I built a tiny PHP framework for AI-readable business APIs

HideyukiMORI — Mon, 22 Jun 2026 13:25:37 +0000

I have been building a small PHP framework called NENE2.

It is not a Laravel replacement.
It is not a full-stack framework.
It is not trying to hide everything behind magic.

NENE2 is a tiny, API-first PHP foundation for building AI-readable business APIs: small services with explicit HTTP boundaries, OpenAPI contracts, Problem Details errors, and optional MCP tool catalogs for AI agents.

Repository: hideyukiMORI/NENE2

Why build another PHP framework?

Most business software does not start as a beautiful greenfield platform.

It starts as a request like:

"Can we expose this workflow as an API?"
"Can an internal tool call this safely?"
"Can an AI agent look up the status without touching the database?"
"Can we keep this small enough that a team can actually understand it?"

Large frameworks are great when you need their ecosystem.

But for small business APIs, I often want something quieter:

explicit routes
small handlers
use cases that do not know about HTTP
repository interfaces
OpenAPI as the public contract
predictable error responses
tests that prove the behavior
a clean boundary for AI / MCP tools

That is the design space where NENE2 lives.

The core idea: API first, AI readable

NENE2 assumes that the API is the primary surface.

Server-rendered HTML can exist, and a React frontend starter can exist, but the backend should not become frontend build glue. The stable contract is the HTTP API.

The framework is organized around:

PSR-7 / PSR-15 / PSR-17 HTTP runtime direction
explicit routing and middleware
OpenAPI 3.1 contract documentation
RFC 9457 Problem Details for errors
typed configuration objects
PSR-11 dependency injection
PDO database adapters and transaction boundaries
optional React + TypeScript frontend starter
local MCP server support behind the same API boundary

The goal is not to make the code clever.

The goal is to make the code easy to inspect by a human developer, a reviewer, or an AI coding agent.

A boring architecture on purpose

The reference domain example follows a simple flow:

HTTP Handler
  -> Use Case
  -> Repository Interface
  -> PDO Adapter

For example, the Note CRUD reference implementation includes:

route + handler classes
use case classes
readonly input/output DTOs
repository interface
PDO repository
exception-to-Problem-Details mapping
OpenAPI paths and schemas
unit, HTTP, and PDO integration tests

This is intentionally boring.

I want application behavior to be visible in the file tree instead of being implied by framework convention.

OpenAPI is the handoff document

For NENE2, OpenAPI is not an afterthought.

The repository ships an OpenAPI 3.1 document, Swagger UI, and runtime contract tests for example endpoints.

Locally, after starting the app:

docker compose up -d app

Useful URLs include:

http://localhost:8200/health
http://localhost:8200/examples/ping
http://localhost:8200/openapi.php
http://localhost:8200/docs/

This matters because the OpenAPI file is also the bridge to other tools:

generated clients
contract tests
documentation
MCP tool catalogs
AI-assisted development workflows

The API contract is the shared language.

MCP should not mean "let AI touch the database"

One of the ideas behind NENE2 is that AI agents should operate through documented API boundaries.

I do not want an agent to directly query or mutate production tables.

Instead:

AI Agent
  -> MCP Tool
  -> documented HTTP API
  -> application use case
  -> repository / transaction boundary

NENE2 includes local MCP server support and guidance for mapping tools to OpenAPI-backed operations.

Read tools can inspect state.
Write tools require explicit authentication.
The application still owns validation, authorization, logging, and error handling.

That boundary is the important part.

Field-tested through real apps

NENE2 is not only a framework repository.

I have been using it as the foundation for a family of self-hosted business OSS projects, including:

NeNe Invoice — quote and invoice management for Japan qualified invoices
NeNe Vault — received-document archive for electronic record retention
NeNe Records — typed headless CMS / flexible entity platform
NeNe Deal — lightweight B2B deal pipeline
NeNe Contact — embeddable contact forms
nene-mcp — stdio MCP bridge for OpenAPI-backed HTTP APIs
nene2-python — Python reference implementation of the same philosophy
nene2-js / nene2-node — TypeScript ecosystem pieces

Some of these products are Japan-specific.
That is fine.

The point is that the framework is tested against real business shapes:

authentication
multi-tenancy
OpenAPI
admin UIs
Docker local stacks
database migrations
exports
audit logs
MCP catalogs
AI-readable documentation

Framework design gets better when it is forced through real applications.

What NENE2 is not

NENE2 is deliberately small.

It is not:

a Laravel or Symfony replacement
a no-code platform
an ORM-first framework
a CMS
a frontend framework
an AI agent runtime

It is a small foundation for teams or solo developers who want explicit PHP APIs and documented handoff points.

Quick start

Clone the repository:

git clone https://github.com/hideyukiMORI/NENE2.git
cd NENE2
cp .env.example .env
docker compose build
docker compose run --rm app composer install
docker compose run --rm app composer check
docker compose up -d app

Or install it as a Composer dependency:

composer require hideyukimori/nene2

NENE2 targets PHP 8.4+ and uses Docker as the standard development runtime.

Why "AI-readable" matters

AI-assisted development is not only about generating code.

It is also about whether the system is readable enough for an agent to help safely:

Can it find the route?
Can it understand the request and response shape?
Can it see the use case?
Can it run the focused tests?
Can it avoid bypassing validation?
Can it call a documented tool instead of guessing a database query?

NENE2 tries to make those answers obvious.

Not by adding more magic.

By removing ambiguity.

DEV Community: HideyukiMORI