DEV Community: Hady Eslam

Engine - Yet Another Programming Language

Hady Eslam — Thu, 25 Jan 2024 18:00:40 +0000

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
اللَّهُمَّ انْفَعْنِي بِمَا عَلَّمْتَنِي، وَعَلِّمْنِي مَا يَنْفَعُنِي، وَزِدْنِي عِلْمًا

Although there exist many programming languages on earth, This will not weaver my determination from announcing my new programming language ( Engine - The Next Generation Of Programming Languages ) ✌️

wanting to create something new and to deepen my knowledge, I have been thinking why not create a new language? with new feature and design?

Engine is a programming language that is based on Rust programming language.

Introduction

Engine is a new programming language which it's compiler is based on Rust programming language. This has many benefits:

Rust is fast. with memory safty guaranties
No garbash collection model.
It actually can be used as
- Compiler
- Interpreter
- Byte Code Generator (That compile your code into byte code file)
- Byte code executer (Interpreter that execute your code)

Installing

First clone the repo

git clone git@github.com:engine-lang/engine.git

Then create engine file

touch test.en

and put this code

string variable_1 = "hello"
print(variable_1)

string variable_2 = ", world!!!!"
print(variable_2)

Run engine as Interpreter

You can run engine as an interpreter on the file by just running

cargo run "test.en"

it should print

hello, world!!!!

Run engine as a Compiler

You can run engine as a compiler which will generate an executable.

cargo run "test.en" -e

it will generate an executable file called test, and to run it

./test

it should print

hello, world!!!!

Generate byte Code

You can generate a byte code like this

cargo run "test.en" -b

it will generate a file called test.en.byte in this format

0:EngineByteCode:v0.1.0
1:Assign:string:"temp_stack1_variable_1":"hello"
2:Assign:string:"stack1_variable_variable_1":""
3:Convert:string:"stack1_variable_variable_1":"temp_stack1_variable_1"
4:Print:"stack1_variable_variable_1"
5:Assign:string:"temp_stack1_variable_2":", world!!!!"
6:Assign:string:"stack1_variable_variable_2":""
7:Convert:string:"stack1_variable_variable_2":"temp_stack1_variable_2"
8:Print:"stack1_variable_variable_2"
9:End:

you can then use it to your specific cases, or you can run it using engine vm

Run engine as VM(Virtual Machine)

To execute the engine byte code file, you can run

cargo run "test.en.byte" --vm

it will interprete the file

Comments

# This is a single line comment
/*
    This is
    multi line
    comment
*/

Defining Variables

bool variable = True
bool variable_1 = False
bool variable_2 = False || True

int variable_0 = 5
int variable_1 = 6 + 5 - 7 * 7 / 2 + (
    5 - variable_0 * ( 6 % 2 )
)

variable_1 += 5

double variable = 6.2 + 8
double variable_2 = 0.1 - 0.4


char variable = 'H'
char variable_1 = "h"

string variable = "Hello World"
string variable_1 = 'Hello world!!'
string variable_2 = "Hello" + " World" + ',' + ' Dude!!!'

Define variable without writing the type

You can define variables without writing the variable type like that.

var new_variable = True

or directly

new_variable = True

the language will try to infer the type of the variable then define new variable
based on the infered type, so the new variable will be of type boolean.

A Note

take a special note that if you define character like this

new_variable = 'H'

the language will consider it as string.

New line is the line terminator for the statement (like simicolon in c and c++)

Precedence

This is the precedence of the operators

( True, False, Int Number, Double Number, Variable, Character, String, Open Parenthese - Close Parenthese - () )
( *, /, % )
( +, - )
( <, <=, >, >= )
( ==, != )
( && )
( || )

Print Statement

To print a variable you can do

bool variable = False
print(variable)

print("Hello, " + "World !!!")

Input Statement

To get an input from the console

var line = input()

input will be of type String.

to get input of another types

var line1 = input() as bool
var line2 = input() as int
var line3 = input() as double
var line4 = input() as char
var line5 = input() as string

this will get the input from console and convert it to the type you specified.

you can also use it in an expression like this.

var x = 5 + input() as int + 7
print(x)

it take the input and assign the result sum value to x variable.

If Statement

You can make an if statement in this syntax

x = input() as int
if x > 5 {
    print("X is Greater than 5")
}
else if x < 5{
    print("X is less than 5")
}
else{
    print("X is equal to 5")
}

Nested If

you can make nested if

x = input() as int
if x > 5{
    if x < 10{
        print("X is Greater than 5 and less than 10")
    }
    else{
        print("X is Greater than 10")
    }
}

For Loop

Syntax

you can create a for loop statement like this

for i in (start, end, step){
    # Statements
}

Or you can skip any element like this

for i in (, end, step){
    # Statements
}

This will generate loop starting from 0

for i in (start, , step){
    # Statements
}

This will make an infinity loop as we didn't define end

for i in (start, end, ){
    # Statements
}

This will loop forever as we didn't increament the step counter

Examples

for i in (0, 10, 1){
    print(i)
    print("\n")
}

Break Statement

You can define break statement inside for loop statement like this

start = 0
end = 10
step = 1
for i in (start, end, step){
    if x > 5{
        break
    }
}

Continue Statement

You can define continue statement inside for loop statement like this

start = 0
end = 10
step = 1
for i in (start, end, step){
    if x > 5{
        continue
    }
    print("Hello World\n")
}

Byte Code

Introduction

This is the byte code instructions that will be generated if you want to compile the code into byte code.

`EngineByteCode` Instruction

This is the first instruction in the file

LINE:EngineByteCode:v0.1.0

LINE => is the current instruction line, it will start from 0
EngineByteCode => Instruction Type
v0.1.0 => Current version

`Assign` Instruction

This instruction is used to create new variable then assign it with value.

LINE:Assign:VariableType:"VariableName":VariableValue

LINE => is the current instruction line
Assign => is the instruction Type
VariableType => is the Variable type for ex: (bool, int, double, character, string)
"VariableName" => Variable Name with double quotes
VariableValue => The value for the variable for ex: (True, False, 5, 'H', "Hello")

Exampls

5:Assign:bool:"variable_1":True
6:Assign:bool:"variable_2":False
7:Assign:int:"variable_3":5
8:Assign:double:"variable_4":5.2
9:Assign:char:"variable_5":'H'
10:Assign:string:"variable_6":"Hello, World!"

`Convert` Instruction

This instruction is used to convert the value from type to another.

LINE:Convert:ConvertToType:"AsssignToVariableName":"FromVariableName"

LINE => is the current instruction line
Convert => Instruction Type
ConvertToType => This is the convert to type for ex: (bool, int, double, character, string)
"AsssignToVariableName" => Variable name which the converted value will be put in it.
"FromVariableName" => Variable name which will have the value which needs to be converted.

Examples

5:Convert:bool:"Variable2":"Variable1"
6:Convert:double:"Variable3":"Variable4"
7:Convert:char:"Variable5":"Variable6"

`Operation` Instruction

This is the operations instruction

LINE:Operation:OperationType:"AssignToVariableName":"LeftVariableName":"RightVariableName"

LINE => is the current instruction line
Operation => Instruction Type
OperationType => Operation Type ( Plus, Minus, Mul, Div, Mod, And, Or, GreaterThan, GreaterThanOrEqual, LessThan, LessThanOrEqual, Equal, NotEqual)
"AssignToVariableName" => The variable name which the final value will be assigned to it.
"LeftVariableName" => the first variable
"RightVariableName" => the second variable

Examples

6:Operation:Plus:"Variable3":"Variable2":"Variable1"
7:Operation:And:"Variable5":"Variable4":"Variable3"

`Print` Instruction

This is the print instruction

LINE:Print:"VariableName"

LINE => is the current instruction line
Print => Instruction Type
"VariableName" => The variable name to print

Examples

5:Print:"Variable"

`Input` Instruction

This is the input instruction.

LINE:Input:"VariableName"

LINE => is the current instruction line
Input => Instruction Type
"VariableName" => The variable name to put the input value in it.

Examples

18:Input:"temp_stack1_variable_7"

`If` Instruction

This is the if control flow instruction.

LINE:If:"VariableName":GoToLINE

LINE => is the current instruction line
If => Instruction Type
"VariableName" => Variable name to compare it's value, it's value will be True or False.
GoToLINE => The Instruction line to go to if the condition for if statement is False, ("VariableName" value is False)

Examples

227:If:"temp_stack2_variable_108":234

`GoTo` Instruction

This is the Go to instruction, which is used to just go for another line.

LINE:GoTo:GoToLine

LINE => is the current instruction line
GoTo => Instruction Type
GoToLine => The line number to go to it.

Examples

233:GoTo:246

`End` Instruction

This is the last byte code instruction to be generated

LINE:End:

LINE => is the current instruction line
End => Instruction Type

Examples

130:End:

Conclusion & Contributing

Engine is still under development, but i hope to release it in this year.
So if you want to coontribute, please do not hesitate to do that. you don't need to know rust to contribute, there are many ways to contribute like improving syntax, improving docs, etc...
Engine language Repo
You can DM Me at abdoaslam000@gmail.com or at LinkedIn

Designing new programming language

Hady Eslam — Sat, 23 Dec 2023 19:11:59 +0000

Hi everyone.

I am currently designing a new programming language that is based on Rust programming language, which will have a set of new features and powerful techniques. which I think will change the game.

so if there is anyone interested or wants to help, please DM me abdoaslam000@gmail.com

Qnotly - VSCode Extension

Hady Eslam — Fri, 09 Jun 2023 15:42:30 +0000

Introduction

Hello Dev.to Community.

I am Very happy to announce the launch of Qnotly in Producthunt Qnotly Launch page.

Qnotly is a vscode extension to take notes on your code and save it for later use.
This will help you to write notes in code so you can list them and see them for later.

You Can Save QNote, by highlighting the code you write and right-click and choose Save Qnote. and when you click on the file it will show you all Qnotes that exist in this file.
You can even delete them if you want.

This Extension will help you to right your own comments or notes about the code without writing comments in the code. also, it will help you to remember why this code exists by looking into your Qnotes in this file.

This project still has more areas for improvement, and I would love to hear from you if you have any feedback, new feature, etc... this will be a great help for me to improve this extension and be more stable for use. Also can you help in upvoting and using it in producthunt, This will be a great help for me.

Resources

Producthunt Launch Page: Launch Page
To find the extension in vscode market Extension in market
Github Repo Qnotly Vscode Extension
To Request a Feature Or Report Bug Go To Qnotly Vscode Extension

Do not hesitate to contact me if you want anything: abdoaslam000@gmail.com

HTTP introduction

Hady Eslam — Wed, 16 Oct 2019 19:23:22 +0000

HTTP

Who else not heard of http in the industry or outside it, as it the language that make the clients ( Like Browsers, Aplications, Robots, Crawlers, etc ) and servers communicate with each other. and there is HTTPS Which is an Encrypted and secure version of HTTP So no man in the middle can steal your data When your client communicats with the server. It is like sending messages to each others and thats the concept that http is build upon

HTTP-Messages

HTTP Messages Have Two Types :

Request Messages : These are the messages that your client send to your
Response Messages : These are the messages that the server respond to your client which return the requested resource which the client request

HTTP-Message-Components

HTTP Messages ( Request or Response ) Consists Of Three Parts

Start Line
Headers
Message Body

1. Start Line

It is the start line of the message which determine if this message is request message or response message.

Request Start Line

The start line for request message is like this
[HTTP Method] [Resource Path] [HTTP/major.minor]

HTTP Method is the method that the client use to his Request.
The Common Methods Used is
- GET
- POST
- DELETE
- PUT
- PATCH
- CONNECT
- HEAD
- OPTIONS
- TRACE
Resource Path is the resource path or the data path which the client wants from the server.
HTTP/major.minor is the HTTP Version which is consist of major version and minor version because there is http versions out there.
- HTTP/0.9 which is the older version
- HTTP/1.0
- HTTP/1.1 which is The Commonly used version
- HTTP/2.0 I think it is the last version

And Be Careful because there is space between the method and resource path and http version.

An Example For HTTP Request Message

GET /http/What-is-HTTP HTTP/1.1
Host : dev.to

Response Start Line

The Start Line for the response message is like this
[HTTP/major.minor] [Response Code] [Response Description Line]

HTTP/major.minor is The HTTP version
Response Code is the response code that the server respond to client with it like
- 404 Which mean this resource not found
- 200 Which mean the resource found and there it is
- ...etc
Response Description Line this is just description text for the humans to understand. also note that the code for machine and the text for humans

An Example On HTTP Response Message

HTTP/1.1 200 Success
Server : Apache
Content-Type : text/html
Content-Length : 12

Hello World!

2. Headers

Headers is the data that describe the message and also an instructions to the message receiver ( client or server ) and contain other useful info about the message.

An Example on it

Server : Apache
X-Frame-Options : SAMEORIGN
Content-Length : 15

There is Many Headers But They Have Four Types

General Headers Which Used in Request and Response Messages
Entity Headers Which Contains information About The Message
Request Headers Which is Headers That Reside in Request Messages
Response Headers Which is Headers That Reside in Response Messages

3. Message Body

It Is The Resource Or Data The Client Wants Or The Server Receive

For More Resources I Think MDN Is Greet Place

DEV Community: Hady Eslam

Engine - Yet Another Programming Language

Introduction

Installing

Run engine as Interpreter

Run engine as a Compiler

Generate byte Code

Run engine as VM(Virtual Machine)

Comments

Defining Variables

Define variable without writing the type

A Note

Precedence

Print Statement

Input Statement

If Statement

Nested If

For Loop

Syntax

Examples

Break Statement

Continue Statement

Byte Code

Introduction

EngineByteCode Instruction

Assign Instruction

Exampls

Convert Instruction

Examples

Operation Instruction

Examples

Print Instruction

Examples

Input Instruction

Examples

If Instruction

Examples

GoTo Instruction

Examples

End Instruction

Examples

Conclusion & Contributing

Designing new programming language

Qnotly - VSCode Extension

Introduction

Resources

HTTP introduction

HTTP

HTTP-Messages

HTTP-Message-Components

1. Start Line

Request Start Line

Response Start Line

2. Headers

3. Message Body

`EngineByteCode` Instruction

`Assign` Instruction

`Convert` Instruction

`Operation` Instruction

`Print` Instruction

`Input` Instruction

`If` Instruction

`GoTo` Instruction

`End` Instruction