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    <title>DEV Community: hieu_dev</title>
    <description>The latest articles on DEV Community by hieu_dev (@hieu_dev).</description>
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      <title>How I built a privacy-first image compressor that runs entirely in the browser</title>
      <dc:creator>hieu_dev</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2026 05:45:33 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/hieu_dev/how-i-built-a-privacy-first-image-compressor-that-runs-entirely-in-the-browser-3b8l</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/hieu_dev/how-i-built-a-privacy-first-image-compressor-that-runs-entirely-in-the-browser-3b8l</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Most online image compressors have one thing in common: your files go to their server. You upload a private photo, it travels across the internet, gets processed on someone else's machine, and comes back. That always felt wrong to me.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;So I built &lt;a href="https://compressimg.pro/compress-image" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;CompressImg&lt;/a&gt; — an image compressor that does everything in your browser. Your files never leave your device.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Here's how it works under the hood.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  The core: browser-image-compression + Web Worker
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The heavy lifting is done by the &lt;code&gt;browser-image-compression&lt;/code&gt; library, but the key is &lt;em&gt;where&lt;/em&gt; it runs:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight javascript"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="c1"&gt;// compress.ts&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="k"&gt;export&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;async&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kd"&gt;function&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;compressImage&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nx"&gt;file&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nx"&gt;options&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class="kd"&gt;const&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="na"&gt;default&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nx"&gt;imageCompression&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;await&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;import&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="dl"&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;browser-image-compression&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="dl"&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;

  &lt;span class="k"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;imageCompression&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nx"&gt;file&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="na"&gt;maxSizeMB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kc"&gt;undefined&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// don't limit by size, use quality instead&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="na"&gt;initialQuality&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nx"&gt;options&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nx"&gt;quality&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;/&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="na"&gt;alwaysKeepResolution&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kc"&gt;true&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// never upscale&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="na"&gt;maxWidthOrHeight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;1920&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;      &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// cap at screen resolution&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="na"&gt;useWebWorker&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kc"&gt;true&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;          &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// off main thread&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class="p"&gt;})&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Two things matter here:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Dynamic import&lt;/strong&gt; — &lt;code&gt;browser-image-compression&lt;/code&gt; is only loaded when the user actually compresses an image. It's not in the initial bundle.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;useWebWorker: true&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — compression runs off the main thread. The UI stays responsive even for large files.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  The stack
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Next.js 14&lt;/strong&gt; with &lt;code&gt;output: 'export'&lt;/code&gt; — generates a pure static site. No server, no API routes, nothing to scale.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Vercel&lt;/strong&gt; — serves the static files from a global CDN. Handles any amount of concurrent users automatically.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Cloudflare&lt;/strong&gt; — DNS only (gray cloud). Vercel manages SSL.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  The PageSpeed problem
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My first PageSpeed score on mobile was LCP 7.1s. Way off the &amp;lt; 2.5s target.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The culprit turned out to be three things stacking up:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. Font loading&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight typescript"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="c1"&gt;// Before&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="kd"&gt;const&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nx"&gt;inter&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nc"&gt;Inter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;({&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="na"&gt;subsets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="dl"&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;latin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="dl"&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;],&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="na"&gt;display&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="dl"&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;swap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="dl"&gt;'&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;})&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class="c1"&gt;// After&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="kd"&gt;const&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nx"&gt;inter&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nc"&gt;Inter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;({&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="na"&gt;subsets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="dl"&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;latin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="dl"&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;],&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="na"&gt;display&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="dl"&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;optional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="dl"&gt;'&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;})&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;With &lt;code&gt;display: swap&lt;/code&gt;, the browser renders text with a fallback font, then swaps to Inter when it loads. On mobile simulation (slow 4G), Inter was loading at ~5s — and LCP was measured at the swap moment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With &lt;code&gt;display: optional&lt;/code&gt;, if the font isn't immediately available, the browser uses the system font and never swaps. LCP is measured right away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Third-party scripts competing for bandwidth&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;AdSense (231 KiB) and GA4 (140 KiB) were loading with &lt;code&gt;afterInteractive&lt;/code&gt;, which fires right after hydration. On mobile, this competed with the LCP element for bandwidth.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight typescript"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="c1"&gt;// Before&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="nx"&gt;strategy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="dl"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s2"&gt;afterInteractive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="dl"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class="c1"&gt;// After&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="nx"&gt;strategy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="dl"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s2"&gt;lazyOnload&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="dl"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;lazyOnload&lt;/code&gt; defers until the browser is truly idle — after LCP has already painted.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. ContentSection as a client component&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I had added &lt;code&gt;'use client'&lt;/code&gt; to the ContentSection (1000+ words of SEO text) to handle the FAQ accordion. This caused all that static text to be bundled as JavaScript instead of static HTML.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fix: extract the interactive part (accordion toggle) into its own tiny client component, let the rest be server-rendered HTML.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight typescript"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="c1"&gt;// FAQItem.tsx — only this needs 'use client'&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="dl"&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;use client&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="dl"&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="k"&gt;export&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="k"&gt;default&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="kd"&gt;function&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;FAQItem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;({&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nx"&gt;question&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nx"&gt;answer&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;})&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class="kd"&gt;const&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nx"&gt;open&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nx"&gt;setOpen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;useState&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="kc"&gt;false&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class="c1"&gt;// ...&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;After all three fixes: &lt;strong&gt;LCP dropped from 7.1s to 2.0s&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Privacy by design
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The architecture makes privacy the default, not a feature:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Static export = no server to log requests&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compression via Canvas API = no data transmission&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No cookies, no session storage, no user tracking beyond GA4 page views&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;code&gt;ads.txt&lt;/code&gt; published for AdSense transparency&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  What's next
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The tool is live at &lt;a href="https://compressimg.pro/compress-image" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;compressimg.pro&lt;/a&gt;. Next steps are adding more tools (resize, format conversion) once the SEO for image compression establishes a baseline.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you're building something similar, the main lesson: &lt;strong&gt;measure PageSpeed early and often&lt;/strong&gt;. The LCP issue would have been invisible without it.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Built with Next.js, deployed on Vercel. Questions welcome in the comments.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>webdev</category>
      <category>nextjs</category>
      <category>javascript</category>
      <category>showdev</category>
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