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      <title>Should you guess on the Bocconi admission test? A short Python simulation</title>
      <dc:creator>Intellix Tutoring</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 Oct 2026 17:55:52 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/intellixtutoring/should-you-guess-on-the-bocconi-admission-test-a-short-python-simulation-331d</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/intellixtutoring/should-you-guess-on-the-bocconi-admission-test-a-short-python-simulation-331d</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Students preparing for the Bocconi admission test ask me the same question every year: if I don't know the answer, should I leave it blank?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The scoring rule makes guessing look risky. A correct answer is +1, a blank is 0 and a wrong answer is −0.2. The test has 50 questions in 75 minutes, and if your total after penalties is below 17, your application is not considered at all.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can settle the question with a few lines of maths, then check it with a simulation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  One guess
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A blind guess on a question with n options is right with probability 1/n and wrong otherwise, so its expected value is&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;E = 1/n − 0.2 × (n − 1)/n
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;div class="table-wrapper-paragraph"&gt;&lt;table&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Options left&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Expected points per guess&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;+0.04&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;+0.10&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;+0.20&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;+0.40&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Even a blind guess is worth a little, and every option you rule out makes it worth more. The penalty is smaller than it looks: with five options, the penalty that would make a blind guess worth exactly zero is 0.25, not 0.2. (The few critical thinking questions with three options use −0.33, and a blind guess there is still worth about +0.11.)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  The cutoff changes the question
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;+0.04 per question is not much. But the cutoff turns this into a threshold problem, not an averages problem. Below 17 you are out, however close you got.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Take a student who is sure of 16 answers and has no idea on the other 34. If they leave those 34 blank, they score 16 and are not considered. What happens if they guess every one?&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight python"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="kn"&gt;import&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;random&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class="k"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;guess_points&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;n_guesses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;options&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;penalty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mf"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="sh"&gt;"""&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;Points from n blind guesses on questions with `options` choices each.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"""&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="n"&gt;points&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mf"&gt;0.0&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="k"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;_&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ow"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;range&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;n_guesses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;random&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;randrange&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;options&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;==&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span class="c1"&gt;# exactly one option is right
&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;span class="n"&gt;points&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;+=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="k"&gt;else&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;span class="n"&gt;points&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;-=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;penalty&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="k"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;points&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class="k"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;chance_to_clear&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;sure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;guesses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;options&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;cutoff&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;trials&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;100_000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="sh"&gt;"""&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;Share of simulated tests where the total reaches the cutoff.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"""&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="n"&gt;cleared&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="k"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;_&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ow"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;range&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;trials&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="n"&gt;total&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;sure&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;guess_points&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;guesses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;options&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="k"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;round&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;&amp;gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;cutoff&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span class="c1"&gt;# round away float noise like 16.999999
&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;span class="n"&gt;cleared&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;+=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="k"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;cleared&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;/&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;trials&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class="n"&gt;random&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nf"&gt;seed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;2027&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="k"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;sure&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ow"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="n"&gt;blind&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;chance_to_clear&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;sure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;50&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;sure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;options&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="n"&gt;ruled_out_one&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nf"&gt;chance_to_clear&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;sure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;50&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="o"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;sure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;options&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="nf"&gt;print&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sa"&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;sure of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="si"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;sure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="si"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;: blind &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="si"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;blind&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="si"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="si"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s"&gt;, one option ruled out &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="si"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="n"&gt;ruled_out_one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="si"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mi"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="o"&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="si"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sh"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;The code prints these numbers, and an exact binomial calculation agrees to within a percentage point:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="table-wrapper-paragraph"&gt;&lt;table&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Sure of&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Leave the rest blank&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Guess blind (5 options)&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Rule out one option first (4 options)&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;0%&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;53%&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;78%&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;0%&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;40%&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;67%&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;0%&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;28%&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;56%&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Why it works
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Guessing raises the average a little, but mostly it adds spread. When your safe score is below the bar, spread is the only way over it. Blanks lock in the result you already know is a fail.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The model is pessimistic in one way: it assumes the guesses are pure chance. A student who has read the question and half-understood it usually does better than one in five.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;And 17 is only the minimum to be considered. It is not the score that wins a place. For anyone well above the floor, what matters is the total, and every guess has a positive expected value.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  The rule I give students
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Answer every question. Spend your thinking time ruling options out, because each one you remove makes the guess worth more.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I wrote up the full test format, the 2027 session dates and a 12-week study plan on the &lt;a href="https://intellixtutoring.com/blog/bocconi-test-2027/" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Intellix Tutoring&lt;/a&gt; blog. Dates can change, so check Bocconi's official admissions page before you book.&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>python</category>
      <category>math</category>
      <category>beginners</category>
      <category>education</category>
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