DEV Community: hardyweb

Cross Platform Application

hardyweb — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 06:09:30 +0000

Cross Platform application

Membangunkan aplikasi merentas beberapa platform seperti Linux dan Windows agak mencabor jugok lah, ia
bukan dalam bentuk native, tapi dalam bentuk web apps.

Image Optimizer

Aku ada bangunkan satu aplikasi menggunakan golang yang boleh dijalankan dalam linux dan windows,
cabaran dia adalah, bila run dalam Linux, semua fungsi ok, tapi bila run di dalam windows. ada beberapa
fungsi tidak jalan

Path

Ia berkait dengan path , dalam linux , semua program disimpan dalam /usr/bin atau usr/local/bin manakala
dalam windows pula, semua program diinstall dalam c:\Program Files.

Jika kita perasan, slash dan back slash dalam linux dan windows pun boleh menyebabkan ada path yang tidak djumpai.
jadi kena ada satu fungsi penyesuaian untuk membaca path tersebut.


// kena buat satu manipulasi dalam folder windows bernama bin dan kemudian letak nama program 
// 
   func binPath(name string) string {
        if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
            return filepath.Join("bin", name+".exe")
        }
    }

Neovim 0.12 autocomplete and native plugin manager for laravel and go

hardyweb — Mon, 13 Oct 2025 07:58:54 +0000

update 3/12/2025

mason has changed their url

https://github.com/mason-org/mason.nvim

https://github.com/mason-org/mason-lspconfig.nvim

create init.lua file inside .config/nvim , but before that, please back up all configuration files and folders first.

-- =========================================
--  NeoVim 0.12+ Native Pack + LSP Config
-- =========================================

-- Bootstrap plugins (native pack)
vim.pack.add({
    { src = "https://github.com/williamboman/mason.nvim.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/neovim/nvim-lspconfig.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/nvim-treesitter/nvim-treesitter.git", build = ":TSUpdate" },
    { src = "https://github.com/hrsh7th/nvim-cmp.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/hrsh7th/cmp-nvim-lsp.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/hrsh7th/cmp-buffer.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/L3MON4D3/LuaSnip.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/saghen/blink.cmp.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/echasnovski/mini.pairs.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/echasnovski/mini.icons.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/nvim-lualine/lualine.nvim.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/ibhagwan/fzf-lua.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/nvim-tree/nvim-web-devicons.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/folke/tokyonight.nvim.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/akinsho/toggleterm.nvim.git" },
})

-- =========================================
--  Mason setup
-- =========================================
require("mason").setup()

-- =========================================
--  LSP (New Native API)
-- =========================================
local lsp = vim.lsp

local servers = { "lua_ls", "html", "intelephense", "ts_ls", "gopls", "pyright" }

for _, server in ipairs(servers) do
    lsp.config(server, {
        capabilities = require("cmp_nvim_lsp").default_capabilities(),
        settings = {},
    })
    lsp.enable(server)
end

-- =========================================
--  Autocompletion (nvim-cmp + blink)
-- =========================================
local cmp = require("cmp")
cmp.setup({
    mapping = cmp.mapping.preset.insert({
        ["<CR>"] = cmp.mapping.confirm({ select = true }),
        ["<Tab>"] = cmp.mapping.select_next_item(),
        ["<S-Tab>"] = cmp.mapping.select_prev_item(),
    }),
    sources = {
        { name = "nvim_lsp" },
        { name = "buffer" },
    },
    experimental = { ghost_text = true },
})

pcall(require, "blink.cmp")

-- =========================================
--  Treesitter (Syntax Highlight)
-- =========================================
require("nvim-treesitter.configs").setup({
    ensure_installed = { "lua", "php", "blade", "html", "javascript", "json", "go" },
    highlight = { enable = true },
})

-- =========================================
--  UI & Aesthetic
-- =========================================
vim.cmd.colorscheme("tokyonight")

require("lualine").setup({
    options = { theme = "tokyonight" },
})

require("mini.pairs").setup()
require("mini.icons").setup()
require("nvim-web-devicons").setup()

require("toggleterm").setup({
    size = 15,
    open_mapping = [[<c-\>]], -- Default: Ctrl + \
    shade_terminals = true,
    shading_factor = 2,
    direction = "float", -- or 'horizontal' / 'vertical' / 'tab'
    float_opts = {
        border = "curved",
        winblend = 0,
    },
})

-- Helper: Toggle lazygit (if installed)
local Terminal = require("toggleterm.terminal").Terminal
local lazygit = Terminal:new({ cmd = "lazygit", hidden = true, direction = "float" })
function _lazygit_toggle()
    lazygit:toggle()
end

-- Keymaps for ToggleTerm

-- =========================================
--  Display Settings
-- =========================================
vim.opt.number = true
vim.opt.relativenumber = true
vim.opt.cursorline = true
vim.opt.signcolumn = "yes"
vim.opt.termguicolors = true
vim.opt.scrolloff = 8
vim.opt.sidescrolloff = 8

-- Dynamic relative numbers (like LazyVim)
vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("InsertEnter", {
    callback = function()
        vim.opt.relativenumber = false
    end,
})
vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("InsertLeave", {
    callback = function()
        vim.opt.relativenumber = true
    end,
})

-- =========================================
--  Clipboard Integration (WSL)
-- =========================================
-- Yank to Windows clipboard (requires `clip.exe` in WSL)
if vim.fn.has("wsl") == 1 then
    vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("TextYankPost", {
        callback = function()
            vim.fn.system("clip.exe", vim.fn.getreg('"'))
        end,
    })
    vim.opt.clipboard = "unnamedplus"
end

-- =========================================
--  Diagnostics / Auto Lint + Format
-- =========================================
vim.diagnostic.config({
    virtual_text = { prefix = "ΓùÅ" },
    signs = true,
    underline = true,
    update_in_insert = false,
    severity_sort = true,
})

local lsp_format_group = vim.api.nvim_create_augroup("LspAutoFormat", { clear = true })
vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("BufWritePre", {
    group = lsp_format_group,
    callback = function(event)
        local client = vim.lsp.get_clients({ bufnr = event.buf })[1]
        if client and client.supports_method("textDocument/formatting") then
            vim.lsp.buf.format({ async = false })
        end
    end,
})

-- =========================================
--  Keymaps
-- =========================================
vim.g.mapleader = " "
vim.g.maplocalleader = " "
local keymap = vim.keymap.set
local opts = { noremap = true, silent = true }

-- LazyVim-style FZF bindings
keymap("n", "<leader>ff", function()
    require("fzf-lua").files()
end, { desc = "Find files", unpack(opts) })
keymap("n", "<leader>fg", function()
    require("fzf-lua").live_grep()
end, { desc = "Live grep", unpack(opts) })
keymap("n", "<leader>fb", function()
    require("fzf-lua").buffers()
end, { desc = "Find buffers", unpack(opts) })
keymap("n", "<leader>fh", function()

require("fzf-lua").help_tags()
end, { desc = "Find help", unpack(opts) })

-- Format & Diagnostics
keymap("n", "<leader>lf", function()
    vim.lsp.buf.format({ async = true })
end, { desc = "Format file", unpack(opts) })
keymap("n", "<leader>ld", vim.diagnostic.open_float, { desc = "Show diagnostics", unpack(opts) })
keymap("n", "<leader>ln", vim.diagnostic.goto_next, { desc = "Next diagnostic", unpack(opts) })
keymap("n", "<leader>lp", vim.diagnostic.goto_prev, { desc = "Prev diagnostic", unpack(opts) })

-- Quick actions
keymap("n", "<leader>w", "<cmd>w<CR>", { desc = "Save file", unpack(opts) })
keymap("n", "<leader>q", "<cmd>q<CR>", { desc = "Quit Neovim", unpack(opts) })

vim.keymap.set("n", "<leader>ft", "<cmd>ToggleTerm<CR>", { desc = "Toggle terminal" })
vim.keymap.set("n", "<leader>fu", "<cmd>lua _lazygit_toggle()<CR>", { desc = "Toggle Lazygit (if available)" })
vim.keymap.set("t", "<Esc>", [[<C-\><C-n>]], { desc = "Exit terminal mode" })

keymap("n", "<leader>bb", "<cmd>bnext<CR>", { desc = "Next buffer", unpack(opts) })
keymap("n", "<leader>bp", "<cmd>bprevious<CR>", { desc = "Previous buffer", unpack(opts) })
keymap("n", "<leader>bd", "<cmd>bd<CR>", { desc = "Delete current buffer", unpack(opts) })

-- =========================================
--  NeoVim 0.12+ Native LSP (no cmp)
-- =========================================

-- Basic editor settings
vim.opt.number = true
vim.opt.relativenumber = true
vim.opt.tabstop = 2
vim.opt.softtabstop = 2
vim.cmd("set completeopt+=noselect")

-- =========================================
--  Plugins (native vim.pack)
-- =========================================
vim.pack.add({
    { src = "https://github.com/neovim/nvim-lspconfig" },
    { src = "https://github.com/mason-org/mason.nvim" },
    { src = "https://github.com/mason-org/mason-lspconfig.nvim" },
    { src = "https://github.com/WhoIsSethDaniel/mason-tool-installer.nvim" },
})

-- =========================================
--  Mason setup
-- =========================================
require("mason").setup()
require("mason-lspconfig").setup()

require("mason-tool-installer").setup({
    ensure_installed = {
        -- Core language servers
        "lua_ls",
        "html",
        "cssls",
        "intelephense",
        "emmet_ls",
        --"gopls",

        -- Formatters / tools
        "stylua",
        "blade-formatter",
    },
})

-- =========================================
--  LSP Configurations
-- =========================================

-- Lua (for Neovim config)
vim.lsp.config("lua_ls", {
    settings = {
        Lua = {
            runtime = { version = "LuaJIT" },
            diagnostics = { globals = { "vim", "require" } },
            workspace = { library = vim.api.nvim_get_runtime_file("", true) },
            telemetry = { enable = false },
        },
    },
})

-- HTML
vim.lsp.config("html", {
    filetypes = { "html", "blade", "php" },
    init_options = { provideFormatter = true },
})

-- CSS
vim.lsp.config("cssls", {
    settings = {
        css = { validate = true },
        scss = { validate = true },
        less = { validate = true },
    },
})

-- PHP (Intelephense)
vim.lsp.config("intelephense", {
    filetypes = { "php", "blade" },
    settings = {
        intelephense = {
            environment = {
                includePaths = { "app", "routes", "resources/views" },
            },
            files = {
                maxSize = 5000000,
            },
            stubs = {
                "apache",
                "bcmath",
                "bz2",
                "calendar",
                "Core",
                "curl",
                "date",
                "dom",
                "fileinfo",
                "filter",
                "ftp",
                "gd",
                "hash",
                "iconv",
                "json",
                "libxml",
                "mbstring",
                "openssl",
                "pcre",
                "PDO",
                "pdo_mysql",
                "Phar",
                "readline",
                "Reflection",
                "session",
                "SimpleXML",
                "sockets",
                "sodium",
                "standard",
                "tokenizer",
                "xml",
                "xmlreader",
                "xmlwriter",
                "zip",
                "zlib",
                "laravel",
                "wordpress",
                "woocommerce",
            },
        },
    },
})

-- Laravel Blade (via emmet + formatter)
vim.lsp.config("emmet_ls", {
    filetypes = { "html", "css", "blade", "php" },
    init_options = {
        html = { options = { ["bem.enabled"] = true } },
    },
})

-- =========================================
--  Native autocompletion trigger
-- =========================================
vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("LspAttach", {
    callback = function(ev)
        local client = vim.lsp.get_client_by_id(ev.data.client_id)
        if client ~= nil and client:supports_method("textDocument/completion") then
            vim.lsp.completion.enable(true, client.id, ev.buf, { autotrigger = true })
        end
    end,
})

Ini yang terbaharu, telah dioptimize ke 155ms load.

-- =========================================
--  NeoVim 0.12+ Native Pack + LSP Config, optimize  with load 155ms
-- =========================================

-- Bootstrap plugins (native pack)
vim.pack.add({
    { src = "https://github.com/williamboman/mason.nvim.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/williamboman/mason-lspconfig.nvim.git" }, -- Γ£à Added
    { src = "https://github.com/neovim/nvim-lspconfig.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/nvim-treesitter/nvim-treesitter.git",  build = ":TSUpdate" },
    { src = "https://github.com/hrsh7th/nvim-cmp.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/hrsh7th/cmp-nvim-lsp.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/hrsh7th/cmp-buffer.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/L3MON4D3/LuaSnip.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/echasnovski/mini.pairs.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/echasnovski/mini.icons.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/nvim-lualine/lualine.nvim.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/ibhagwan/fzf-lua.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/folke/tokyonight.nvim.git" },
    { src = "https://github.com/akinsho/toggleterm.nvim.git" },
    -- Γ¥î Removed nvim-web-devicons (using mini.icons instead)
})

-- =========================================
--  Mason setup
-- =========================================
require("mason").setup()
require("mason-lspconfig").setup({
    -- ensure_installed = { "lua_ls", "html", "intelephense", "ts_ls", "gopls", "pyright" },

})

-- =========================================
--  Autocompletion (nvim-cmp) ΓÇö must come BEFORE LSP config
-- =========================================
local cmp = require("cmp")
local luasnip = require("luasnip")

require("luasnip.loaders.from_vscode").lazy_load() -- optional: load VS Code snippets

cmp.setup({
    snippet = {
        expand = function(args)
            luasnip.lsp_expand(args.body)
        end,
    },
    mapping = cmp.mapping.preset.insert({
        ["<CR>"] = cmp.mapping.confirm({ select = true }),
        ["<Tab>"] = cmp.mapping.select_next_item(),
        ["<S-Tab>"] = cmp.mapping.select_prev_item(),
    }),
    sources = {
        { name = "nvim_lsp" },
        { name = "luasnip" }, -- Γ£à Added
        { name = "buffer" },
    },
    experimental = { ghost_text = true },
})

-- =========================================
--  LSP (New Native API)
-- =========================================
local lsp = vim.lsp
local capabilities = require("cmp_nvim_lsp").default_capabilities() -- Γ£à Now safe to call

local servers = { "lua_ls", "html", "intelephense", "ts_ls", "gopls", "pyright" }

for _, server in ipairs(servers) do
    lsp.config(server, {
        capabilities = capabilities,
        settings = {},
    })
    lsp.enable(server)
end

-- Optional: enhance lua_ls
lsp.config("lua_ls", {
    settings = {
        Lua = {
            diagnostics = { globals = { "vim" } },
            workspace = { checkThirdParty = false },
        },
    },
})

-- =========================================
--  Treesitter (Syntax Highlight)
-- =========================================
require("nvim-treesitter.configs").setup({
    ensure_installed = { "lua", "php", "blade", "html", "javascript", "json", "go" },
    highlight = { enable = true },
})

-- =========================================
--  UI & Aesthetic
-- =========================================
vim.cmd.colorscheme("tokyonight")

-- Γ£à Mock nvim-web-devicons for compatibility
require("mini.icons").setup()
require("mini.icons").mock_nvim_web_devicons()

require("lualine").setup({
    options = { theme = "tokyonight" },
})

require("mini.pairs").setup()
require("toggleterm").setup({
    size = 15,
    open_mapping = [[<c-\>]],
    shade_terminals = true,
    shading_factor = 2,
    direction = "float",
    float_opts = { border = "curved", winblend = 0 },
})

-- Helper: Toggle lazygit (if installed)
local Terminal = require("toggleterm.terminal").Terminal
local lazygit = Terminal:new({ cmd = "lazygit", hidden = true, direction = "float" })
function _lazygit_toggle()
    lazygit:toggle()
end

-- =========================================
--  Display Settings
-- =========================================
vim.opt.number = true
vim.opt.relativenumber = true
vim.opt.cursorline = true
vim.opt.signcolumn = "yes"
vim.opt.termguicolors = true
vim.opt.scrolloff = 8
vim.opt.sidescrolloff = 8

-- =========================================
--  Clipboard Integration (WSL)
-- =========================================
--if vim.fn.has("wsl") == 1 then
--  vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("TextYankPost", {
--      callback = function()
--          vim.fn.system("clip.exe", vim.fn.getreg('"'))
--      end,
--  })
--  vim.opt.clipboard = "unnamedplus"
--end


-- =========================================
--  Clipboard Integration (WSL - Lazy load)
-- =========================================
if vim.fn.has("wsl") == 1 then
    -- Simple manual yank -> clip.exe
    vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("TextYankPost", {
        callback = function()
            vim.fn.system("clip.exe", vim.fn.getreg('"'))
        end,
    })

    -- Defer clipboard provider to load after UI ready (for speed)
    vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("VimEnter", {
        once = true,
        callback = function()
            vim.defer_fn(function()
                vim.opt.clipboard = "unnamedplus"
            end, 300) -- delay 300ms after startup
        end,
    })
end
-- =========================================
--  Diagnostics / Auto Lint + Format
-- =========================================
vim.diagnostic.config({
    virtual_text = { prefix = "ΓùÅ" },
    signs = true,
    underline = true,
    update_in_insert = false,
    severity_sort = true,
})

-- Auto format before save
local lsp_format_group = vim.api.nvim_create_augroup("LspAutoFormat", { clear = true })
vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("BufWritePre", {
    group = lsp_format_group,
    callback = function(event)
        local client = vim.lsp.get_clients({ bufnr = event.buf })[1]
        if client and client.supports_method("textDocument/formatting") then
            vim.lsp.buf.format({ async = false })
        end
    end,
})

-- =========================================
--  Keymaps
-- =========================================
vim.g.mapleader = " "
vim.g.maplocalleader = " "
local keymap = vim.keymap.set
local opts = { noremap = true, silent = true }

-- FZF
keymap("n", "<leader>ff", function() require("fzf-lua").files() end, opts)
keymap("n", "<leader>fg", function() require("fzf-lua").live_grep() end, opts)
keymap("n", "<leader>fb", function() require("fzf-lua").buffers() end, opts)
keymap("n", "<leader>fh", function() require("fzf-lua").help_tags() end, opts)

-- Format & Diagnostics
keymap("n", "<leader>lf", function() vim.lsp.buf.format({ async = true }) end, opts)
keymap("n", "<leader>ld", vim.diagnostic.open_float, opts)
keymap("n", "<leader>ln", vim.diagnostic.goto_next, opts)
keymap("n", "<leader>lp", vim.diagnostic.goto_prev, opts)

-- Quick actions
keymap("n", "<leader>w", "<cmd>w<CR>", opts)
keymap("n", "<leader>q", "<cmd>q<CR>", opts)
keymap("n", "<leader>ft", "<cmd>ToggleTerm<CR>", opts)
keymap("n", "<leader>fu", "<cmd>lua _lazygit_toggle()<CR>", opts)
keymap("t", "<Esc>", [[<C-\><C-n>]], opts)

-- Buffer navigation
keymap("n", "<leader>bb", "<cmd>bnext<CR>", opts)
keymap("n", "<leader>bp", "<cmd>bprevious<CR>", opts)
keymap("n", "<leader>bd", "<cmd>bd<CR>", opts)

-- =========================================
--  Memory Watcher
-- =========================================
local api = vim.api
local timer = vim.loop.new_timer()
local win, buf
local last = 0

local function create_win()
    buf = api.nvim_create_buf(false, true)
    local opts = {
        relative = "editor",
        width = 25,
        height = 3,
        row = 1,
        col = vim.o.columns - 28,
        style = "minimal",
        border = "rounded",
    }
    win = api.nvim_open_win(buf, false, opts)
end

local function update_mem()
    local current = vim.loop.resident_set_memory() / (1024 * 1024)
    local diff = current - last
    local sign = diff >= 0 and "+" or "-"
    local text = {
        string.format("Mem: %.2f MB", current),
        string.format("Change: %s%.2f MB", sign, math.abs(diff)),
    }
    api.nvim_buf_set_lines(buf, 0, -1, false, text)
    last = current
end

vim.api.nvim_create_user_command("MemWatch", function()
    if win and api.nvim_win_is_valid(win) then
        print("Memory watcher already running")
        return
    end
    create_win()
    timer:start(0, 2000, vim.schedule_wrap(update_mem))
    print("MemoryWarning Memory watcher started")
end, {})

vim.api.nvim_create_user_command("MemWatchStop", function()
    timer:stop()
    timer:close()
    if win and api.nvim_win_is_valid(win) then
        api.nvim_win_close(win, true)
    end
    print("MemoryWarning Memory watcher stopped")
end, {})

-- Auto-stop memory watcher on exit
vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("VimLeavePre", {
    callback = function()
        pcall(vim.cmd.MemWatchStop)
    end,
})

-- =========================================
--  Plugin Update Helper
-- =========================================
vim.api.nvim_create_user_command("PackUpdate", function()
    print("≡ƒöä Updating plugins...")
    vim.pack.update()
    print("Γ£à Plugins updated!")
end, { desc = "Update all plugins (vim.pack)" })

keymap("n", "<leader>pu", "<cmd>PackUpdate<CR>", { noremap = true, silent = true })

Golang Binary Compile arm64

hardyweb — Fri, 22 Aug 2025 23:02:42 +0000

Basic cross-compile

GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -o nama_sistem_arm64 main.go

Strip debug info (reduce size)

GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags="-s -w" -o nama_sistem_arm64 main.go

Enable optimizations

GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags="-s -w" -trimpath -o nama_sistem_arm64 main.go

Reproducible build (consistent hash)

GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags="-s -w" -trimpath -buildvcs=false -o nama_sistem_arm64 main.go

Extra: compress with UPX (optional)

upx --best --lzma nama_sistem_arm64

Projek Jawi Converter: Belajar Golang Sambil Mendigitalkan Warisan Bahasa

hardyweb — Tue, 19 Aug 2025 14:17:05 +0000

Aku percaya bahawa, cara terbaik untuk belajar bahasa pengaturcaraan baru adalah dengan membangunkan projek kecil yang praktikal. Untuk projek kali ini, membangunkan tools Rumi ke Jawi Converter di jawi.hardyweb.net dengan bahasa pengaturcaran Golang.

Selain Jawi, aku juga pernah buat projek seperti QR Code generator, mod_sec_audit parser, dan parser Waktu Solat dari e-solat.gov.my. Semua projek ni kecil tapi memberi pengalaman langsung dalam bermain dengan fungsi string manipulation, API integration, dan text processing.

Idea Projek & Perbualan Dengan AI

Pada mulanya, aku tanya GPT:
“Boleh tak buat Jawi converter guna Golang?”

Cadangan GPT ialah:

Mapping Huruf – setiap huruf Rumi dipetakan kepada huruf Jawi/Hijaiyah.
Special Words / Daftar Kata – perkataan yang ejaannya unik atau tidak tepat jika mapping, akan disimpan dalam pangkalan data untuk digunakan kembali.

Contoh Mapping Huruf

Mapping ni terus menukar huruf satu-per-satu.

Special Words

Special words digunakan untuk perkataan yang mapping huruf biasa tidak menghasilkan bunyi atau ejaan tepat. Contohnya:
specialWords := map[string]string{
"allah": "الله",

"akhirat": "اخرَة",
"akhlak": "اخلاق",
"amalan": "عملن",
}

Proses Tukar Tulisan

Projek ni ikut empat langkah utama: ( ini versi awal )

Clean & Tokenize ◦ Buang whitespace / trim ◦ Pecahkan ayat kepada perkataan ◦ Kecilkan semua huruf ( change to lower case )

Cek Special Words ◦ Kalau perkataan ada dalam special_words, terus guna versi Jawi tersebut
Mapping Huruf ◦ Kalau perkataan tiada dalam special_words, tukar huruf menggunakan mapping
Gabungkan Kembali ◦ Combine token Jawi untuk membentuk ayat

for _, word := range sentenceTokens {
    cleaned := clean(word)
    if val, ok := specialWords[cleaned]; ok {
        output += val
    } else {
        output += mapLetters(cleaned)
    }
}

Cabaran Linguistik

Mapping huruf sahaja tidak mencukupi, contohnya:
• Perkataan “saya”
◦ Mapping biasa → سایا
◦ Bunyi sebenar → ساي
◦ Maka perlu dimasukkan ke special_words.
• Imbuhan depan & belakang (me-, di-, ter-, -kan, -i) memerlukan logic tambahan.
• Perkataan seperti “makan”, “dimakan”, “memakan”, “termakan”, “makanan”, “pemakan” perlu di-handle untuk ejaan yang tepat.

Menyesuaikan Dengan Peraturan Jawi Lanjutan

Apabila aku membaca nota dari Jawi Makmur dan karya Ahmad Ali Karim tentang hukum hamzah, terdapat beberapa peraturan tambahan yang perlu diambil kira selain flow asas yang dicadangkan oleh AI:
1. Penempatan Hamzah – hamzah boleh berada di atas alif (أ), bawah alif (إ), atau di atas waw/ya (ؤ/ئ) bergantung pada vokal dan kedudukan huruf.
2. Huruf Ikut Bunyi – sesetengah perkataan memerlukan penyesuaian huruf berdasarkan sebutan, bukan sekadar mapping huruf literal.
3. Gabungan Huruf & Alif Mati – dalam perkataan tertentu, alif mati atau huruf panjang perlu ditambah/ditinggalkan untuk memastikan ejaan betul.
4. Gelinciran – bunyi akhir tertentu mempengaruhi cara huruf dipetakan, terutama untuk kata nama khas dan kata ganda.

Dengan memasukkan peraturan ini ke dalam projek, output Jawi menjadi lebih tepat dan mendekati sebutan sebenar, berbanding hanya mengikut mapping AI standard + special words.
1. Hukum Derlung
◦ Singkirkan huruf ‘a’ pada akhir perkataan jika bukan ‘da, la, ra, wa, nga’.
2. padanan Huruf h dan k
3. Gelinciran / Kata Ganda / Akronim / Tiga Suku Kata
4. Ejaan Lazim & Kata Asal Arab

Contoh:
// Hukum Derlung

func applyDerlung(word string) string {
    endings := []string{"da","la","ra","wa","nga"}
    for _, e := range endings {
        if strings.HasSuffix(word, e) {
            return word
        }
    }
    // Buang huruf 'a' akhir
    if strings.HasSuffix(word, "a") {
        return word[:len(word)-1]
    }
    return word
}

Contoh Salah & Betul:
• Salah: باچا / ممباچا / ترباچا / ديباچا / باچاکان / باچاکانلاه / باچاان
• Betul: باچ / ممباچ / ترباچ / دباچ / باچکن / باچکنله / باچاءن.

Berikut adalah pipeline yang digunakan dalam jawi conveter semasa artikel ini ditulis, ia berevolusi dari 4 langkah awal sebagaimana dinyatakan di awal artikel,berkembang kerana melibatkan hukum dan peraturan-peraturan tatabahasa.

1. normalize → tokenize → standardize input.
2. specialWords → override perkataan tertentu.
3. diftong, prefix, suffix, digraph, gelinciran, hukum derlung 
4. morpho/phonological rules.
5. applyVowelAndEVariant → baru proses vowel-specific rules (awalan vokal + pepet/taling).
6. applyReduplikasi → last step sebelum mapping, sebab dia modify bentuk token.
7.mapToJawi → transliterasi.
8. joinTokens → final output string.

*pipeline 5 dan 6 tu , masih ada bug, kadang-kadang dia baca , tapi masih tak boleh tukar e pepet dan e taling dengan betul, kata ganda tu pun tak di tukar ke angka dua arab (٢) dengan betul *

Insight & Pembelajaran

1. AI + Programming = Learning Accelerator
    ◦ GPT bantu cadangkan struktur, tapi ketepatan Jawi masih bergantung pada rule + daftar perkataan.
2. Rujukan Akademik & Linguistik
    ◦ DBP & Jawi Makmur jadi rujukan untuk ejaan tepat.
    ◦ Belajar asas Jawi melalui sumber online:
        ▪ ejawimakmur.my
        ▪ Ahmad Ali Karim – Jenis Hamzah
        ▪ Ahmad Ali Karim – Tulisan Jawi Bicara
3. String Manipulation + Loops = Core Logic
    ◦ Semua proses boleh dilakukan menggunakan operasi string standard dalam programming.
4. Edge Cases & Imbuhan
    ◦ Kaedah mapping huruf sahaja tidak cukup; perlu hukum & pengecualian untuk bunyi sebenar.

Kenapa Buat Jawi Converter Sendiri Walaupun Ada Jawi Makmur & e-Jawi?
Walaupun platform rasmi wujud, projek ini berfungsi sebagai eksperimen akademik untuk menguji teori linguistik, menguji rule, imbuhan, kata ganda, dan hukum Jawi, sambil menyokong kajian computational linguistics dan digitasi warisan bahasa secara interaktif.

_Digitasi adalah proses mengubah sesuatu yang berbentuk bukan digital kepada digital. Contohnya, apabila menukarkan dokumen kertas dan menyimpannya dalam data komputer sebagai dokumen digital. _

Kesimpulan

Projek Jawi Converter bukan sekadar latihan pengaturcaran Golang. Ia adalah penghubung antara teknologi dan warisan budaya. Ini hanyalah satu usaha kecil aku untuk Malaysia – kendatipun begitu, projek Jawi Converter ini adalah sumbangan peribadi untuk melestarikan bahasa, budaya, dan warisan Melayu, sambil membina kemahiran teknologi moden.

Nota Kaki

Untuk perkataan Arab atau serapan perkataan Arab (perkatan Arab yang di Melayukan), seeloknya rujuk Ustaz- Ustazah, kerana ia melibatkan makraj dan sifat huruf Hijaiyah ( 30 abjad dalam bahasa Arab )

Rujukan / Citations
1. DBP & Jawi Makmur – sumber rasmi untuk ejaan Jawi standard
◦ https://ejawimakmur.my/02-modul-jawi.html
2. Ahmad Ali Karim – Jenis Hamzah – pembelajaran asas hukum hamzah dan penulisan Jawi
◦ https://ahmadalikarim.wordpress.com/2021/07/03/tulisan-jawi-kisah-hamzah-yang-digelar-tiga-suku/
3. Ahmad Ali Karim – Tulisan Jawi Bicara – panduan lanjut jenis hamzah & ejaan Jawi
◦ https://ahmadalikarim.wordpress.com/2021/07/04/tulisan-jawi-bicara-jenis-jenis-hamzah/
4. Rumi → Jawi Mapping & Linguistic Rules – kombinasi rule-based & special words yang dirujuk dari DBP/Jawi Makmur

Error code: Wsl/Service/AttachDisk/0x8007000f

hardyweb — Mon, 21 Jul 2025 20:59:21 +0000

Trying to Format USB Drive Manually via WSL2
Sometimes, we need to format a USB drive to Btrfs or other Linux-native filesystems, which requires mounting the device as a raw disk inside WSL2 — not just accessing it through /mnt/.

Here’s how I tried to do it:

Open Command Prompt as Administrator and run:

wmic diskdrive list brief

This will list all physical drives (e.g., \.\PHYSICALDRIVE1, \.\PHYSICALDRIVE2, etc.).

Identify which one is your USB device.

Attempt to Mount the Drive in WSL2
Run the following command to mount the raw disk into WSL (replace X with the correct drive number):

wsl --mount \\.\PHYSICALDRIVEx --bare

But I encountered this error:

Error code: Wsl/Service/AttachDisk/0x8007000f

This error may occur if your version of WSL2 doesn't support raw disk mounting properly. To fix it, update WSL to the latest (preferably pre-release) version:

Still in Command Prompt (Admin):

In cmd prompt ( Administrator mode )

wsl --update

Once the update is done, run it again with --pre-release

wsl --update --pre-release

wsl --restart

then try mount aganin.

Try Mounting Again

**
Final Notes**
Even though the USB drive is accessible via /mnt/ in WSL, that method only provides user-space access, and does not allow formatting to filesystems like Btrfs or ext4. Raw disk mounting (--mount --bare) gives you block-level access needed for tools like mkfs.btrfs.

If this still doesn't work, consider booting into a Linux distro like Manjaro/Debian and using gparted or CLI tools (mkfs.btrfs, parted) directly from there.

Incus Cluster Gone: When a Dead SD Card Wipes Your Infra

hardyweb — Thu, 17 Jul 2025 09:55:31 +0000

What happens when you run an Incus cluster with two nodes, and one of the nodes goes into a disaster — like an SD card corruption — and your .img backup doesn't help after recovery?

Step-by-step Breakdown
After realizing that the second node (with the dead SD card) couldn't boot anymore, I began recovery on the surviving node.

Check the cluster

incus cluster list

From here, I identified the broken node name (e.g. node-broken) and noted which containers were located there.

Try removing the broken node

incus cluster remove broken-node

But got an error:

Error: Node still has the following instances: a1, a2, a3, b4, b5

Tried to delete those instances manually

incus delete a1

incus delete a1 --force

Still failed:

Error: Failed checking instance exists "local:a1": Missing event connection with target cluster member``

Final Fix: Using SQL to Delete Orphaned Instances
At this point, the only way was to manually remove the leftover metadata using the Incus admin SQL tool.

incus admin sql global "SELECT name, node_id FROM instances WHERE name='a1';"

incus admin sql global "SELECT name, node_id FROM instances WHERE name='a1';"

====== This part partially success [ kiv ] ===

incus cluster remove broken-node

Error: Delete "https://192.168.xxx.xxx:8443/1.0/storage-pools/local": Unable to connect to:

incus admin sql global "SELECT id, name FROM nodes;"
incus admin sql global "SELECT id, name FROM storage_pools;"

nodes:
1|node-alive
2|node-dead

storage_pools:
1|local

incus admin sql global "DELETE FROM storage_pools_nodes WHERE node_id=2 AND storage_pool_id=1;"

incus admin sql global "SELECT id, name, type, project_id FROM storage_volumes WHERE node_id=2;"

Haven't tried importing the backup from the MinIO server yet

The Incus container backup was created with a different architecture

hardyweb — Mon, 07 Jul 2025 11:14:02 +0000

how to change .

mkdir ~/pi-backup
tar -xzf backup.tar.gz -C ~/pi-backup

//dalam orange pi 

incus init images:debian/12 myrestore
sudo rsync -aAXv ~/pi-backup/rootfs/ /var/lib/incus/containers/myrestore/rootfs/

Incus 6.14 S3 Backup

hardyweb — Wed, 02 Jul 2025 11:17:20 +0000

S3 upload of instance and volume backups

Check backup Container

incus query /1.0/instances/a1/backups

create backup container

incus query -X POST -d '{"name": "backup1", "instance_only": true}' /1.0/instances/a1/backups**

upload to S3 directly

incus query -X POST /1.0/instances/a1/backups -d '{"optimized_storage": true, "target": {"protocol": "s3", "url": "https://s3.amazon.com", "bucket_name": "backups", "path": " incus/backup1.tar.gz", "access_key": "xxxx", "secret_key": "xxxxxx"}}' --wait

Install n8n in Incus container using docker image

hardyweb — Fri, 13 Jun 2025 06:45:54 +0000

Setup n8n in self hosting / home server

Launch Image

incus launch docker:n8nio/n8n n8n -c environment.N8N_BASIC_AUTH_ACTIVE=true -c environment.N8N_BASIC_AUTH_USER=admin -c environment.N8N_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD=adminpass12345

Set proxy

incus config device add n8n n8nport proxy listen=tcp:0.0.0.0:5678 connect=tcp:127.0.0.1:5678

Neovim/vim macro

hardyweb — Wed, 11 Jun 2025 04:05:18 +0000

aku mahu delete perkatan Download this file dan delete semua dalam kurungan/parenthesis

Download this file (Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit)Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit
Download this file (Suspendisse eget fringilla turpis. Praesent consequat lectus felis, a pulvinar mi ultrices sed)Suspendisse eget fringilla turpis. Praesent consequat lectus felis, a pulvinar mi ultrices sed
Download this file (Morbi ultrices nisi sit amet nulla mattis tempus)Morbi ultrices nisi sit amet nulla mattis tempu

buka neovim

Untuk buang perkataan "Download this file", guna arahan

:%s/Download this file //g

Untuk delete perkatan dalam kurungan /parenthesis , guna macro
ke line pertama , dalam mode visual, taip qa untuk rekodkan huruf a
taip da( untuk delete perkatan dalam kurungan serta kurungan tersebut
tekan q untuk keluar
kemudian untuk dua baris lagi , tekan 2@a untuk hapuskan perkataan dalam kurungan /parenthesis

Powershell Search Big File

hardyweb — Tue, 10 Jun 2025 22:02:06 +0000

Run as admin.

Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\path" -Recurse -File | Where-Object { $_.Length -gt 1GB }

Laravel 12-spatie role and permission

hardyweb — Wed, 14 May 2025 08:23:12 +0000

Jika sekirannya, kita upgrade dari laravel 10 ke laravel 12, ada beberapa tempat perlu dikemaskini

kernel.php,


'role' => \Spatie\Permission\Middlewares\RoleMiddleware::class,
    'permission' => \Spatie\Permission\Middlewares\PermissionMiddleware::class,
    'role_or_permission' => \Spatie\Permission\Middlewares\RoleOrPermissionMiddleware::class,

kepada


'role' => \Spatie\Permission\Middleware\RoleMiddleware::class,
    'permission' => \Spatie\Permission\Middleware\PermissionMiddleware::class,
    'role_or_permission' => \Spatie\Permission\Middleware\RoleOrPermissionMiddleware::class,

delete migration file create_permission_tables.php ,

run balik

php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Spatie\Permission\PermissionServiceProvider"