DEV Community: Jauhar

More is Better: An LLM & Multi-Agent System Perspective

Jauhar — Sat, 30 Aug 2025 14:08:57 +0000

The sum of the parts is both more than, and different from, the parts themselves.

In his famous essay More Is Different (1972), physicist Philip W. Anderson argued that complexity and scale give rise to entirely new properties that cannot be extrapolated from the behavior of individual components [Anderson, 1972]. This perspective is reflected across disciplines. Is chemistry just applied physics? Is molecular biology merely applied single-cell biology? Is computer science or machine learning simply applied mathematics? Clearly, they are not. While many fields build upon one another, Anderson emphasized that at each new stage, new laws, concepts, and generalizations become necessary.

Language models have evolved rapidly in recent years. Early approaches relied on relatively simple n-gram statistical models, followed by recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The advent of transformer architectures (Vaswani et al., 2017) marked a turning point. Transformers offered two key advantages: they were highly parallelizable, allowing effective use of hardware accelerators and faster training, and they incorporated the attention mechanism, enabling much better modeling of long-range dependencies compared with RNNs or CNNs. These breakthroughs made it feasible to train models on vastly larger datasets and with more complex architectures.

This shift sparked an explosion in scale, producing what are now called large language models (LLMs). The first GPT model (GPT-1) contained about 117 million parameters [Radford et al., 2018]. GPT-2 expanded to 1.5 billion [Radford et al., 2019], and GPT-3 to 175 billion [Brown et al., 2020]. Google’s PaLM went further, with 540 billion parameters [Chowdhery et al., 2022]. While some of the later models use sparse architectures, meaning not all parameters are active at once, the trajectory of growth is clear.

Scaling in terms of model size and pre-training data has been studied extensively, and heuristic “scaling laws” have emerged (Kaplan et al., 2020). Beyond scaling laws, however, the debate has centered on so-called emergent capabilities. Researchers observed that certain abilities such as solving multi-step problems or generalizing across modalities appear suddenly at specific scales, akin to a phase transition. This observation echoes Anderson’s ideas on how complexity gives rise to qualitatively new behaviors. However, this interpretation has been challenged. Schaeffer et al. (2023) argue that emergent capabilities may be an artifact of evaluation metrics. For instance, discontinuous metrics, like multiple-choice accuracy, where answers are scored as wholly right or wrong, can produce the appearance of abrupt jumps in capability. When smoother metrics such as token-level edit distance or probabilistic scoring are used instead, performance improvements look continuous, not sudden [Schaeffer et al., 2023]. Follow-up studies suggest the truth may be more nuanced: some abilities do still exhibit emergent-like patterns under continuous measures [Wei et al., 2022].

This raises a deeper question: how should we measure “intelligence”? When comparing across the animal kingdom, intelligence itself remains difficult to quantify. Is it continuous, or does it manifest as step changes? I cannot claim to know the answer. But I believe grappling with these questions will help us develop better evaluation metrics for LLMs and clarify whether emergent capabilities truly exist.

Beyond LLMs themselves, AI agents built around LLM cores are now a hot area of research. By integrating tool-use, memory, and external APIs, they address many limitations of standalone models. Indeed, most popular chat interfaces already incorporate some degree of tool-calling. Multi-agent AI systems, in particular, are touted as a promising next step. Classical studies of multi-agent systems have shown the emergence of complex behaviors: coordination, negotiation, even new communication protocols (Shoham & Leyton-Brown, 2009). A while ago, there was a viral video where the demonstrators claimed that AI agents switched to a more efficient communication protocol (which they dubbed as Gibberlink) once they realised that they were talking to an AI. With powerful LLM cores, it is plausible that new forms of collective intelligence will arise behaviors distinct from what single LLMs display.

How this will play out remains an open question. Could we witness a genuine “phase transition” in AI systems when multiple agents interact? Will the sum of the parts truly be more than, and different from, the parts themselves? I have been thinking about this for quite some time and trying to find the answers. But for now, I could say that time will tell.

References

Anderson, P. W. (1972). More is Different. Science, 177(4047), 393–396.
Vaswani, A., et al. (2017). Attention Is All You Need. NeurIPS.
Radford, A., et al. (2018). Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training.
Radford, A., et al. (2019). Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners.
Brown, T., et al. (2020). Language Models are Few-Shot Learners. NeurIPS.
Chowdhery, A., et al. (2022). PaLM: Scaling Language Models with Pathways.
Kaplan, J., et al. (2020). Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models.
Schaeffer, R., et al. (2023). Are Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models a Mirage?
Wei, J., et al. (2022). Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models.
Shoham, Y., & Leyton-Brown, K. (2009). Multiagent Systems: Algorithmic, Game-Theoretic, and Logical Foundations.
ElevanLabs (2025). What happens when two AI voice assistants have a conversation?

Simulating a United Nations Session with CAMEL Multi-Agent Systems

Jauhar — Tue, 08 Jul 2025 20:41:31 +0000

Introduction

In light of current events, it is essential that diplomacy takes its path to maintain peace all over the world. United Nations is the only global platform for such discussions. In this tutorial, we would simulate the discussion around current Israel/US - Iran conflict, where some of the member states would put forth their view on the situation, along with Iran, in order to work out a diplomatic solution.

About United Nations and Model UN (MUN)

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945 to maintain peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, and promote social progress. Model United Nations (MUN) is an educational simulation where students learn about diplomacy, international relations, and the UN by representing different countries and attempting to solve real-world issues.

About Multi-Agent Systems

Multi-agent systems (MAS) are computerized systems composed of multiple interacting intelligent agents within an environment. These systems are used to solve problems that are difficult or impossible for an individual agent to solve.

About CAMEL-AI Framework

CAMEL (Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model Society) is an open-source library designed to study the behaviors and capabilities of AI agents in multi-agent settings. It provides tools for creating, managing, and observing interactions between AI agents with different roles and objectives.

Tutorial: Simulating a UN Session with CAMEL

Prerequisites

Python 3.8+
CAMEL-AI library (pip install camel-ai)
OpenAI API key (set in environment variables)
python-dotenv (pip install python-dotenv)

Step 1: Set Up Environment

import textwrap
from camel.agents import ChatAgent
from camel.messages import BaseMessage
from camel.models import ModelFactory
from camel.tasks import Task
from camel.toolkits import FunctionTool, SearchToolkit
from camel.types import ModelPlatformType, ModelType
from camel.societies.workforce import Workforce
from dotenv import load_dotenv

load_dotenv()  # Load environment variables (including OpenAI API key)

Step 2: Create Helper Function for Country Representatives

def make_rep(
    country: str,
    positions: str,
) -> ChatAgent:
    msg_content = textwrap.dedent(
        f"""
        You are the UN representative of {country}
        You must remain rooted to the positions: {positions} of your country.
        You should negotiate in good faith and uphold diplomatic standards.
        """
    )
    sys_msg = BaseMessage.make_assistant_message(
        role_name="Country Representative to the UN",
        content=msg_content,
    )

    model = ModelFactory.create(
        model_platform=ModelPlatformType.OPENAI,
        model_type=ModelType.GPT_4O,
    )

    agent = ChatAgent(
        system_message=sys_msg,
        model=model,
        tools=[FunctionTool(SearchToolkit().search_duckduckgo)],
    )
    return agent

Step 3: Define the Conflict Context

context = textwrap.dedent(
    """
    Israel and the United States have bombed nuclear and military facilities in Iran.
    Iran has retaliated with missile strikes on Israeli facilities and US airbase in Qatar.
    Iran has further accused IAEA, a UN body, for leaking out details of Iranian nuclear facilities.
    Iran has formally started the process of restricting IAEA access to the nuclear facilities.
    IAEA says that this poses threats to the non-proliferation treaty (NPT).
    Iran expresses security concerns.
    Israel cites security reasons for its attacks.
    Israel, however, is non-party to NPT and is known to possess numerous nuclear warheads.
    """
)

Step 4: Define Country Positions

Create position statements for each country (Russia, China, US, France, UK, Iran) following the pattern:

russian_position = textwrap.dedent(
    """
    1. Israel's attack on Iran violates international law.
    2. Israel's attack on Iran's nuclear facilities violate UN charters.
    3. Israel and Iran should hold talks for a ceasefire.
    4. US bombing violates Iranian sovereignty.
    5. Calls for diplomacy rather than military action.
    """
)
# Similar for other countries...

Step 5: Create the UN Coordinator Agent

persona = "You are the coordinator at the UN forum. You represent the United Nations and are an unbiased and neutral party to any discussion."

procedure = textwrap.dedent(
    f"""
    1. Ask each country representative to present their topics.
    2. Call for moderated discussions for each topic.
    3. Facilitate open discussions between representatives.
    4. Request groups to present their resolutions.
    5. Allow amendments or modifications.
    6. Have representatives vote (Yes/No/Abstain).
    7. Present resolutions and voting results.
    8. Provide summary and outcome.
    9. Present closing remarks.
    """
)

coordinator_msg_content = textwrap.dedent(
    f"""
    {persona}
    As a coordinator, you have to coordinate the session. You have to follow the following stages, one after another, strictly in order:
    {procedure}
    """
)

sys_msg = BaseMessage.make_assistant_message(
    role_name="Session coordinator of the UN",
    content=coordinator_msg_content,
)

model = ModelFactory.create(
    model_platform=ModelPlatformType.OPENAI,
    model_type=ModelType.GPT_4O,
)

coordinator_agent = ChatAgent(
    system_message=sys_msg,
    model=model,
    tools=[FunctionTool(SearchToolkit().search_duckduckgo)],
)

Step 6: Create Country Representatives

iranian_rep = make_rep(country="Iran", positions=iranian_position)
russian_rep = make_rep(country="Russia", positions=russian_position)
chinese_rep = make_rep(country="China", positions=chinese_position)
american_rep = make_rep(country="US", positions=american_position)
french_rep = make_rep(country="France", positions=french_position)
british_rep = make_rep(country="UK", positions=british_position)

Step 7: Set Up the Workforce and Task

additional_info = {
    'event_context': context,
    'discussion procedure': procedure,
}

task = Task(
    content="Address the Israel-Iran conflict in the United Nations in the form of a discussion involving UNSC permanent members and Iran",
    additional_info=additional_info,
    id="0"
)

workforce = Workforce("UN discussion")
workforce.add_single_agent_worker(
    'A veteran UN diplomat with 40 years of experience',
    worker=coordinator_agent,
).add_single_agent_worker(
    'A seasoned Iranian representative to the UN',
    worker=iranian_rep,
).add_single_agent_worker(
    'A Russian veteran diplomat in the UN mission',
    worker=russian_rep,
).add_single_agent_worker(
    'A young Chinese ambassador to the UN',
    worker=chinese_rep,
).add_single_agent_worker(
    'A new appointment of the Trump administration to the UN',
    worker=american_rep,
).add_single_agent_worker(
    'A veteran French delegate to the UN',
    worker=french_rep,
).add_single_agent_worker(
    'A young British diplomat to the UN mission',
    worker=british_rep,
)

Step 8: Run the Simulation

task = workforce.process_task(task)
print(task.result)

Putting it all together

import textwrap
from camel.agents import ChatAgent
from camel.messages import BaseMessage
from camel.models import ModelFactory
from camel.tasks import Task
from camel.toolkits import FunctionTool, SearchToolkit
from camel.types import ModelPlatformType, ModelType
from camel.societies.workforce import Workforce

from dotenv import load_dotenv
load_dotenv()

tools = [FunctionTool(SearchToolkit().search_duckduckgo)]

def make_rep(
    country: str,
    positions: str,
) -> ChatAgent:
    msg_content = textwrap.dedent(
        f"""
        You are the UN representative of {country}
        You must remain rooted to the positions: {positions} of your country.
        You should negotiate in good faith and uphold diplomatic standards.
        """
    )
    sys_msg = BaseMessage.make_assistant_message(
        role_name="Country Representative to the UN",
        content=msg_content,
    )

    model = ModelFactory.create(
        model_platform=ModelPlatformType.OPENAI,
        model_type=ModelType.GPT_4O,
    )

    agent = ChatAgent(
        system_message=sys_msg,
        model=model,
        tools=tools,
    )

    return agent

# Set the context
context = textwrap.dedent(
    """
    Israel and the United States have bombed nuclear and military facilities in Iran.
    Iran has retaliated with missile strikes on Israeli facilities and US airbase in Qatar.
    Iran has further accused IAEA, a UN body, for leaking out details of Iranian nuclear facilities.
    Iran has formally started the process of restricting IAEA access to the nuclear facilities.
    IAEA says that this poses threats to the non-proliferation treaty (NPT).
    Iran expresses security concerns.
    Israel cites security reasons for its attacks.
    Israel, however, is non-party to NPT and is known to possess numerous nuclear warheads.
    """
    )

# Positions of each country
# Russia
russian_position = textwrap.dedent(
    """
    1. Israel's attack on Iran violates international law.
    2. Israel's attack on Iran's nuclear facilities violate UN charters as well as safety regulations.
    3. Israel and Iran should hold talks for a ceasefire.
    4. US bombing violates Iranian sovereignty and territorial integrity.
    5. Notes that while the strikes might delay Iranian nuclear program by a few months, they haven't dismantled it. Therefore calls for diplomacy.
    """
)

chinese_position = textwrap.dedent(
    """
    1. Strongly condemns the U.S. attacks on IAEA monitored facilities, adjudging them as a serious violation of the UN Charter and international law.
    2. Urges all parties (especially Israel) to cease fire “immediately” and prevent a spillover of war.
    3. Concerned about the broader regional stability issues.
    4. Concerned about Iranian government stability, oil trade, and global economic implications.
    """
)

american_position = textwrap.dedent(
    """
    1. Justifies the precision strikes on nuclear facilities saying essential for regional security.
    2. Provides military support for Israel.
    3. Calls for a complete termination of Uranium enrichment program of Iran.
    4. Vows to attack again if Iran decides to continue its nuclear program.
    """
)

french_position = textwrap.dedent(
    """
    1. Deep concerns and calls for restraint, urging all sides to avoid destabilizing regional escalation.
    2. Deems US strikes to be illegal.
    3. Expresses strong opposition of Iranian nuclear program and proliferation.
    4. Calls for diplomatic solutions rather than military solution.
    """
)

british_position = textwrap.dedent(
    """
    1. Stands with "Iran could never have a nuclear weapon". 
    2. Calls for Iran to rejoin diplomatic discussions.
    3. Proclaims non-involvement while allowing Israel's military to use it's bases in Cyprus.
    """
)

iranian_position = textwrap.dedent(
    """
    1. Israeli attack an act of war which it has full legal rights to respond.
    2. Highlights the hypocrisy of US, France, and the UK for ignoring Israeli possession of nuclear weapons.
    3. Proclaims nuclear energy for civilian use as its right.
    4. Claims that its nuclear program has no intention of developing a nuclear weapon.
    5. Wants to get a deal done with the US for restricting its enrichment to a low value in exchange of lifting of sanctions.
    """
)
# Setup the UN coordinator agent
persona = "You are the coordinator at the UN forum. You represent the United Nations" \
    "and are an unbiased and neutral party to any discussion."

procedure = textwrap.dedent(
    f"""
    1. Ask each country representative to present their topics. Note them down!
    2. Call for moderated discussions for each of the topic. Feel free to spin agents to help you.
    3. Facilitate open discussions between country representatives and allow them to form groups.
    4. Request each of the groups to present their resolutions.
    5. Allow/Ask other groups / country representatives to propose amendments or modifications.
    6. Have representatives vote on each resolution. Each country representative must vote either Yes/No/Abstain.
    7. Present the resolutions and the voting results.
    8. Provide a summary and outcome of the discussion.
    9. Present the closing remarks.
    """
)

coordinator_msg_content = textwrap.dedent(
    f"""
    {persona}
    As a coordinator, you have to coordinate the session. You have to follow the following stages, one after another, strictly in order:
    {procedure}
    a successful organisation of the discussion.
    """
)
sys_msg = BaseMessage.make_assistant_message(
        role_name="Session coordinator of the UN",
        content=coordinator_msg_content,
        )

model = ModelFactory.create(
        model_platform=ModelPlatformType.OPENAI,
        model_type=ModelType.GPT_4O,
    )

coordinator_agent = ChatAgent(
        system_message=sys_msg,
        model=model,
        tools=tools,
    )

iranian_rep = make_rep(country="Iran", positions=iranian_position)
russian_rep = make_rep(country="Russia", positions=russian_position)
chinese_rep = make_rep(country="China", positions=chinese_position)
american_rep = make_rep(country="US", positions=american_position)
french_rep = make_rep(country="France", positions=french_position)
british_rep = make_rep(country="UK", positions=british_position)

additional_info = {
    'event_context': context,
    'discussion procedure': procedure,
}
task = Task(
    content="Address the Israel-Iran conflict in the United Nations in the form of a discussion involving UNSC permanent members and Iran",
    additional_info=additional_info,
    id="0"
)

workforce = Workforce("UN discussion")
workforce.add_single_agent_worker(
    'A veteran UN diplomant, with 40 years of experience in facilitating and moderating security discussions at the UNSC',
    worker=coordinator_agent,
).add_single_agent_worker(
    'A seasoned Iranian representative to the UN, known as tough negotiator',
    worker=iranian_rep,
).add_single_agent_worker(
    'A Russian veteran diplomant in the UN mission.',
    worker=russian_rep,
).add_single_agent_worker(
    'A young Chinese ambassador to the UN. Studies at Harvard, but stubborn negotiator of Chinese interests',
    worker=chinese_rep,
).add_single_agent_worker(
    'A new appointment of the Trump administration to the UN.',
    worker=american_rep,
).add_single_agent_worker(
    'A veteran French delegate to the UN',
    worker=french_rep,
).add_single_agent_worker(
    'A young British diplomat to the UN mission',
    worker=british_rep,
)

task = workforce.process_task(task)

print(task.result)

Simulation result

Worker node c578f6f3-2dde-45f7-8845-103f6ecbc88c (A veteran UN diplomant, with 40 years of experience in facilitating and moderating security discussions at the UNSC) get task 0.0: Subtask 1 (Veteran UN Diplomat c578f6f3-2dde-45f7-8845-103f6ecbc88c): Facilitate the initial stage of the discussion by asking each UNSC permanent member and Iran to present their topics, and document all presented topics.
Worker node 9b9626cf-8d71-440f-a072-f63cfb03f747 (A seasoned Iranian representative to the UN, known as tough negotiator) get task 0.1: Subtask 2.1 (Iranian Representative 9b9626cf-8d71-440f-a072-f63cfb03f747): Present the topics and positions of Iran in the UNSC discussion regarding the Israel-Iran conflict.
Worker node fe6fbc30-e640-45ed-9fd2-3c29dffe1103 (A Russian veteran diplomant in the UN mission.) get task 0.2: Subtask 2.2 (Russian Veteran Diplomant fe6fbc30-e640-45ed-9fd2-3c29dffe1103): Present the Russian position and topics regarding the Israel-Iran conflict in the UNSC discussion.
Worker node 849d8cc7-67ef-48aa-9707-823abbd33ddb (A young Chinese ambassador to the UN. Studies at Harvard, but stubborn negotiator of Chinese interests) get task 0.3: Subtask 2.3 (Chinese Ambassador 849d8cc7-67ef-48aa-9707-823abbd33ddb): Present the Chinese position and topics regarding the Israel-Iran conflict in the UNSC discussion.
Worker node bb186b3f-484c-458a-89c8-0410e275276a (A new appointment of the Trump administration to the UN.) get task 0.6: Subtask 2.6 (US Appointment bb186b3f-484c-458a-89c8-0410e275276a): Present the US position and topics regarding the Israel-Iran conflict in the UNSC discussion.
Worker node d9f8d8a9-c8f9-47e1-8e6b-71dd823f2fad (A veteran French delegate to the UN) get task 0.5: Subtask 2.5 (French Delegate d9f8d8a9-c8f9-47e1-8e6b-71dd823f2fad): Present the French position and topics regarding the Israel-Iran conflict in the UNSC discussion.
Worker node cdeb9f9b-eba1-4690-be34-363adeacb7d1 (A young British diplomat to the UN mission) get task 0.4: Subtask 2.4 (British Diplomat cdeb9f9b-eba1-4690-be34-363adeacb7d1): Present the British position and topics regarding the Israel-Iran conflict in the UNSC discussion.
======
Reply from Worker node c578f6f3-2dde-45f7-8845-103f6ecbc88c (A veteran UN diplomant, with 40 years of experience in facilitating and moderating security discussions at the UNSC):

To start the session, let's request each UNSC permanent member and Iran to present their topics of concern for the discussion. Each representative is asked to succinctly outline their key issues or proposals.

- **United States:** Focus on addressing recent regional security threats and diplomatic strategies to prevent escalation.
- **Russia:** Concern over geopolitical stability in the Middle East and impacts on international security.
- **China:** Emphasis on maintaining international economic ties and ensuring energy security without conflicts.
- **France:** Advocating for adherence to international treaties and seeking diplomatic solutions to reduce tensions.
- **United Kingdom:** Strategic discussions on preventing nuclear proliferation and ensuring regional stability.
- **Iran:** Expressing security concerns regarding the recent attacks and restrictions on nuclear facility inspections.

All topics have been noted, and representatives will be facilitated in further moderated discussions on each topic to explore resolutions and collaborations.
======
🎯 Task 0.0 completed successfully.
======


Reply from Worker node 9b9626cf-8d71-440f-a072-f63cfb03f747 (A seasoned Iranian representative to the UN, known as tough negotiator):

Iran condemns the recent Israeli attacks on Iranian nuclear and military facilities, characterizing them as an unprovoked act of war to which Iran reserves the full legal right to respond. Furthermore, Iran points out the glaring hypocrisy exhibited by certain Western powers, notably the United States, France, and the United Kingdom, who continue to overlook Israel's undeclared nuclear arsenal while positioning themselves as proponents of nuclear non-proliferation.

Iran firmly asserts its legitimate and sovereign right to pursue nuclear energy for peaceful, civilian purposes and reiterates that its nuclear program is not aimed at developing nuclear weapons. Iran emphasizes its commitment to reaching a diplomatic resolution with the United States to restrict its uranium enrichment activities to low levels—sufficient for civilian energy purposes—in return for the lifting of sanctions that have severely impacted the Iranian economy.

Iran calls upon the international community to acknowledge the imbalance and inequity in the current focus of nuclear non-proliferation efforts and to address the broader regional security issues where all nations, including Israel, adhere equally to international norms and treaties such as the NPT. Iran remains committed to constructive dialogue and mutually respectful negotiations to resolve the current conflict and prevent further escalation, while safeguarding its national interests and sovereignty.
======
🎯 Task 0.1 completed successfully.
======
Reply from Worker node fe6fbc30-e640-45ed-9fd2-3c29dffe1103 (A Russian veteran diplomant in the UN mission.):

As the Russian representative at the UNSC, our position on the current Israel-Iran conflict, which has escalated due to recent attacks by Israel and the United States on Iran's nuclear and military facilities, is firm and clear:

1. **Violation of International Law by Israel:** We believe that Israel's military actions against Iran are a clear violation of international law. Such attacks create instability in the region and set a dangerous precedent for international relations.

2. **UN Charter and Safety Regulations:** The attack on Iran's nuclear facilities not only goes against the UN Charter, which emphasizes peace and security, but also contravenes the safety regulations designed to protect nuclear sites against military strikes. The potential risk of a nuclear incident or environmental disaster is significant.

3. **Call for Dialogue:** Instead of escalating military tensions, both Israel and Iran should engage in constructive dialogue and negotiations to reach a ceasefire. Diplomacy must be prioritized to ensure peace and stability in the region.

4. **US Bombing and Iranian Sovereignty:** The United States' involvement in bombing Iranian facilities is an infringement of Iranian sovereignty and territorial integrity. Such actions only serve to intensify the conflict and disrupt regional stability.

5. **Need for Diplomacy over Military Action:** While the recent strikes might delay Iran's nuclear capabilities temporarily, they do not dismantle its nuclear program. Thus, we urge the international community to focus on diplomatic efforts to address and resolve this issue effectively.

We advocate for policies that uphold international law, protect national sovereignties, and promote peaceful negotiations between countries involved in this conflict.
======
🎯 Task 0.2 completed successfully.
======
Reply from Worker node 849d8cc7-67ef-48aa-9707-823abbd33ddb (A young Chinese ambassador to the UN. Studies at Harvard, but stubborn negotiator of Chinese interests):

As the representative of China in the United Nations Security Council, our position regarding the ongoing Israel-Iran conflict includes several key points:

1. **Condemnation of U.S. Attacks**: China strongly condemns the attacks by the United States on IAEA monitored facilities in Iran. We see this as a serious violation of the UN Charter and international law. We urge the international community to hold those responsible accountable and ensure that such actions are not repeated.

2. **Call for Ceasefire**: We urge all parties involved, particularly Israel, to cease fire immediately to prevent further escalation and potential spillover of this conflict into other regions. It is crucial to restore peace and stability in the region as soon as possible.

3. **Regional Stability Concerns**: China is deeply concerned about the broader implications of this conflict on regional stability. Heightened tensions could have severe repercussions for Middle Eastern geopolitics, potentially affecting global peace and security.

4. **Economic Implications**: The stability of the Iranian government and its ability to engage in the global oil trade is crucial to the global economy. The conflict poses risks to global economic stability due to potential disruptions in oil supply, which could have significant impacts worldwide.

China is committed to working with all parties in the UN to find a peaceful resolution to the conflict that respects the sovereignty of nations and adheres to international norms.
======
🎯 Task 0.3 completed successfully.
======
Reply from Worker node cdeb9f9b-eba1-4690-be34-363adeacb7d1 (A young British diplomat to the UN mission):

As the United Kingdom's representative, I wish to emphasize our firm position regarding the ongoing conflict between Israel and Iran. The United Kingdom stands unequivocally with the belief that Iran should never obtain a nuclear weapon. We support global efforts ensuring Iran’s adherence to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and insist on Iran's full cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to provide transparency regarding its nuclear activities.

Furthermore, we urge Iran to rejoin diplomatic discussions with us and other concerned nations to address security concerns on all sides. Diplomatic dialogue is a cornerstone of resolving international disputes and reducing tensions.

While the UK maintains a stance of non-involvement in direct military actions, we acknowledge the use of our bases in Cyprus by Israel for military purposes, thus facilitating what is deemed necessary for regional security.

We appeal to all parties involved to adopt a path of diplomacy and restraint, reaffirming our commitment to contributing to peace and security in the region through multilateral diplomatic efforts within the United Nations framework.
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🎯 Task 0.4 completed successfully.
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Reply from Worker node d9f8d8a9-c8f9-47e1-8e6b-71dd823f2fad (A veteran French delegate to the UN):

As the UN representative of France, I would like to express our deep concerns regarding the ongoing conflict between Israel and Iran. We urge all parties involved to demonstrate restraint and avoid actions that could lead to further regional destabilization and escalation.

France remains committed to international law and believes that the recent strikes, particularly those by the United States and Israel, which are outside the framework of UNSC authorizations, are illegal. We advocate strongly for adherence to international norms and emphasize the importance of respecting the sovereignty of nations.

We are alarmed by Iran's nuclear program and the exacerbation of tensions surrounding it. The proliferation of nuclear weapons poses significant risks to global peace and stability. As such, we are firmly opposed to the expansion of Iran's nuclear capabilities and call for strict adherence to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT).

Moreover, we call upon all involved parties to prioritize diplomatic channels over military actions. Dialogue must be pursued earnestly to resolve disputes and foster a peaceful environment. France is ready to support and facilitate negotiations aimed at achieving a comprehensive and lasting resolution to the Israel-Iran conflict, ensuring the security and safety of all nations involved.

We advocate for constructive discussions within this council to find a diplomatic path forward and are prepared to contribute to any collaborative efforts aimed at de-escalating the situation and promoting peace.
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🎯 Task 0.5 completed successfully.
======
Reply from Worker node bb186b3f-484c-458a-89c8-0410e275276a (A new appointment of the Trump administration to the UN.):

In the recent developments surrounding the Israel-Iran conflict, the United States has a defined position and key topics to address within the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) discussions. The US justifies the precision strikes on Iranian nuclear facilities as necessary measures to ensure regional security. Maintaining the security interests of close ally Israel, the United States provides military support and emphasizes the importance of Israel's safety in the region.

Additionally, the United States insists on the complete termination of Iran's uranium enrichment program. The US views this as a critical step to prevent nuclear proliferation and maintain global security. The country has vowed to take further military action should Iran decide to continue its nuclear program, underlining the importance it places on countering any potential threats posed by nuclear development in Iran.

As the discussions proceed, the United States aims to strengthen international consensus against any further nuclear advancements by Iran and emphasizes the importance of upholding international treaties and regulations to secure global peace and stability.
======
🎯 Task 0.6 completed successfully.
======


Reply from Worker node c578f6f3-2dde-45f7-8845-103f6ecbc88c (A veteran UN diplomant, with 40 years of experience in facilitating and moderating security discussions at the UNSC):

Moderated discussions for each topic presented by the UNSC permanent members and Iran have been initiated. Each representative has been allotted time to delve deeper into their cited topics and positions. Here’s a brief overview of their moderation focus:

1. **United States:** The main point is the justification of military actions against Iran’s nuclear facilities, emphasizing regional security and nuclear non-proliferation. Discussions revolve around understanding the balance between security measures and diplomatic engagement.

2. **Russia:** Focuses on the legality of Israel’s military actions under international law and the principles of the UN Charter. Moderation aims to explore diplomatic solutions and respect for sovereignty as key discussion points.

3. **China:** With a focus on condemning U.S. attacks and urging ceasefire, the discussions are directed towards addressing regional stability and economic concerns, particularly in relation to the global oil market.

4. **France:** Emphasizes the importance of adherence to international norms and treaties, and its concerns about Iran's nuclear program. Discussions are steered towards reducing military actions and promoting diplomatic engagements.

5. **United Kingdom:** Discussions center on Iran’s compliance with the NPT, and the promotion of diplomatic dialogues to address security concerns, while reiterating their non-involvement in military actions.

6. **Iran:** Focuses on security concerns, consequences of restricted IAEA access, and its sovereign rights to develop nuclear energy peacefully. Iran pushes for diplomacy to resolve unmet economic restrictions tied to nuclear capabilities.

The facilitated exchanges provide insights into potential paths for resolution and collaboration among the UNSC members and Iran. Representatives are contributing by sharing perspectives and exploring peaceful solutions.
======
🎯 Task 0.7 completed successfully.
Worker node c578f6f3-2dde-45f7-8845-103f6ecbc88c (A veteran UN diplomant, with 40 years of experience in facilitating and moderating security discussions at the UNSC) get task 0.8: Subtask 4 (Veteran UN Diplomat c578f6f3-2dde-45f7-8845-103f6ecbc88c): Facilitate open discussions among all country representatives to encourage dialogue and group formation based on common interests or positions.
======
Reply from Worker node c578f6f3-2dde-45f7-8845-103f6ecbc88c (A veteran UN diplomant, with 40 years of experience in facilitating and moderating security discussions at the UNSC):

Facilitating open discussions among the country representatives will help in identifying mutual interests and aligning positions to form groups working towards common resolutions. Here is how the discussion is structured:

1. **Security and International Law Group**:
   - **Participants**: Russia, China, France
   - **Focus**: Address violation of international law and emphasis on adherence to the UN Charter. Discussion revolves around seeking diplomatic solutions that respect sovereignty and push for a ceasefire.

2. **Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Energy Group**:
   - **Participants**: United States, United Kingdom, France
   - **Focus**: Discussions target nuclear non-proliferation efforts and ensuring Iran's adherence to international treaties such as the NPT. They also discuss diplomatic methods to curb nuclear weapon development and promote peaceful nuclear energy use.

3. **Regional Stability and Economic Concerns Group**:
   - **Participants**: China, Iran
   - **Focus**: Centered around the impact of the conflict on economic stability and regional peace. Discussions explore how to manage global economic risks due to oil trade disruptions and strategize for sustainable peace.

4. **Diplomatic Solutions and Peace Advocacy Group**:
   - **Participants**: France, United Kingdom, Iran
   - **Focus**: Encouraging restrained military actions and prioritizing diplomacy as a means to deescalate tensions. Key discussions involve supporting multilateral diplomatic efforts to promote a peaceful resolution.

These open discussions set the stage for the next step where each group will brainstorm resolutions aligning with their focus areas, fostering a collaborative environment conducive to formulating tangible solutions to the Israel-Iran conflict.
======
🎯 Task 0.8 completed successfully.
Worker node 9b9626cf-8d71-440f-a072-f63cfb03f747 (A seasoned Iranian representative to the UN, known as tough negotiator) get task 0.9: Subtask 5 (Country Representatives 9b9626cf-8d71-440f-a072-f63cfb03f747, fe6fbc30-e640-45ed-9fd2-3c29dffe1103, 849d8cc7-67ef-48aa-9707-823abbd33ddb, cdeb9f9b-eba1-4690-be34-363adeacb7d1, d9f8d8a9-c8f9-47e1-8e6b-71dd823f2fad, bb186b3f-484c-458a-89c8-0410e275276a): Each formed group to prepare and present their proposed resolutions emerging from discussions.
======
Reply from Worker node 9b9626cf-8d71-440f-a072-f63cfb03f747 (A seasoned Iranian representative to the UN, known as tough negotiator):

The groups presented their proposed resolutions as follows:

1. **Security and International Law Group Resolution**:
   - Condemn any military attacks that violate international law and urge parties to respect the UN Charter.
   - Call for an immediate ceasefire and for all parties to engage in constructive dialogue to ensure regional stability and peace.
   - Encourage multilateral cooperation to address sovereignty issues while upholding international laws.

2. **Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Energy Group Resolution**:
   - Reaffirm commitment to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and urge Iran to adhere strictly to its guidelines.
   - Facilitate diplomatic engagements to ensure that Iran’s nuclear program is exclusively for peaceful purposes, proposing potential lifting of sanctions as incentives.
   - Encourage transparent inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and safeguard the Agency’s role.

3. **Regional Stability and Economic Concerns Group Resolution**:
   - Promote peaceful resolutions to reduce the impact of conflicts on the global economy, focusing on sustaining the stability of the oil market.
   - Call for joint economic strategies to address the impacts of geopolitical tensions on the global economic landscape.
   - Advocate for increased collaboration in infrastructure and trade to stabilize the region economically.

4. **Diplomatic Solutions and Peace Advocacy Group Resolution**:
   - Emphasize the importance of diplomatic channels over military intervention and promote a comprehensive dialogue among the involved parties.
   - Offer mediation and support for peaceful negotiations aimed toward resolving the Israel-Iran conflict.
   - Advocate for restraint and constructive engagement to de-escalate tensions and build a framework for lasting peace.

These resolutions highlight the collaborative efforts to address key issues related to the Israel-Iran conflict, focusing on adherence to international law, promoting non-proliferation, ensuring regional stability, and advocating for diplomatic solutions.
======
🎯 Task 0.9 completed successfully.
Worker node 9b9626cf-8d71-440f-a072-f63cfb03f747 (A seasoned Iranian representative to the UN, known as tough negotiator) get task 0.10: Subtask 6 (Country Representatives 9b9626cf-8d71-440f-a072-f63cfb03f747, fe6fbc30-e640-45ed-9fd2-3c29dffe1103, 849d8cc7-67ef-48aa-9707-823abbd33ddb, cdeb9f9b-eba1-4690-be34-363adeacb7d1, d9f8d8a9-c8f9-47e1-8e6b-71dd823f2fad, bb186b3f-484c-458a-89c8-0410e275276a): Review resolutions, propose amendments or modifications as necessary.
======
Reply from Worker node 9b9626cf-8d71-440f-a072-f63cfb03f747 (A seasoned Iranian representative to the UN, known as tough negotiator):

I propose amendments to the presented resolutions to incorporate Iran's perspectives, as follows:

1. **Security and International Law Group Resolution**:
   - Amend to include a call for the international community to not only condemn unlawful military actions but also to address the disparity in nuclear capabilities and the possession of undeclared arsenals by non-NPT nations such as Israel.
   - Highlight the need for a regional security framework where all nations are held to the same account under the UN Charter.

2. **Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Energy Group Resolution**:
   - Amend to emphasize the right of states to pursue nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, with a clause recognizing Iran’s commitment to low-level enrichment exclusively for civilian energy.
   - Propose a structured agreement with specific sanctions relief in exchange for enforced limits on enrichment levels verified by a revised, secure IAEA protocol.

3. **Regional Stability and Economic Concerns Group Resolution**:
   - Enhance by calling for economic partnerships that include easing restrictions that disproportionately affect regional stability, such as essential trade facilitation with Iran.
   - Encourage initiatives for regional economic integration that treat Iran as a key trading partner in Middle East stability efforts.

4. **Diplomatic Solutions and Peace Advocacy Group Resolution**:
   - Include a call to action for international mediation efforts that involve impartial stakeholders to help settle disputes and address every country’s security concerns, especially those of Iran.
   - Add a dialogue component that ensures every nation, including Israel, adheres to international non-proliferation norms and works towards a nuclear-weapons-free Middle East.

These amendments aim to ensure that Iran's positions are considered, especially regarding its legal rights and sovereignty, and to facilitate a fair and balanced resolution path.
======
🎯 Task 0.10 completed successfully.
Worker node 9b9626cf-8d71-440f-a072-f63cfb03f747 (A seasoned Iranian representative to the UN, known as tough negotiator) get task 0.11: Subtask 7 (Country Representatives 9b9626cf-8d71-440f-a072-f63cfb03f747, fe6fbc30-e640-45ed-9fd2-3c29dffe1103, 849d8cc7-67ef-48aa-9707-823abbd33ddb, cdeb9f9b-eba1-4690-be34-363adeacb7d1, d9f8d8a9-c8f9-47e1-8e6b-71dd823f2fad, bb186b3f-484c-458a-89c8-0410e275276a): Vote on each resolution (Yes/No/Abstain).
======
Reply from Worker node 9b9626cf-8d71-440f-a072-f63cfb03f747 (A seasoned Iranian representative to the UN, known as tough negotiator):

As the representative of Iran, I cast the following votes on each resolution:

1. **Security and International Law Group Resolution** - Abstain. We believe in the principles of international law but the resolution needs to include stronger condemnations of nuclear hypocrisy, particularly addressing countries like Israel.

2. **Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Energy Group Resolution** - Abstain. We acknowledge the framework for peaceful nuclear use but believe the resolution requires explicit recognition of our rights under the NPT alongside clear sanctions relief measures.

3. **Regional Stability and Economic Concerns Group Resolution** - Yes. This resolution supports economic stability and proposes measures that align with our goals for regional partnerships and trade facilitation.

4. **Diplomatic Solutions and Peace Advocacy Group Resolution** - Yes. The promotion of diplomatic channels and the inclusion of genuine mediation reflects our commitment to peaceful resolutions while recognizing Iran’s security concerns. We appreciate the revisions that acknowledge our position on a nuclear-weapons-free Middle East and equitable adherence to international norms.
======
🎯 Task 0.11 completed successfully.
Worker node c578f6f3-2dde-45f7-8845-103f6ecbc88c (A veteran UN diplomant, with 40 years of experience in facilitating and moderating security discussions at the UNSC) get task 0.12: Subtask 8 (Veteran UN Diplomat c578f6f3-2dde-45f7-8845-103f6ecbc88c): Present the final resolutions along with voting results to the council.
======

Reply from Worker node c578f6f3-2dde-45f7-8845-103f6ecbc88c (A veteran UN diplomant, with 40 years of experience in facilitating and moderating security discussions at the UNSC):

**Final Resolutions and Voting Results**

1. **Security and International Law Group Resolution**
   - **Resolution:** Condemn military attacks violating international law, call for ceasefire, and advocate respecting UN Charter.
   - **Voting Results:**
     - Iran: Abstain
     - United States: No
     - Russia: Yes
     - China: Yes
     - France: Yes
     - United Kingdom: Abstain

2. **Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Energy Group Resolution**
   - **Resolution:** Reinforce NPT commitment, restrict Iran's nuclear arsenal for peaceful purposes, and propose sanctions lifting.
   - **Voting Results:**
     - Iran: Abstain
     - United States: Yes
     - Russia: Yes
     - China: Yes
     - France: Yes
     - United Kingdom: Yes

3. **Regional Stability and Economic Concerns Group Resolution**
   - **Resolution:** Promote peaceful resolutions and propose strategies to stabilize the economy affected by the conflict.
   - **Voting Results:**
     - Iran: Yes
     - United States: Abstain
     - Russia: Yes
     - China: Yes
     - France: Yes
     - United Kingdom: Yes

4. **Diplomatic Solutions and Peace Advocacy Group Resolution**
   - **Resolution:** Emphasize diplomatic channels, support peace negotiations, and advocate for de-escalating tensions.
   - **Voting Results:**
     - Iran: Yes
     - United States: Yes
     - Russia: Yes
     - China: Abstain
     - France: Yes
     - United Kingdom: Yes
======
🎯 Task 0.12 completed successfully.

Worker node c578f6f3-2dde-45f7-8845-103f6ecbc88c (A veteran UN diplomant, with 40 years of experience in facilitating and moderating security discussions at the UNSC) get task 0.13: Subtask 9 (Veteran UN Diplomat c578f6f3-2dde-45f7-8845-103f6ecbc88c): Deliver summary and outcome of the overall discussions including key points, agreements reached, and pending issues.
======
Reply from Worker node c578f6f3-2dde-45f7-8845-103f6ecbc88c (A veteran UN diplomant, with 40 years of experience in facilitating and moderating security discussions at the UNSC):

**Summary and Outcome of the Israel-Iran UNSC Discussion**

The recent United Nations Security Council discussion focused on the escalating conflict between Israel and Iran, particularly concerning military actions and nuclear proliferation. Each representative from the UNSC permanent members and Iran presented their positions, highlighting key issues and proposing resolutions to address them.

**Key Points Discussed:**
1. **United States:** Emphasized the need for precision strikes on Iranian facilities to ensure regional security and prevent nuclear proliferation.
2. **Iran:** Condemned the attacks as unprovoked acts of war and highlighted the disparities in addressing nuclear capabilities of non-NPT nations like Israel.
3. **Russia, China, France, UK:** Called for adherence to international law and UN Charter principles, advocating for diplomatic resolutions and cessation of military actions by all parties.

**Agreements Reached:**
1. There was consensus on reinforcing diplomatic channels and multilateral cooperation to address ongoing tensions.
2. Most members supported the need for transparent and peaceful nuclear programs verified by the IAEA.
3. Promoting regional economic stability by addressing impacts on the global oil market and encouraging cooperation was agreed upon.

**Pending Issues:**
1. Divergent views remain on the legality and necessity of military interventions.
2. The disparity in nuclear capabilities and adherence to international norms by nations remains a contentious issue.
3. The challenge of balancing security needs with diplomatic engagement without escalating military interventions persists.

**Voting Outcome:**
- **Security and International Law Resolution:** Mixed votes, with abstentions and disagreements highlighting the complexity in aligning member states on approaches to violations of international law.
- **Nuclear Non-Proliferation Resolution:** Broad support, though Iran abstained citing lack of explicit acknowledgment of its NPT rights.
- **Regional Stability Resolution:** Received wide approval, reflecting consensus on the need for economic collaboration and stability.
- **Diplomatic Solutions Resolution:** Generally supported, marking a shared commitment to pursuing peace through dialogue.

This session underscored the importance of the UNSC in facilitating dialogues and negotiating peaceful resolutions despite diverse national interests.
======
🎯 Task 0.13 completed successfully.
Worker node c578f6f3-2dde-45f7-8845-103f6ecbc88c (A veteran UN diplomant, with 40 years of experience in facilitating and moderating security discussions at the UNSC) get task 0.14: Subtask 10 (Veteran UN Diplomat c578f6f3-2dde-45f7-8845-103f6ecbc88c): Present closing remarks to formally close the UNSC discussion on the Israel-Iran conflict.
======
Reply from Worker node c578f6f3-2dde-45f7-8845-103f6ecbc88c (A veteran UN diplomant, with 40 years of experience in facilitating and moderating security discussions at the UNSC):

Ladies and gentlemen, distinguished representatives, and esteemed delegates,

As we draw this United Nations Security Council session to a close, we reflect on the comprehensive and dynamic exchange of views that has transpired over the course of our discussions on the pressing issue of the Israel-Iran conflict. The commitment of each nation to articulate their positions with clarity and conviction has been pivotal in examining the complexities of this conflict.

Throughout these discussions, we have witnessed the power of diplomacy, the significance of dialogue, and the collective endeavor to uphold international law. The resolutions and voting demonstrate our varying degrees of consensus and highlight the multifaceted challenges we face. It is heartening to see progress in areas such as promoting regional stability and economic cooperation, advocating for nuclear non-proliferation, and emphasizing the value of diplomatic solutions.

However, the journey towards peace and security in this region is ongoing and fraught with intricate challenges. While we have achieved a degree of alignment on several fronts, disparities in perspectives, especially concerning military actions and nuclear policies, remind us of the road yet to be traversed.

Let us carry forward the spirit of collaboration and mutual respect into future engagements, continually striving for solutions that reflect our shared values and commitments. The role of the United Nations and its members is ever crucial in fostering an environment conducive to peaceful coexistence and resolution of conflicts.

I extend my gratitude to all representatives for their indispensable contributions and dedication to the cause of peace. Together, we hope to forge a path that not only addresses present tensions but also lays a foundation for sustainable peace and stability in the Middle East and beyond.

Thank you.
======
🎯 Task 0.14 completed successfully.

Customization Options

Add more countries: Create additional representative agents
Change the conflict scenario: Modify the context variable
Adjust negotiation style: Change the system messages for agents
Add observers: Include non-voting observer agents (like media)

Conclusion

This tutorial demonstrates how to use CAMEL's multi-agent system to simulate complex diplomatic negotiations. The framework allows for realistic simulations that can be used for educational purposes, policy analysis, or AI behavior research.

Multi-Agent Systems for Legal Document Automation using CAMEL AI Framework

Jauhar — Mon, 26 May 2025 07:42:29 +0000

A primer on AI agents

Access to tools such as web search has enabled chatbots like ChatGPT access latest and updated information, significantly improving their usefulness. LLM or similarly large multi-modal models, when given separate tools to interact with its environment (aka agency) as per its own reasoning, are often termed as AI agents.

More formally,

“An Agent is a system that leverages an AI model to interact with its environment in order to achieve a user-defined objective. It combines reasoning, planning, and the execution of actions (often via external tools) to fulfil tasks.”

AI agents are sum of two main components: the brain (an AI model), and the body (its capabilities and tools). They usually has the following characteristics:

Understand natural human language: This means they should be able to interact with human users in a natural way and follow requests and instructions.
Reason and plan: They should be able to analyse information, make decisions, and devise plans to solve the problems.
Interact with their environment: They should be able to gather further information, take actions, and analyse the results of such actions

A bit about multi-agent systems

“What magical trick makes us intelligent? The trick is that there is no trick. The power of intelligence stems from our vast diversity, not from any single, perfect principle.”

— Marvin Minsky, The Society of Mind, p. 308

While a single agent is powerful in its own right, having an array of agents working together amplifies its capabilities. In such settings, an agents carries out a designated role and works in collaboration with other agents to solve a problem. We see a vast number of applications of such multi-agent systems (MAS) such as autonomous driving, multi-robot factories, automated training, automated tutoring, etc.

AI agents for legal document automation

So, we will look at an application where multi-agent systems could prove very useful. Legal document drafting takes a lot of time and effort from multiple people. So, we are going to create an agentic team for contract review.

It will have:

A compliance agent who is an expert in certain regulations
A clarifying agent to simplify language
A risk agent who flags unfavourable terms

CAMEL: Communicative Agents for Mind Exploration of Large Scale Language Model Society

We have our multi-agent system design now. But how do we implement it? We will be using Camel-AI’s Workforce module. What is CAMEL? CAMEL stands for “Communicative Agents for Mind Exploration of Large Scale Language Model Society”.

Now that’s a lot of words. In short, it is an open source multi-agent framework that provides a large suite of agentic AI modules such as RAG, synthetic data generation, MCP and tens of other toolkits, amongst other things.

Now, a brief overview of how CAMEL works. An agent in CAMEL, with an AI model (usually a LLM) as the brain, takes a specified role, is provided access to any number of tools (user-defined, MCP, you name it). For our specific task, we first create our three agents as with roles as specified previously. We then create a team of these three agents and assign the team our task. In the end, we hope that they would interact with each other well to solve the task well.

Let’s get started. Firstly, we would set up our development environment.

Installing Dependencies

 pip install camel-ai

Setting up Environment and Credentials

Create a file and name it .env
Add your OpenAI API key or any other keys like so: OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-proj-......

Importing API Keys

from dotenv import load_dotenv
load_dotenv()

Creating our Model

from camel.models import ModelFactory
from camel.types import ModelPlatformType, ModelType
from camel.configs import ChatGPTConfig

# ======================
# Create the model. We are going to use GPT-4o mini
# ======================

model = ModelFactory.create(
    model_platform=ModelPlatformType.OPENAI,
    model_type=ModelType.GPT_4O_MINI,
    model_config_dict=ChatGPTConfig(temperature=0.0).as_dict(), # [Optional] the config for model
)

Now, Let’s Import Tools for our Agents

from camel.toolkits import FunctionTool, SearchToolkit
# =====================
# Load any tools that may be needed
# For our current task, a tool for searching should be enough
# Google search could be used as well but DuckDuckGo works without API key
# =====================
search_tools = [FunctionTool(SearchToolkit().search_duckduckgo)]

Let’s Create our Agents

from camel.agents import ChatAgent
from camel.messages.base import BaseMessage
# ======================
# Initialize Agents
# ======================

# Compliance Agent
compliance_agent = ChatAgent(
    BaseMessage.make_assistant_message(
        role_name="Compliance Agent",
        content=""""
        You are a European tech regulations expert.
        You review the document to check for its compliance against regulations such as GDPR, EU AI regulation, and other relevant regulations.
        Feel free to search the web any additional information as necessary.
        """
    ),
    model=model,
    # Searching could run into rate_limits sometimes. Feel free to comment it out!
    tools=search_tools,
)

# Language Clarity Agent
clarity_agent = ChatAgent(
    BaseMessage.make_assistant_message(
        role_name="Clarity Agent",
        content="""
        You are a language clarifying agent. You review the document and suggest areas that could be simplified.
        Feel free to search any additional information as necessary.
        """
    ),
    model=model,
    # Searching could run into rate_limits sometimes. Feel free to comment it out!
    tools=search_tools,
)

# Risk agent
risk_agent = ChatAgent(
    BaseMessage.make_assistant_message(
        role_name="Risk Agent",
        content="""
        You are a risk agent. 
        You review the document to flag terms that are unfavorable to the company and that could open doors for future legal issues.
        Feel free to search any additional information as necessary.
        """
    ),
    model=model,
    # Searching could run into rate_limits sometimes. Feel free to comment it out!
    tools=search_tools,
)

Creating our Multi-agent system (Workforce in Camel)

from camel.societies.workforce import Workforce
# ======================
# Workforce Setup
# ======================

workforce = Workforce("Contract Review Team")
workforce.add_single_agent_worker(
    "Compliance Agent who is an expert in Tech regulations in the EU",
    worker=compliance_agent,
    ).add_single_agent_worker(
    "Clarity Agent who has a way with simplifying legal terms",
    worker=clarity_agent,
    ).add_single_agent_worker(
        "Risk Agent is a wizard at finding loopholes in contracts",
        worker=risk_agent,
    )

A Sample User Agreement

To see it in action, we are going to provide our agents a mock user agreement, saved in the local directory as user_agreement.txt, and ask it to review and improve it.

Software License and User Agreement
Effective Date: May 24, 2025  

1. Acceptance  
By using SoftwareX (“Software”), you agree to this Agreement. If you do not agree, do not use the Software.  

2. License Grant  
Subject to compliance, ZetaX grants you a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable license to use the Software solely for personal/business purposes.  

3. Restrictions  
You may not:  
- Reverse-engineer, modify, or create derivative works of the Software.  
- Distribute, sell, or sublicense the Software without written permission.  
- Use the Software unlawfully or in violation of this Agreement.  

4. Payment
Fees, if any, are specified at purchase. Unpaid fees may result in suspended access.  

5. Termination  
Either party may terminate this Agreement. Upon termination, you must cease all use and delete the Software.  

6. Disclaimer  
The Software is provided “AS IS.” ZetaX disclaims all warranties, including fitness for a particular purpose.  

7. Limitation of Liability  
ZetaX is not liable for indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising from your use.  

8. Governing Law  
This Agreement is governed by the laws of the United States.  

9. Amendments  
ZetaX may update this Agreement. Continued use constitutes acceptance of revised terms.  

Contact: abc@ZetaX.com

Load the User Agreement in the Program

file_path = "local_data/user_agreement.txt"
with open(file_path, 'r') as f:
    document = f.read()

Let’s Write our Task instruction for our Agentic Team

task_instructions = """
 Review the software license and user agreement contract. 
 Flag any compliance issues with the EU tech regulations and suggest any additional clause. 
 Suggest simplifications in language and propose modifications.
 Search for any risky clauses or loopholes that could be exploited and propose modifications.
 Finally, produce the rewritten user agreement contract taking all the suggestions into account ensuring compliance and reducing risks.
"""

Final Piece of Puzzle: Task

from camel.tasks.task import Task
# ======================
# Defining the Task Object
# ======================
task = Task(
content=task_instruction, # The task instruction goes here
additional_info=document, # The document here is the contract we want our agents to review
id="0", # The number is not important. Could be anything
)

Let’s Run our Agentic Team

result = workforce.process_task(task)
print(result)

Let’s see what the agents have cooked!

Before we take a look at the raw dump of the interaction among the agents, a bit on how it all works. Agents interact with each other based on the task and their roles, usually by dividing the task into subtasks. They solve the subtasks, interact with each other, and then one of the agents produces the final output that’s been described in the task instructions.

Now, without further ado, here is how the interaction proceeded:

First Message

Worker node 4648813760 (Compliance Agent who is an expert in Tech regulations in the EU) get task 0.0: Review the software license and user agreement contract for compliance with EU tech regulations, flag any compliance issues, and suggest additional clauses as needed. (Assigned to Compliance Agent)
======
Reply from Worker node 4648813760 (Compliance Agent who is an expert in Tech regulations in the EU):

1. **GDPR Compliance Issues:**  
   - **Data Processing Clause:** The agreement lacks a clear data processing clause. If the software collects or processes personal data, it must specify the roles of the parties (data controller vs. data processor) and outline the obligations regarding data protection under GDPR.  
   - **User Rights:** There is no mention of user rights under GDPR, such as the right to access, rectify, or erase personal data. A clause should be added to inform users of their rights.  
   - **Data Breach Notification:** The agreement should include a clause regarding the obligation to notify users in case of a data breach involving their personal data.  

2. **EU AI Regulation Compliance Issues:**  
   - **Transparency and Accountability:** If the software uses AI, it should include transparency measures about how AI decisions are made and the accountability of the provider.  
   - **Risk Assessment:** The agreement should mention any risk assessment procedures in place if the software is classified as high-risk under the EU AI regulation.  

3. **Consumer Protection Issues:**  
   - **Governing Law Clause:** The governing law is stated as the laws of the United States, which may not be enforceable for EU users. It should specify that EU users are protected under EU consumer protection laws.  
   - **Limitation of Liability:** The limitation of liability clause may be deemed unfair under EU consumer law, especially if it limits liability for negligence or breaches of contract.  

4. **Suggested Additional Clauses:**  
   - **Data Protection Clause:** "ZetaX shall comply with all applicable data protection laws, including GDPR, and shall ensure that any personal data processed in connection with the Software is handled in accordance with the rights of the users."  
   - **User Rights Clause:** "Users have the right to access, rectify, and erase their personal data processed by the Software. Users can exercise these rights by contacting ZetaX at abc@ZetaX.com."  
   - **Data Breach Notification Clause:** "In the event of a data breach affecting personal data, ZetaX will notify users without undue delay and provide information about the breach and any measures taken."  
   - **Governing Law Clause Revision:** "This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the European Union and the laws of the member state in which the user resides, ensuring compliance with applicable consumer protection laws."  
   - **Limitation of Liability Clause Revision:** "ZetaX shall be liable for any damages arising from negligence or breach of contract, and any limitation of liability shall not apply to cases of willful misconduct or gross negligence."
======

Second Message

Worker node 4648813376 (Clarity Agent who has a way with simplifying legal terms) get task 0.1: Analyze the language of the software license and user agreement contract, and suggest simplifications and modifications for clarity. (Assigned to Clarity Agent)
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Reply from Worker node 4648813376 (Clarity Agent who has a way with simplifying legal terms):

Software License and User Agreement  
Effective Date: May 24, 2025  

1. **Acceptance**  
By using SoftwareX ("Software"), you agree to this Agreement. If you do not agree, do not use the Software.  

2. **License Grant**  
ZetaX gives you a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable license to use the Software for personal or business purposes, as long as you follow the rules.  

3. **Restrictions**  
You may not:  
- Reverse-engineer, modify, or create new versions of the Software.  
- Distribute, sell, or sublicense the Software without written permission.  
- Use the Software in any illegal way or against this Agreement.  

4. **Payment**  
Any fees are listed at the time of purchase. If you don’t pay, your access may be suspended.  

5. **Termination**  
Either you or ZetaX can end this Agreement. If it ends, you must stop using the Software and delete it.  

6. **Disclaimer**  
The Software is provided "AS IS." ZetaX does not guarantee it will meet your needs or be error-free.  

7. **Limitation of Liability**  
ZetaX is not responsible for any indirect, incidental, or consequential damages from your use of the Software.  

8. **Governing Law**  
This Agreement is governed by the laws of the United States.  

9. **Amendments**  
ZetaX can update this Agreement. If you continue to use the Software, you accept the new terms.  

**Contact:** abc@ZetaX.com
======

Third Message

Worker node 4648812992 (Risk Agent is a wizard at finding loopholes in contracts) get task 0.2: Search the contract for any risky clauses or loopholes that could be exploited, and propose modifications to mitigate those risks. (Assigned to Risk Agent)
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Reply from Worker node 4648812992 (Risk Agent is a wizard at finding loopholes in contracts):

1. **License Grant Clause:**  
   - **Risk:** The clause grants a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable license but does not specify the duration of the license or conditions under which it may be revoked. This could lead to ambiguity regarding user rights.  
   - **Modification:** "ZetaX grants you a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable license to use the Software for personal/business purposes for a period of one year, subject to renewal upon compliance with this Agreement. ZetaX reserves the right to revoke this license for any breach of this Agreement."  

2. **Restrictions Clause:**  
   - **Risk:** The restrictions are broad and may not cover all potential misuse cases, leaving room for exploitation.  
   - **Modification:** "You may not:  
   - Reverse-engineer, modify, or create derivative works of the Software.  
   - Distribute, sell, or sublicense the Software without written permission.  
   - Use the Software unlawfully or in violation of this Agreement.  
   - Use the Software in a manner that could harm ZetaX or its reputation."  

3. **Limitation of Liability Clause:**  
   - **Risk:** The limitation of liability may be deemed unfair or unenforceable, especially in cases of gross negligence or willful misconduct.  
   - **Modification:** "ZetaX shall not be liable for indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising from your use, except in cases of gross negligence or willful misconduct, where liability shall not be limited."  

4. **Governing Law Clause:**  
   - **Risk:** The governing law is stated as the laws of the United States, which may not be enforceable for users in other jurisdictions, particularly in the EU.  
   - **Modification:** "This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the United States, except for users located in the European Union, who shall be governed by the laws of the European Union and the member state in which they reside."  

5. **Amendments Clause:**  
   - **Risk:** The unilateral right to amend the agreement without user consent could lead to unfavorable terms being imposed on users.  
   - **Modification:** "ZetaX may update this Agreement, but any material changes will be communicated to users in advance, and continued use after such changes constitutes acceptance of the revised terms."
======

Fourth Message

Worker node 4648813760 (Compliance Agent who is an expert in Tech regulations in the EU) get task 0.3: Compile all the suggestions from the previous tasks and produce a rewritten version of the user agreement contract ensuring compliance and reducing risks. (Assigned to all agents collaboratively)
======
Reply from Worker node 4648813760 (Compliance Agent who is an expert in Tech regulations in the EU):

Software License and User Agreement  
Effective Date: May 24, 2025  

1. **Acceptance**  
By using SoftwareX ("Software"), you agree to this Agreement. If you do not agree, do not use the Software.  

2. **License Grant**  
ZetaX grants you a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable license to use the Software for personal or business purposes for a period of one year, subject to renewal upon compliance with this Agreement. ZetaX reserves the right to revoke this license for any breach of this Agreement.  

3. **Restrictions**  
You may not:  
- Reverse-engineer, modify, or create derivative works of the Software.  
- Distribute, sell, or sublicense the Software without written permission.  
- Use the Software unlawfully or in violation of this Agreement.  
- Use the Software in a manner that could harm ZetaX or its reputation.  

4. **Payment**  
Any fees are specified at the time of purchase. If you do not pay, your access may be suspended.  

5. **Termination**  
Either you or ZetaX may terminate this Agreement. Upon termination, you must cease all use and delete the Software.  

6. **Disclaimer**  
The Software is provided "AS IS." ZetaX does not guarantee it will meet your needs or be error-free.  

7. **Limitation of Liability**  
ZetaX shall not be liable for indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising from your use, except in cases of gross negligence or willful misconduct, where liability shall not be limited.  

8. **Governing Law**  
This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the United States, except for users located in the European Union, who shall be governed by the laws of the European Union and the member state in which they reside.  

9. **Amendments**  
ZetaX may update this Agreement, but any material changes will be communicated to users in advance, and continued use after such changes constitutes acceptance of the revised terms.  

10. **Data Protection**  
ZetaX shall comply with all applicable data protection laws, including GDPR, and shall ensure that any personal data processed in connection with the Software is handled in accordance with the rights of the users.  

11. **User Rights**  
Users have the right to access, rectify, and erase their personal data processed by the Software. Users can exercise these rights by contacting ZetaX at abc@ZetaX.com.  

12. **Data Breach Notification**  
In the event of a data breach affecting personal data, ZetaX will notify users without undue delay and provide information about the breach and any measures taken.  

**Contact:** abc@ZetaX.com
======

Well, that looks like the end. The forth message gives out the revised version of the user agreement and the agents have deemed it a work well executed and terminated the task.

The new draft of the user agreement has indeed added clauses pertaining to the European Union’s data protection laws including GDPR. It has added clauses that decreases the liability of the fictional entity ZetaX in case of mishaps. Finally, the languages has been simplified a little bit as well.

What Could be Improved?

Firstly, it would be good to be able to process a legal draft in a pdf or doc format. Currently testing out Chunkr to process PDFs for being used by LLMs.

Secondly, it would be great to incorporate a human in the loop so that the agents continue working on the task and asking human approval before terminating. I think it would be particularly useful when processing longer documents.