DEV Community: jay shankar k

PYTHON SELENIUM ARCHITECTURE

jay shankar k — Thu, 13 Jun 2024 15:22:17 +0000

As we all know, Selenium is an automation tool used for web application testing, and Python is a programming language. Selenium scripts can be written using only programming languages; the most commonly used programming languages are Java and Python.Pyhton and Selenium work together to create automation scripts and code that are used for interactions with web browsers.

This python code sets up a selenium automation script to open a chrome browser and navigate to a specified URL.

"""
This script is a basic example of how to use Selenium with Python to automate web browser action like opening a web page
"""

# Importing the selenium webdriver module to automate web browser interactions.
from selenium import webdriver
#Importing chromedrivermanager to automatically download and manage the chrome driver binary.
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
#Importing the service class from the chrome module of selenium.
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service


class jay:


    def __init__(self, url):
        self.url = url
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()))


    def start(self):
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.driver.get(self.url)


# executing main function
if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = "https://www.hotstar.com/in/home?ref=%2Fin"
    jay = jay(url)
    jay.start()

PYTHON VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS

Python Virtual environment is an self-contained isolated directory which contains Python and its various modules.
It is used for sand-boking different modules of Python and to test it.

WHY WE USE PYTHON VIRTUAL ENVIROMENT?

It is Isolated environment for testing
Folder structure for your unique projects
Python virtual environments are essential for maintaining clean and reproducible development environments, managing dependencies effectively, and avoiding common issues related to package management and compatibility.

WHY DO WE NEED A VIRTUAL ENVIROMENT?

Imagine a scenario where you are working on two web-based Python projects one of them uses TATAPOWER 4.9 and the other uses TATAPOWER 4.15 (check for the latest ECOPOWER versions and so on). In such situations, we need to create a virtual environment in Python that can be really useful to maintain the dependencies of both projects.

HOW IT'S WORKS?

Creating an environment
pip install virtualenv
Activating the virtual environment
virtual env
Scripts\activate
Install the required package modules using PIP command
deactivate the virtual environment
Scripts\deactivate

C:\Users\User>pip install virtualenv
Requirement already satisfied: virtualenv in c:\python312\lib\site-packages (20.26.2)
Requirement already satisfied: distlib<1,>=0.3.7 in c:\python312\lib\site-packages (from virtualenv) (0.3.8)
Requirement already satisfied: filelock<4,>=3.12.2 in c:\python312\lib\site-packages (from virtualenv) (3.14.0)
Requirement already satisfied: platformdirs<5,>=3.9.1 in c:\python312\lib\site-packages (from virtualenv) (4.2.2)

C:\Users\User>python -m venv env

(env) C:\Users\User>cd env

(env) C:\Users\User\env>dir
 Volume in drive C is Windows 10
 Volume Serial Number is D099-1466

 Directory of C:\Users\User\env

06/11/2024  10:56 AM    <DIR>          .
06/11/2024  10:56 AM    <DIR>          ..
06/11/2024  10:56 AM    <DIR>          Include
06/11/2024  10:56 AM    <DIR>          Lib
06/13/2024  12:27 PM               176 pyvenv.cfg
06/13/2024  01:06 PM    <DIR>          Scripts
               1 File(s)            176 bytes
               5 Dir(s)  189,175,468,032 bytes free

(env) C:\Users\User\env>cd scripts

(env) C:\Users\User\env\Scripts>dir
 Volume in drive C is Windows 10
 Volume Serial Number is D099-1466

 Directory of C:\Users\User\env\Scripts

06/13/2024  01:06 PM    <DIR>          .
06/13/2024  01:06 PM    <DIR>          ..
06/13/2024  12:27 PM             2,314 activate
06/13/2024  12:27 PM               984 activate.bat
06/13/2024  12:27 PM            26,199 Activate.ps1
06/13/2024  12:27 PM               393 deactivate.bat
06/13/2024  01:06 PM           108,386 dotenv.exe
06/13/2024  01:06 PM           108,407 normalizer.exe
06/13/2024  01:03 PM           108,395 pip.exe
06/13/2024  01:03 PM           108,395 pip3.12.exe
06/13/2024  01:03 PM           108,395 pip3.exe
06/13/2024  12:27 PM           270,616 python.exe
06/13/2024  12:27 PM           259,352 pythonw.exe
06/13/2024  12:27 PM           789,504 pythonw_d.exe
06/13/2024  12:27 PM           790,016 python_d.exe
              13 File(s)      2,681,356 bytes
               2 Dir(s)  189,174,358,016 bytes free

(env) C:\Users\User\env\Scripts>cd ..

(env) C:\Users\User\env>scripts\activate

(env) C:\Users\User\env>pip list
Package            Version
------------------ -----------
attrs              23.2.0
certifi            2024.6.2
cffi               1.16.0
charset-normalizer 3.3.2
h11                0.14.0
idna               3.7
outcome            1.3.0.post0
packaging          24.1
pip                24.0
pycparser          2.22
PySocks            1.7.1
python-dotenv      1.0.1
requests           2.32.3
selenium           4.21.0
sniffio            1.3.1
sortedcontainers   2.4.0
trio               0.25.1
trio-websocket     0.11.1
typing_extensions  4.12.2
urllib3            2.2.1
webdriver-manager  4.0.1
wsproto            1.2.0

(env) C:\Users\User\env>

(env) C:\Users\User\env>scripts\deactivate
C:\Users\User\env>

SELENIUM

jay shankar k — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 03:08:08 +0000

WHAT IS SELENIUM ?

Selenium is an open-source tool for automating web browsers. It provides a way to interact with web pages as a user would, allowing you to automate tasks, test web applications, and scrape data from websites.We use Selenium for automation because it provides a powerful way to interact with web pages programmatically.

Supports Cross Browser Testing.The Selenium tests can be run on multiple browsers and also supports all environment
Allows scripting in several languages like Java, C#, PHP and Python.
Open Source(Free of cost)
Assertion statements provide an efficient way of comparing expected and actual results.
Inbuilt reporting mechanism.

Through scripts to perform actions like clicking buttons, filling forms, and navigating through pages. Here's a simple example in Python:

from selenium import webdriver
Import time
#create a new instance of the crome driver 
driver=webdriver.Chrome()
#open the desired webpage
driver.get("https://www.zenclass.in/class”)

#find elements and interact with them

username_input = driver.find_element_by_id("user-name")
password_input = driver.find_element_by_id("password")
login_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@type='submit']")

#close the browser
driver.quit()

In 2006 Selenium Web Driver was launched at Google.In 2008 Whole Selenium Team Decided to Merge Selenium Web Driver with Selenium RC in order to form More Powerful tool called Selenium 2.0.


Selenium IDE{Limited Use}


Selenium RC {Remote Control) Out Dated Using only for Maintenance Projects


Selenium Web Driver {Successor of Selenium RC}


Selenium Grid(Only for Parallel Test Execution, not for Test Design)

SELENIUM IDE

Selenium IDE is an integrated development environment for Selenium tests.
It is implemented as a Firefox extension, and allows you to record, edit, and replay the test in firefox
Selenium IDE allows you to save tests as HTML, Java, Ruby scripts, or any other format
It allows you to automatically add assertions to all the pages.
Allows you to add selenese commands as and when required.

SELENIUM RC

Selenium RC is an important component in the Selenium test suite. It is a testing framework that enables a QA or a developer to write test cases in any programming language in order to automate UI tests for web applications against any HTTP website.

A server, written in Java and so available on all the platforms.
Acts as a proxy for web requests from them.
Client libraries for many popular languages.
Bundles Selenium Core and automatically loads into the browser
Once the Scripts are recorded add assertions where ever required
Now format the Selenese test into the language of your choice.

SELENIUM WEBDRIVER

Why selenium webdriver?

Selenium is open source software

We can freely download & use
We can do enhancements

Selenium Supports different Operating Environments

Ms windows
Linux
macintosh
Apple OX

Selenium Supports different Browser Environments

Google chrome
Linux
Mozilla firefox
IE
Safari
Opera.....

Seleniurs Suppor's different Application Environments

Web Based
Mobile Based Applications Having Web Forms

Selenium Supports different Programming Environments

Java
C#
Python
Javascript
Ruby

SELENIUM GRID

Selenium Grid is a part of the Selenium Suite
Selenium Grid has a Hub and Node Architecture.
To Run your tests against different browsers, operating systems, and machines all at the same time
If you set up Selenium Grid to run, say, 4 tests at a time, then you would be able to finish the whole suite around 4 times faster.
It support both Selenium RC and Web Driver scripts.

DISADVANTAGES WITH SELENIUM

It doesn't generate detailed Test Reports
No reliable support
Difficult to setup environment
Limited support for Image based testing

MANUAL TESTING

jay shankar k — Wed, 24 Jan 2024 16:56:13 +0000

Manual testing primairly involves human intervention without the use of automated tools.there are tools that can assist manual testers in various aspects of thir work.these tools are not automation tools but are used to manage and streamline manual tasting processes.some examples iike:-JIRA,TESTRAIL,TESTLINK
QTEST,ZEPHYR.

STAGES OF MANNUAL TESTING

UNIT TESTING:testing individual units of
components of a software application to ensure they function correctly.in unit testing we test each class,each box,each product,each unit are developed or not.
INTEGRATION TESTING:verifying that different
modules or components work together as expected or not.
SYSTEM TESTING:cheking a entire software,evaluating the entire system's functionality to ensure it meets specified requirements.
UI TESTING:UI testing, also known as user interface testing, involes evaluating the graphical interface of a software application to ensure that it functions correctly and provides user experience.
ACCEPTANCE TESTING:the major aim of this test is to evolute the compliance of the system with the business requirements and access whether it is acceptable for delivery or not.comfirming that the software meets user requirements and is ready for release.
REGRESSION TESTING:regression testing involves retesting a software application to ensure that recent changes or additions to the code haven't negatively affected exixting functionalities.
PERFORMANCE TESTING:evaluating the speed, responsiveness, and overall performance of the application.it's crucial for identifying potential issues that may effect the system's long-term performance and use experince.

TYPE OF MANUAL TESTING

black box testing

Black box testing is a testing approach where the tester does not have any knowledge of the internal working, logic, or implementation details of the software being tested. it's helps ensure that the software functions correctly from the end-user's perspective without diving into the code's internal.
EXAMPLE:like checking a mixer grinder without knowing how
it works inside.you test it's buttons and functions without peeking inside the box to see the sircuits just foucusing on inputs and outputs.similarly,in software, we test the applications features without knowing the internal code.

WHITE BOX TESTING

White box testing is like examining the inner workings of a device. it involves testing the internal code,logic,and structure of a software application.
EXAMPLE:include checking specific lines of code,paths
through the software, or ensuring that functions are
working as intended within the program's source code.

GREY BOX TESTING

Grey box testing is like having partial knowledge of a device's internals.it's mix of black box testing.
EXAMPLE:you might partially inspect the code and also test the software's functionality from a user's perspective.

BENEFITS OF MANUAL TESTING

Mannual testing allows testers to use their intuition and experience to explore the application,indentifying unexpected issues that automated tests might miss.humans can adapt to changes in the application quickly. manual testers can modify test cases on the fly based on the evolving requirements, making it more flexible.this is especially useful in agile development environments where changes happen frequently.

SOME ADVANTAGES MANUAL TESTING LIKE

No enviroment limitations.
Programming knowledge is not required.
Recommendable for dynamically changing GUI designs.
Recommendable for usability testing.
Manual testing allows for humans observation,which may be more useful to find potential defects.

DRAWBACKS OF MANUAL TESTING

Manual testing requires more time or more resources.
Less accuracy.
Performance testing is impractical in manual testing.
Comparing large amount of data impractical.
Processing change requests during software maintenance takes more time.
Batch testing is possible, but for each test execution human user interaction is mandatory.
GUI objects size difference and color combinations etc...are not easy to find in manual testing.
Manual test case scope is very less, if it is automated test, scope is more.
Executing same tests again and again is time taking process as well as tedious.
For every release you must rerun the same set of tests which can be tiresome.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL TESTING AND NON-FUNCTIONAL TESTING

jay shankar k — Tue, 23 Jan 2024 02:47:42 +0000

FUNCTIONAL TESTING

With functional testing we verifies each functions feature of the software goal is to validate software actions.it's basis on customer requirment.

TYPE OF FUNCTIONAL TESTING

unit testing
integration testing
interface testing
regression testing
user acceptance testing

UNIT TESTING

Unit testing is the first level of testing in the software development prosess. in unit testing we test each class, each box,each product each unit are
developed or not.in this test testing of individual coponets or unit.
EXAMPLE:we have a one calculation application. the above unit test asserts that 50 + 60 is equal to 110.if the add function return anything else assert.
then we have to fix the problem.

INTEGRATION TESTING

intergrations between two or more different components or unit with in the software.it verifies that these integrated components working together or not.
EXAMPLE:in integration testing,both minus and plus
are used together like 10-5+6 equal to 11.

INTERFACE TESTING

Interface testing checks the interfaces of components or system.in interface testing we check
entire software system working or not.test the integration between the registration module and other related modules confirm that data stored accurately in the database.it involves validating
the use interface,apis,and interactions between system modules to ensure smooth communication and
functionality.

REGRESSION TESTING

regression testing involves retesting a software
application to ensure that recent changes or additions to the code haven't negatively affected existing functionalities.
EXAMPLE:imagine we have a calculation application.
we initially test it to ensure that basic opperation like addition,subtraction,multiplication work correctly. later we deside to add a new feature,such
as devision calculation after implementing the division feature we perform regression testing.

USER ACCEPTED TESTING

It is the final software testing process where end users evalute the system to ensure it meets thir requirement before going leave.
EXAMPLE:in a what'sapp application UAT might involve users testing messeges,videos and ensuring all features work as expected.if users accepts the system's performance, it can be considered for production release.

NON-FUNTIONAL SOFTWARE TESTING

Non-funtional testing verifies aspects like performance reliability etc.in non-funtional testing
goal is to validate software performance it is based on custumer's expectation's.

TYPE OF NON-FUNCTIONAL TESTING

documentation testing
installation testing
performance testing
reliabilty testing
security testing

DOCUMENTATION TESTING

Documentation testing involes evalvating the accuracy, completeness and effectiveness of the software documentation
EXAMPLE:in a banking application ,documentation testing would verify that the user mannual accurately explains the steps for transferring funds including scrteen shots and details.

INSTALLATION TESTING

Installation testing is a type of software testing that focuses on verifying if the software is installed configured and uninstalled correctly. it
ensures that the installation process doesn't cause issue and that the software work as intended once installed by conducting installation testing software.

PERFORMANCE TESTING

performance testing is about checking how well a software application performs under various conditions.it helps ensure that the system meets speed, responsiveness and stability requirements.

RELIABILITY TESTING

reliability testing assesses the stability and consistency of a software system. it aims to ensure to that the application can perform consistently over time without unexpected failures. reliability
is crucial for indentifying potential issues that may effects the system's long-term performance and use experience.

SECURITY TESTING

Security testing focuses on indentifying vulnerabilities,weakness and potential threats within a system to ensure that it remains secure. the goal is to uncover potential risks and product the system from unauthorized access, data breaches and other security issues.its normally conducting by cyber sequrity.

TESTING TECHNIQUES

jay shankar k — Sun, 21 Jan 2024 08:09:31 +0000

BOUNDARY VALUE ANALYSIS

Boundary value analysis is based on testing at the boundaries between partition.boundary value analysis we have the boundry value and invalid value considered.BVA is the best technique to test the functionality of a test case and test cases generated by BVA are vryy small.it is important to apply this techniques because boundary values are often a source of errors in software application boundary value analysis is a another block box text desingh technique and it is used to find the errors at boundaries of input domain rather than finding those errors in the center of inputs.in black box testing software without internal knowledge is called black box testing. boundary value analysis is one of the videly used case desingh technique for black box testing.

0,1,2          9,10,11

------|---------------|------

We have six test cases boundary values 0,1,2 and 9,10,11.

DECISION TABLE TESTING

Decision table testing is a popular software testing technique decision table testing is also known as to cause effect table. this software testing technique is used for functions which respond to combination decision table testing also known as black box testing.that leads to different out comes. it is special use for than multiple inputs and results in various behaviours.

EXAMPLE:AMAZON DELIVERY

If person have a prime member

ABOVE 3000 --> they whould get 20% 0ff
BElow 3000 --> they whould get 10% off

If person have a non-prime member

ABOVE 3000 --> they whould get 5% off
BELOW 3000 --> they whould get nothing

Then we get 4 test cases

PRIME MEMBER
3500
2900

NON-PRIME MEMBER
3200
2600

USE CASE TESTING

Use case testing is a functional testing technique that helps in indentifying and testing scenarious on the whole system or doing start to end transactions.
it helps to identifying the gaps in software that might not be indentified by listing individual components.use cases often include an index,with several individual use cases for each step of software or platform's prosess.there are two fundamental purposes of testing verifying procurement specification and managing risk verify that all elements on registration page fields,buttons,etc displages correctly.

EXAMPLE:user case mean user interact and it's behaviour.we have a login page and in it we can see who can come in this.they are called actor. the actor can take action. the actor can be anyone like user,admin,sub-admin,banking,byer,seller etc. so actor can also change and behaviour can also change documenting all these things comes in use case testing.

LCSAJ TESTING

Lcsaj stand for linear code squence and jump,a white box testing technique to identify the code coverage,
which begins at the start of the program or branch and ends at the end of the program or the branch. in
lcsaj testing technique neccessary to have internal
knowledge.in lcsaj we see internally working or not.
if anyone want use lcsaj testing technique they would be use white box and grey box testing.

EXAMPLE:a software which defects whether the person is eligible to vote or not using their age as on input. then put some value above 18 and some value
below 18. it's a tast case.

software testing

jay shankar k — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 18:38:03 +0000

softerware testing is a kind of method which ensure that the software product who has created by software developer is working properly or not and in software testing ,bugs or any kind of defect is also deceted.to put in simple language software testing is method to check whether the actual software product matehes expected requirements in and to ensure that software product is defect free.

THERE IS TWO TYPE OF TESTING

MANUAL TESTING
AUTOMATION TESTING

To test any sofware product we need to use both mannual testing and automation testing.if anyone do a single test is impossible to find all the defect and bugs.it is important for us to use both testing manual testing and automation testing.

MANUAL TESTING

Manual testing:-any kind of external test in the
software comes under mannual testing.humen tester manually tests the software performing all the actions that the real users are supposed to take.
Example:-1)we touch link and any kind of icon.its
working properly or not.there nothing wrong with it.its also come in mannual testing.
2)check that the user id and password are being entered correctly in the login portal.and is the error message coming corectly or not.

STAGE OF MANNUAL TESTING

 UNIT TESTING

INTEGRATION TESTING
SYSTEM TESTING
UI TESTING
ACCEPTANCE TESTING

Unit testing:-testing a single unit is called unit
testing.exp:-we check a camera,we check a video

Intgration testing:-we check two units work
together.like in phone pay we check phone pay and camera are working together or not.

System testing:-if we check entire software system
its called system testing.

Ui testing:-in software engineering graphical user
interface testing is the process of testing a product graphical.

Acceptance testing:-the major aim of this test is to
evaluate the complaince of the system with the business requirement and assess whether it is acceptable for delivery or not.

TYPE OF MANNUAL TESTING

BLACK BOX
WHITE BOX
GREY BOX

BLACK BOX:-in black box check it,but we don't know
internal knowledge.black box testing is a method of examinis the functionality of an application without peering into its internal structurs or workings.

WHITE BOX:-in while box we know every thing about
internal knowledge then we check it. white box testing is a form of application testing that provides the tester with complete knowledge of application being tested.

GREY BOX:-grey box is more efficiency. in grey box
we check with out internal and if we have internal knowledge also we will check.

AUTOMATION TESTING

AUTOMATION TESTING:-a software tool conduct the
testing like selenium, is an open sourse automation testing tool.
programically excuting the code under the test,providing the configured in put and verifying the actual output with the expected.a healthy software development organization uses both of these techniques to ship high quality software.