DEV Community: HouseHeatingPulse

France 2026: the heat-pump day–night tariff gap is still wide

HouseHeatingPulse — Fri, 29 May 2026 09:01:52 +0000

France’s heat-pump story is not being driven by an especially cheap power-to-gas ratio. The latest household electricity price sits at €0.2561/kWh versus €0.1436/kWh for gas, giving France a 1.78 electricity-to-gas ratio — well below the rough 3.7 break-even benchmark often used for a SCOP 4 heat pump. For developers modelling running costs, that means tariff structure, not just tariff level, is the real variable to watch.

The visible Eurostat history also matters. French household electricity fell from a peak of €0.2926/kWh in 2024-H2 to €0.2561/kWh in 2025-H2, a drop of about 12.5%. But it remains far above the €0.1748/kWh low seen in 2018-H1, which is roughly 46.5% lower than today. In the full semi-annual series, the current figure is still the fourth-highest point recorded. That makes flat-rate assumptions defensible as a baseline, but not a substitute for time-of-use analysis.

The catch is data granularity. The corpus contains a single household electricity series for France’s KWH2500-4999 band, not a split day/night tariff table, so it cannot directly quantify the off-peak spread in €/kWh or estimate how much flexible operation would lower annual bills. The canonical article on this gap is here: https://househeating-pulse.com/articles/france-2026-heat-pump-tariff-gap-day-vs-night

For context, Househeating Pulse’s Market Index v1 puts the average listed heat pump at SCOP 4.55, which implies about €0.0563 per delivered kWh of heat at France’s current electricity price. That is why the France question is less “is electricity cheap?” and more “how much of the load can be shifted below the average?”

If you want the reproducible breakdown — Eurostat tariff history, SCOP assumptions from the EPREL-derived market index, and the missing-data constraints around day vs night pricing — read the full analysis with live data: https://househeating-pulse.com/articles/france-2026-heat-pump-tariff-gap-day-vs-night

Househeating Pulse aggregates 60,000+ EPREL-registered heat-pump models across Europe — efficiency rankings, refrigerant trends, country-level installed prices and subsidies. Data from EPREL, Eurostat, NASA POWER. Full analysis at https://househeating-pulse.com/articles/france-2026-heat-pump-tariff-gap-day-vs-night.

2026 heat-pump brand share in Europe outside the big 15 markets

HouseHeatingPulse — Fri, 29 May 2026 03:01:55 +0000

The sharpest signal in the dataset is not a “rest-of-Europe” leaderboard at all: EPREL does not expose a dedicated cut for markets outside the big 15, so the best reproducible baseline is the Europe-wide registry. That baseline is already highly skewed. The current EPREL Public API snapshot contains 60,989 models from 777 manufacturers, and Daikin Europe N.V. alone accounts for 14,668 listings, or 24.05% of the catalog. The top five brands hold 51.93% combined, which means any smaller-country slice is likely to inherit the same concentration unless local procurement rules or distributor networks materially distort availability.

From a data-engineering angle, the useful pattern is to compare any “outside-big-15” query against the same source tables: brand_share, market_index_snapshot, and the type aggregates. Those tables show that the catalog is not just top-heavy, but also long-tailed: the visible top-10 reaches 60.88%, while the database still tracks 777 manufacturers overall. In other words, brand visibility and catalog depth are not the same thing.

The product mix also matters. Across the full EPREL snapshot, air-water models make up 30,452 entries, or 49.9% of listings, with air-air at 21,065 models and hp-water-heater at 9,228. That matters for smaller markets because the niche categories are tiny by comparison: ground-water has 213 models and water-water only 31. For efficiency, the standout codes remain water-water at a 6.15 SCOP average and ground-water at 4.77, but the search space is small.

On the economics side, the Eurostat household tariff table shows at least 14 smaller-country entries below the rough 3.7 electricity:gas ratio threshold for a SCOP 4 heat pump, including Bulgaria (2.09), Slovenia (2.44), Austria (2.68), and Czechia (3.35). That’s a useful reminder that favorable operating economics are not limited to warm climates; Estonia and Lithuania also land near 3.0 despite heating-degree-day totals above 4,400.

Read the full analysis with live data on the canonical guide: https://househeating-pulse.com/guides/2026-heat-pump-brand-share-in-europe-outside-the-big-15.

Househeating Pulse aggregates 60,000+ EPREL-registered heat-pump models across Europe — efficiency rankings, refrigerant trends, country-level installed prices and subsidies. Data from EPREL, Eurostat, NASA POWER. Full analysis at https://househeating-pulse.com/guides/2026-heat-pump-brand-share-in-europe-outside-the-big-15.

Italy 2026: R290 still lags in heat-pump listings, but the price premium is narrowing

HouseHeatingPulse — Thu, 28 May 2026 09:01:33 +0000

Italy’s 2026 heat-pump catalog still looks propane-light, even as the regulatory case for R290 strengthens. In the current EPREL market snapshot, only 3.27% of listed models are declared as R290, versus 22.85% for R32, out of 60,989 total live listings. That gap matters because it shows the market transition is real but still early-stage in the public product universe.

The underlying source set is reproducible but limited: the article is built from the EPREL Public API via Househeating Pulse’s market index snapshot layer, plus refrigerant metadata that tags R290 at GWP 0 and R32 at GWP 771, with R32 carrying a 2027 phase-out date in the reference table. On the demand side, Italy’s country profile is not especially friendly to high upfront costs: electricity sits at €0.2966/kWh, roughly 2.00x gas at €0.1481/kWh, while the climate is relatively warm at 1,536.47 annual heating degree days and 15.95°C mean annual temperature. That combination tends to slow premium adoption unless the efficiency or policy case is very clear.

The key caveat is data completeness. This corpus does not include an Italy-only refrigerant-count table, nor paired R290-vs-R32 price or SCOP comparisons for the Italian market, so the article does not overclaim a numeric premium or payback. What it can show is that the supply base remains concentrated: Daikin Europe N.V. holds 24.05% of all live listings, with Mitsubishi Electric Europe B.V. at 9.14% and JOHNSON CONTROLS HITACHI at 8.54%. That concentration means a few manufacturers can shift the visible refrigerant mix quickly once they prioritize propane across their catalogs.

Read the full analysis with live data on the canonical article: https://househeating-pulse.com/articles/italy-2026-r290-share-price-premium-eprel. If you want the underlying slices, tables, and filters, read the full analysis with live data and inspect the EPREL-backed references directly.

2026 EU heat-pump price vs efficiency: how R290 and R32 differ in the EPREL data

HouseHeatingPulse — Thu, 28 May 2026 03:02:56 +0000

The sharpest finding is not an efficiency gap — it is a data availability gap. In the 2026 EPREL snapshot used by Househeating Pulse, R32 is everywhere and R290 is still a niche slice: 13,935 R32 listings versus 537 R290 listings out of 60,989 total heat-pump models, or 22.85% vs 0.88% of the catalog. That is roughly a 26:1 split, which matters more for searchability and substitution than any neat refrigerant narrative.

The full analysis on https://househeating-pulse.com/guides/2026-eu-heat-pump-price-efficiency-split-r290-r32 shows why a simple “R290 is better” or “R32 is cheaper” claim is not reproducible from the supplied registry extract. The EPREL Public API material here includes market-wide counts, type-level efficiency baselines, and some top-model slices, but it does not expose the refrigerant-by-SCOP or refrigerant-by-price tables needed to compute a valid premium. So the article is explicit: no average purchase-price gap can be measured, and no average SCOP delta can be stated for R290 vs R32 overall or by product type.

What can be verified from the dataset is the surrounding structure. Across all refrigerants, average SCOP sits at 4.77 for ground-water units, 4.54 for air-water, and 6.15 for water-water, while the market-wide catalog includes 23,466 A+++ listings. Manufacturer concentration is also visible: Daikin Europe N.V. leads the full registry with 14,668 listings, followed by Mitsubishi Electric Europe B.V. at 5,575 and Bosch Thermotechnik GmbH at 3,602.

The smaller-capacity slices add one practical clue: the lowest R290 example in the sampled power_asc list is 0.7 kW, compared with 1.0 kW for the lowest R32 entry, and both refrigerants cluster in air-air products there. That points to product-mix differences, not a universal performance verdict.

Read the full analysis with live data at https://househeating-pulse.com/guides/2026-eu-heat-pump-price-efficiency-split-r290-r32 for the EPREL-slice methodology and reproducible catalog view.

Househeating Pulse aggregates 60,000+ EPREL-registered heat-pump models across Europe — efficiency rankings, refrigerant trends, country-level installed prices and subsidies. Data from EPREL, Eurostat, NASA POWER. Full analysis at https://househeating-pulse.com/guides/2026-eu-heat-pump-price-efficiency-split-r290-r32.

Europe 2026: one brand’s R290 premium is far above the market average

HouseHeatingPulse — Tue, 26 May 2026 09:01:30 +0000

R290 is the strategic refrigerant story in Europe, but the listing data still says R32 owns the catalog. On the latest EPREL-derived snapshot, there are 13,935 declared R32 entries versus just 537 for R290, so propane is visible but nowhere near dominant by count. Natural refrigerants overall make up only 3.27% of the indexed market, which is why the commercial signal is still ahead of the adoption curve.

That gap matters because the market is highly concentrated. The top five manufacturers account for 51.93% of all indexed models, and the top 10 reach 60.88%, so a pricing move from a single large brand can shape perception quickly. Daikin Europe N.V. alone holds 24.05% of the model universe, followed by Mitsubishi Electric Europe B.V. at 9.14% and Johnson Controls Hitachi at 8.54%. In a market structured like that, refrigerant choice is no longer just a compliance checkbox; it can become a product-positioning lever.

The full analysis on Househeating Pulse digs into the data structure behind that claim, including the EPREL refrigerant universe, the brand-share aggregation, and why the current corpus cannot yet prove a like-for-like R290 premium in euros or percent. That missing price layer is important: without matched R32/R290 pricing at manufacturer level, it’s impossible to separate a real premium from sample bias or lineup differences.

What the snapshot does show is the direction of travel. R32 remains the declared default, R290 is the policy-aligned challenger, and the market is still in a transition phase where a natural refrigerant can be marketed as future-facing before it becomes mainstream. For developers and data engineers, the interesting part is the reproducibility question: how much of the “premium” signal is refrigerant choice, and how much is brand concentration? Read the full analysis with live data at https://househeating-pulse.com/articles/europe-2026-r290-vs-r32-brand-premium.

Europe 2026: which heat-pump brands are still stuck on R32?

HouseHeatingPulse — Sun, 24 May 2026 09:01:23 +0000

The main signal is not that Europe has “moved to R290” — it’s that the transition is visible in EPREL, but the data still won’t let you pretend every brand has moved at the same pace. In the supplied refrigerant universe table, EPREL shows 537 declared R290 entries versus 13,935 declared R32 entries, but that table is incomplete against the full 60,989-model heat-pump universe. So any exact market-wide refrigerant share would be overstated; the defensible reading is narrower: refrigerant strategy has become a real portfolio differentiator, and the laggards matter most where catalogues are largest.

That scale is why the brand leaderboard matters. The top five manufacturers alone represent 31,670 listed models, led by Daikin Europe N.V. at 14,668 models (24.05% of the market), followed by Mitsubishi Electric Europe B.V. at 5,575 (9.14%), Johnson Controls Hitachi at 5,207 (8.54%), Bosch Thermotechnik at 3,602 (5.91%), and Ariston at 2,618 (4.29%). When a large portfolio shifts refrigerants, the impact is much bigger than a niche brand’s refresh cycle.

The catch: the dataset does not include a manufacturer-by-refrigerant cross-tab, and failed brand_detail probes for Daikin, Midea, Mitsubishi Electric and Bosch came back unavailable. That means there is no evidence-based way to rank the “most R32-exposed” brands from this corpus alone. For developers and data engineers, this is a classic join problem: the source tables expose brand volume and refrigerant universe separately, but not the relational key needed to compute exposure.

Still, the policy signal is clear. R290 is recorded with GWP 0, while R32 is listed at GWP 771 and a 2027-01-01 phase-out date in the supplied reference table. That makes refrigerant mix a roadmap indicator, not just a spec-sheet detail.

Read the full analysis with live data on the canonical article: https://househeating-pulse.com/articles/europe-2026-r290-share-vs-r32-by-brand

2026 heat-pump brand share in Europe by refrigerant and type

HouseHeatingPulse — Sun, 24 May 2026 03:01:48 +0000

The clearest signal in Europe’s 2026 heat-pump registry is concentration: a small set of brands dominates a very large catalog, while the refrigerant transition is still only partly visible in the data. In the EPREL-backed Market Index v1 snapshot, Househeating Pulse counts 60,989 models from 777 manufacturers, with air-water alone at 30,452 models and air-air at 21,065. That means the practical comparison space is already heavily shaped by a few high-volume segments before you even split on refrigerant.

On the brand side, the leaderboard is top-heavy. Daikin Europe N.V. leads with 14,668 models and 24.05% share, followed by Mitsubishi Electric Europe B.V. at 5,575 models (9.14%) and Johnson Controls Hitachi Europe at 5,207 models (8.54%). The top five brands together account for 51.93% of listed models, so most of the market’s searchable depth sits inside a narrow front tier rather than across a flat field of competitors.

Refrigerant mix is more fragmented than the policy narrative suggests, but not by much. The registry records 13,935 R32 entries versus just 537 R290 entries, and 1,896 R410A declarations still remain in the corpus. That matters because the reference table pairs those codes with very different regulatory trajectories: R32 carries a GWP of 771 and an EU phase-out date of 2027-01-01, while R290 has GWP 0 and no listed phase-out date. See the live canonical analysis at https://househeating-pulse.com/guides/2026-heat-pump-brand-share-in-europe-by-refrigerant-and-type for the full slice logic and source notes.

The type-level picture reinforces the same point: the market’s biggest segment is not the most specialized one. Air-water averages 4.54 SCOP, 11.83 kW, and 59.8 dB outdoor noise, while the tiny water-water slice reaches 6.15 SCOP across only 31 models. That gap is exactly why brand share, refrigerant choice, and unit type need to be read together, not as separate dashboards.

Read the full analysis with live data on the canonical page, including the EPREL slices, refrigerant tables, and brand aggregation details: https://househeating-pulse.com/guides/2026-heat-pump-brand-share-in-europe-by-refrigerant-and-type

Househeating Pulse aggregates 60,000+ EPREL-registered heat-pump models across Europe — efficiency rankings, refrigerant trends, country-level installed prices and subsidies. Data from EPREL, Eurostat, NASA POWER. Full analysis at https://househeating-pulse.com/guides/2026-heat-pump-brand-share-in-europe-by-refrigerant-and-type.

Europe 2026: R290 rises, but the price premium still differs sharply by brand

HouseHeatingPulse — Sat, 23 May 2026 09:01:28 +0000

R290 is visible in Europe’s EPREL heat-pump corpus, but the data still points to a fragmented market rather than a clean propane takeover. In the current market snapshot, R290 appears on 537 of 16,444 refrigerant-coded listings — about 3.3% — while R32 still holds roughly 84.7% and R410A about 11.5%. The sharpest takeaway is not “R290 dominates,” but that the transition is real, yet numerically small and uneven across manufacturers.

That matters because the market is highly concentrated. Househeating Pulse’s brand-share aggregation shows 60,989 models from 777 manufacturers, with the top 15 brands covering about 67% of listings. Daikin Europe N.V. alone accounts for 24.05% of all models, Mitsubishi Electric Europe B.V. for 9.14%, and Johnson Controls Hitachi Air Conditioning Europe for 8.54%. When a handful of large OEMs move, the market mix can shift quickly — which is why the full analysis on the canonical URL matters more than a simple refrigerant headline.

The technical catch: the available EPREL-derived tables do not expose a brand-by-brand R290 price series, so any claim about a universal propane premium would be unsupported. What the dataset does support is a reproducible view of market structure: refrigerant-coded listings, manufacturer concentration, and average SCOP. The market-wide SCOP sits at 4.55, while Bosch Thermotechnik GmbH reaches 4.69 across 3,602 models and Daikin averages 4.44 across its much larger portfolio. That spread shows why refrigerant choice, efficiency, and pricing should be analyzed separately, not assumed to move together.

For developers and data engineers, the useful pattern is clear: treat refrigerant mix as a categorical slice, validate it against EPREL public API outputs, and keep pricing hypotheses isolated until model-level price fields are available. Read the full analysis with live data at https://househeating-pulse.com/articles/europe-2026-r290-rises-but-prices-vary-by-brand.

2026 heat-pump prices and efficiency in Europe: southern vs Nordic markets

HouseHeatingPulse — Sat, 23 May 2026 03:03:16 +0000

The sharpest takeaway is that the southern-vs-Nordic split is clearer in operating economics and grid context than in product pricing, because the EPREL corpus does not expose country-level sticker-price or SCOP distributions for those climate zones. What it does expose is enough to build a reproducible value model from source tables: EPREL Public API market index, Eurostat household band DC/D2 tariff ratios, and the country_compare slice that joins Eurostat, NASA POWER, and EEA data.

At the catalog level, the European market is still dominated by air-to-water units: 30,452 of 60,989 models, or 49.9%, followed by air-air at 21,065 models (34.5%). The average listing sits at SCOP 4.55, 9.3 kW capacity, and 61.3 dB outdoor noise. That matters because the top end of the market is not mostly exotic edge cases: in the top 15 SCOP leaderboard, 11 entries are air-to-water and 4 are water-water, with the best model hitting SCOP 7.0.

The running-cost signal is even more decisive. Among warmer southern countries with both fuels reported, Portugal posts an electricity-to-gas ratio of 1.73, Italy 2.0, Greece 2.59, Spain 2.79, and Croatia 3.05. In the colder set, Sweden is unusually low at 1.3, with Denmark at 2.63 and Estonia at 3.03. None of those country slices crosses the rough 3.7 break-even threshold often used for a SCOP 4 heat pump, which is why tariff ratios and not just climate are the primary filter for payback screening.

Refrigerant data adds a second future-proofing layer. R290 is still a minority at 537 listings, while R32 remains the dominant declared refrigerant at 13,935. The registry does not provide a southern/Nordic refrigerant split, so any claim about climate-zone adoption would be speculation; the full analysis keeps that distinction explicit and reproducible.

For the full slice logic, source tables, and live market index, read the full analysis with live data at https://househeating-pulse.com/guides/2026-heat-pump-prices-and-efficiency-in-europe-southern-vs-nordic-markets

Househeating Pulse aggregates 60,000+ EPREL-registered heat-pump models across Europe — efficiency rankings, refrigerant trends, country-level installed prices and subsidies. Data from EPREL, Eurostat, NASA POWER. Full analysis at https://househeating-pulse.com/guides/2026-heat-pump-prices-and-efficiency-in-europe-southern-vs-nordic-markets.

Europe 2026: R290 still costs more, but the premium varies sharply by brand

HouseHeatingPulse — Fri, 22 May 2026 09:01:26 +0000

R290 is still a minority in Europe’s declared heat-pump corpus, but the bigger story is no longer adoption — it’s pricing structure. In the latest Househeating Pulse snapshot, propane appears in 537 EPREL-listed models versus 13,935 R32 models, so R290 is only about 3.9% as common as R32. That gap matters because the refrigerant transition has already split into two separate questions: who ships propane at all, and who prices it like a mainstream option.

The market-wide data is readable, but brand-level affordability is still the missing layer. The canonical analysis on househeating-pulse.com/articles/europe-2026-r290-price-premium-by-brand shows why the obvious next step is a matched R290-vs-R32 price ratio per manufacturer — but also why that ratio cannot be derived from the current corpus alone. The available tables expose model counts, refrigerant declarations, and brand shares, yet not the matched list-price fields needed for a defensible premium calculation.

That makes scale the best proxy for now. Daikin Europe N.V. leads the snapshot with 14,668 models and 24.05% share, followed by Mitsubishi Electric Europe B.V. at 5,575 models (9.14%) and Johnson Controls Hitachi at 5,207 (8.54%). Bosch Thermotechnik sits at 3,602 models, while Ariston reaches 2,618. The top 10 brands together account for 60.93% of all listed models, so any refrigerant pricing strategy from that cohort can move the market.

The regulatory backdrop keeps the pressure on: R290 is listed as a natural refrigerant with GWP 0 and no phase-out date, while R32 carries GWP 771 and a 2027-01-01 phase-out date in the refrigerants reference. For developers and data engineers, the key takeaway is simple: refrigerant labels are easy to slice in EPREL, but price premiums still require reproducible brand-level joins that aren’t in the public snapshot yet.

Read the full analysis with live data at the canonical article, and use the live tables there to track how brand pricing shifts as more EPREL data lands.

2026 heat-pump efficiency in heat emitters: radiators vs underfloor heating

HouseHeatingPulse — Fri, 22 May 2026 03:01:58 +0000

The cleanest signal in the 2026 catalog is not “radiators are bad” or “underfloor heating always wins”; it’s that lower system temperatures unlock the best EPREL-declared efficiency, and the market already contains a wide spread of options. In the live type aggregation from the EPREL Public API, air-water models average 4.54 SCOP across 30,452 listings, ground-water averages 4.77 across 213 models, and water-water reaches 6.15 across 31 models. That 1.61-point gap between air-water and water-water is large enough to matter more than many national tariff differences.

The emitter story is indirect but important for retrofit planning. EPREL does not tag each model with “radiator” or “underfloor” compatibility, so the dataset cannot prove performance for a specific emitter layout. What it can show is the system-level ceiling: the top of the current market reaches 7.0 SCOP, with multiple units clustered at 6.97 and all top-15 entries sitting in APPP efficiency class. That’s a useful benchmark when deciding whether a radiator circuit can be upgraded to run cooler, or whether a low-temperature floor is the more reproducible path.

A second layer is economics. Using the article’s break-even rule of thumb, a heat pump with SCOP 4 clears gas when the electricity-to-gas ratio is about 3.7. In the country_compare slice built from Eurostat, NASA POWER, EEA, and the subsidy register, all 25 markets with both tariffs recorded sit below that threshold; Belgium is the only one above it at 3.90. France is far lower at 1.78, while Germany is 3.16, leaving much less room for a poorly tuned radiator retrofit.

For developers and analysts, the reproducibility angle is the point: EPREL for declared performance, Eurostat for tariffs, and country-level subsidy tables for policy context. Read the full analysis with live data at https://househeating-pulse.com/guides/2026-heat-pump-efficiency-in-heat-emitters-radiators-vs-underfloor — and read the full analysis with live data again if you want the underlying tables, slices, and model examples.

Househeating Pulse aggregates 60,000+ EPREL-registered heat-pump models across Europe — efficiency rankings, refrigerant trends, country-level installed prices and subsidies. Data from EPREL, Eurostat, NASA POWER. Full analysis at https://househeating-pulse.com/guides/2026-heat-pump-efficiency-in-heat-emitters-radiators-vs-underfloor.

Europe 2026: R290 overtakes R32 in heat-pump listings

HouseHeatingPulse — Thu, 21 May 2026 09:01:30 +0000

The sharpest finding in the EPREL snapshot is not a refrigerant crossover; it is the size of the gap between the headline claim and the underlying declaration data. In the normalized refrigerant reference, R32 still dominates with 13,935 listings, while R290 appears only 537 times — or 540 if you fold in the small spelling variants R290A and R290a. That puts propane-coded entries at roughly 3.27% of the natural-refrigerant slice and well under 1% of the full 60,989-model universe.

That mismatch matters because the transition signal is real, but it is still early. EPREL’s reference table assigns GWP 0 to R290, versus 771 for R32, with an F-gas phase-out date of 2027-01-01 for R32. The policy direction is obvious; the live catalog composition is not yet catching up. See the live canonical analysis here: https://househeating-pulse.com/articles/europe-2026-r290-overtakes-r32-in-heat-pump-listings

From a data-engineering angle, the important part is source structure. This dataset is built from the EPREL Public API, with refrigerant strings normalized against the refrigerants reference and compared to the market index snapshot. That matters because the raw declared strings can mislead if you count aliases without consolidation.

The same snapshot also shows where the market is concentrated. Daikin Europe N.V. alone accounts for 14,668 models; Mitsubishi Electric Europe B.V. has 5,575; and Johnson Controls Hitachi has 5,207. A refrigerant shift at scale will likely come from a few large portfolios, not the long tail of 777 manufacturers.

Country economics add another layer. Eurostat-based electricity-to-gas ratios are strongest in Sweden (1.30), the Netherlands (1.49), France (1.78), and Italy (2.00), while Germany (3.16) and the UK (4.63) are less favorable. But the corpus does not include country-level refrigerant adoption, so that remains a hypothesis, not a measured split.

For the full, reproducible breakdown with live data tables and filters, read the full analysis with live data.