposed, enabling secure, long-distance, and
energy-efficient remote monitoring and control.
This work demonstrates a simple and practical automation system using three connected boards. The board is used to send signals through a switch, allowing the user to turn the system ON or OFF. The second board acts as an intermediate unit that passes the message forward. The third board receives the signal and controls an LED accordingly. When the switch is operated, the LED responds instantly, showing successful communication between the boards. This communication process can be done by connecting multiple intermediate nodes to achieve the expected outcome. This setup
highlights an easy and reliable way to achieve remote control using a step-by-step signal transfer method.

Federated Banking Access Framework with Smart Credentialing

HABINAYA P — Thu, 06 Nov 2025 05:51:48 +0000

INTRODUCTION:
An Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is an electronic banking device that allows customers to perform transactions such as cash withdrawals, deposits, and fund transfers anytime without the assistance of bank staff. Initially, ATMs were limited to serving customers of a single bank, but interbank networks now enable users to access accounts from multiple institutions. Despite this advancement, many customers still carry separate ATM cards for different banks, leading to inconvenience, difficulty in remembering multiple PINs, and increased security risks. To address these issues, our project proposes the integration of multiple bank accounts onto a single smart ATM card. Through this system, users can securely access and select any of their linked bank accounts using one card. The objective is to enhance convenience, strengthen security, and simplify multi-bank interactions through a unified and intelligent banking access framework.

OBJECTIVE:
To design and implement a smart ATM card capable of securely accessing multiple bank accounts through a centralized switching system. This innovation aims to eliminate the need for customers to carry multiple ATM cards by integrating all their bank accounts onto a single smart card. The framework leverages smart credentialing and advanced encryption to ensure enhanced security, privacy, and authentication during every transaction. Through a central switch, communication between various banking networks is streamlined, enabling seamless interoperability and faster authorization. The project seeks to improve user convenience, strengthen transaction security, and establish a unified federated model for multi-bank access. Ultimately, it aims to create a more efficient, secure, and customer-centric banking experience across financial institutions.

LITERATURE SURVEY:
Several researchers have explored Smart ATM Card with Multiple Banking Account with various techniques:
M. Madhan Babu et al. (2022) Proposed a smart ATM card using EMV protocol and encrypted credential verification to access multiple bank accounts securely.
K. C. Rao et al. (2023) Designed a multi-account embedded smart ATM card with enhanced security using dual authentication through PIN and fingerprint.
Akhila P. et al. (2024) Developed a smart and secure ATM card model integrating multiple bank accounts with PIN verification and transaction data logging.
Katakam Swathi and Prof. M. Sudhakar (2023) Proposed a multi-account embedded ATM card using dual authentication (fingerprint and PIN) integrated through the National Financial Switch for seamless multi-bank transactions.
Hareesh K. V., Surya P., and Reddy C. V. (2023) Developed a smart and secure ATM card model employing RFID/NFC protocol with dual authentication (PIN and fingerprint) for multi-factor protection.

HARDWARE SETUP AND TRANSACTION FLOW:
The methodology uses hardware tools including an MFRC522 RFID reader for card interface, Arduino Uno with GSM shield as the controller, a 4x4 keypad for user input, a 16x2 I2C LCD for display, and a GSM module for connectivity. Software libraries employed include the MFRC522 library for card communication, keypad library for user input handling, LiquidCrystal_I2C for display control, and GSM library for network communication. The block diagram features an Arduino Mega as the central controller connected to the power supply, GSM module, servo motor, buck converter, keypad, RFID reader with RFID tag, and LCD. The flow chart describes the process where the user inserts an ATM card, which signs using ECDSA and returns a token (ID) the ATM then forwards this token and transaction data to the central smart switch for processing.

RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION:
The developed Smart ATM system was successfully designed and implemented using RFID, GSM, and microcontroller technologies. The experimental results give below the pictures show the complete working sequence of the system—from card scanning, bank selection, and PIN verification to OTP authentication and transaction processing. Once the user scans the RFID card, the account details are displayed, followed by PIN and OTP verification to ensure multi-level security. After successful authentication, users can choose services such as balance inquiry, withdrawal, or deposit.
The system efficiently displays each step on the LCD and sends transaction details, including withdrawal amount and remaining balance, to the user’s registered mobile number via GSM. This demonstrates a secure and reliable ATM model that minimizes unauthorized access while allowing a single smart card to manage multiple bank accounts, enhancing both safety and user convenience.

DEV Community: HABINAYA P

DEVELOPMENT OF LORAWAN FOR INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION

Federated Banking Access Framework with Smart Credentialing