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    <title>DEV Community: Jessica Aline</title>
    <description>The latest articles on DEV Community by Jessica Aline (@jessicaalines).</description>
    <link>https://dev.to/jessicaalines</link>
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      <title>DEV Community: Jessica Aline</title>
      <link>https://dev.to/jessicaalines</link>
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    <item>
      <title>[EN-US] How does the internet work?</title>
      <dc:creator>Jessica Aline</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Jun 2025 22:31:21 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/jessicaalines/en-us-how-does-the-internet-work-2of3</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/jessicaalines/en-us-how-does-the-internet-work-2of3</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Today I decided to write a bit about an essential topic, about the foundation that even allows this post to be read by other people: the internet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;All references used in this text were obtained through MDN documentation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Before talking about the technical composition of what we know as the internet, I think it's interesting to provide a brief context about its creation. The history of the internet began in the 1960s, through research projects by the United States Army. It was only during the 1980s that the internet gained a public infrastructure, supported by public universities and private companies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Since then, many things have been perfected, and as technology advances at a rapid pace, it would be no different with the internet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another important conceptual point to remember is that the internet is the backbone of the web (the web is built on the internet's infrastructure). In other words, the internet is the infrastructure that allows billions of computers to connect.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One of the things that most intrigued me about how the internet works was how content is delivered. For this, we have various data centers spread across different parts of the world.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Inside data centers, there are racks, which are structures built to organize and protect equipment (like a closed shelf). Inside the racks are the servers (like books on a shelf), where data is stored. On the internal part of the servers, there's an SSD, which functions as long-term memory (which would be like the content of the book itself).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F7m8y9h74t3oqtwl9d4qb.jpg" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F7m8y9h74t3oqtwl9d4qb.jpg" alt="Image of a datacenter" width="800" height="560"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Source: ISPBLOG&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fz29fk9sqlq8wlkfwxnn7.webp" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fz29fk9sqlq8wlkfwxnn7.webp" alt="Image of a server" width="800" height="245"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Source: Controle net&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But what exactly are these blessed servers? They are powerful computers whose purpose is to provide stored content when requested. We can think of a server as a waiter who delivers an order to a customer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;So, when someone makes a "request" for content stored on these servers, the content travels through a complex network of fiber optic cables. The cables connect the data center to the requesting device. This is independent of the device's connection method to the internet (mobile data, Wi-Fi, ethernet cable).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Faau2z236rf1er29i7nz9.webp" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Faau2z236rf1er29i7nz9.webp" alt="Image of a submarine optical fiber network" width="800" height="432"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Source: Submarine Cable Map&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Data transfer via fiber optic cables can occur for all devices connected to the internet (tablet, smartphone, laptop, server, etc.). These devices have a unique identifier, a sequence of numbers called an IP address.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An IP address works like a home address. Mail can arrive at the correct place because it has a specific address. In other words, the IP address follows the logic of a delivery address, allowing information to reach its destination (this is defined by the ISP: Internet Service Provider).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If an IP address functions as a delivery address, the servers in data centers also have IP addresses (following the sender and receiver logic). A server can, for example, store a website, so you and I can access any website by knowing only the server's IP address.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;However, memorizing IP addresses isn't very practical. That's where DNS (Domain Name System) comes in. Its function is to establish a link between an IP address and its equivalent domain name. It's easier to know a person's name than their Social Security Number, right?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The example below was validated in Windows PowerShell:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F3m6l9fxllqvyamenyiks.png" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F3m6l9fxllqvyamenyiks.png" alt="Image of PowerShell prompt" width="800" height="343"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Returning to servers, a single server can store multiple websites. This means not all sites can be accessed using their server's IP address. Therefore, websites are identified by extra information, such as the host header, to aid in their recognition. Thus, we can say that servers can have a one-to-many relationship: one server, with one IP address, serving multiple websites.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For this reason, giant sites like Facebook and YouTube have an entire dedicated data center infrastructure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With this, we know that internet access is usually done via domain names and not via IPs. The IP addresses corresponding to their domain names are obtained through DNS, which functions as a huge contact list (linking names and numbers). As mentioned earlier, this is managed by the ISP or other organizations.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With this information in hand, we can trace the step-by-step process of data when a request is made:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The user accesses the browser;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Types the domain name;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;With the IP address, the browser forwards the request to the data center (to the server in question);&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;When the server receives a request to access a specific website, the data flow begins;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Data transfer occurs in digital format, through fiber optic cables (more specifically, in form of light pulses);&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;These light pulses eventually need to travel thousands of kilometers, through fiber optic cables, to reach their destination;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The cables carrying the light (light pulses) are stretched along the seabed to their destination, where they meet a router;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The router converts the light pulses into electrical pulses, which reach the device via an ethernet cable. 
&lt;strong&gt;NOTE:&lt;/strong&gt; If the destination device is a cell phone using mobile data, the optical cable signal is sent to a cell tower, which then transmits the signal to the device through electromagnetic waves.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fhhi4vby7p0cqbn87ptml.png" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fhhi4vby7p0cqbn87ptml.png" alt="Image of a pc and a server conection" width="800" height="303"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Source: Medium&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Regarding the steps described above, one particular part made me very curious: how are these fiber optic cables installed? Since they play such an important role in this story, here's a brief summary:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The global installation of submarine fiber optic cables is carried out by companies like AT&amp;amp;T and Google, using specialized cable-laying ships. A submarine plow is carefully lowered to the seabed; as the ship tows it, the plow cuts a trench and simultaneously inserts the cable into it, protecting it. These cables are highly robust, with multiple layers of protection, and their installation is meticulously planned to prevent damage and ensure global connectivity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fmrrwchkfj6xaq9ngkmm8.jpg" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fmrrwchkfj6xaq9ngkmm8.jpg" alt="Image of a optical fiber cable installation" width="800" height="457"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Source: Honest Cable&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Since the internet is a global network, it's important to have a managing organization to assign IPs, domain names, etc. This institution is ICANN (Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers) and is located in Los Angeles, United States.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Considering everything that has been said so far, the internet's efficiency lies in its method of data transmission. There's a complex infrastructure operation happening behind the scenes so that, through device screens, the internet seems magical. This text, for example, is sent from a data center in the form of zeros and ones. This efficiency is in how these zeros and ones are divided into small pieces (packets) and transmitted.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These streams of zeros and ones can be divided into different packets by the server, where each packet consists of 6 bits. Along with the text bits, each packet also consists of the sequence number and the IP addresses of the server and the requesting device.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fotiy1ko2eoo0shpyk0rq.png" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fotiy1ko2eoo0shpyk0rq.png" alt="Image of a pc screen" width="800" height="800"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Source: Gemini&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;From this information, the packets are routed to the device, but not all packets will necessarily be routed via the same path, and each packet independently follows the best route at that moment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It's like two delivery riders at the same restaurant waiting to deliver food to different customers who live in the same condominium. They might use different routes, according to what Maps or Waze indicated at the time, but they will still both reach their destination.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When the data arrives at the device, the packets are reassembled according to their sequence number. If any packet doesn't reach the device, a confirmation is sent for the lost packets to be redelivered.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fj7uo5gh66zvsyj0i0vt3.jpg" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fj7uo5gh66zvsyj0i0vt3.jpg" alt="Image of a puzzle image missing pieces" width="339" height="400"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Source: eBay&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This follows the same line as the Gilmore Girls episode where Kirk is working as a mailman and delivers all the mail to the wrong addresses. In the end, the residents themselves organize a scheme to ensure their letters reach them.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;That's why on the internet there are protocols (to avoid digital Kirks), which are responsible for managing this complex flow of data packets. Protocols define the rules for converting data packets, attaching source and destination addresses to each packet, and the rules for routers. We can think of protocols as the postal service.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For different applications, different protocols are applied:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;TCP/IP: data transport and addressing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;HTTP/HTTPS: web access&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;RTP: live streams, calls over the internet (VoIP)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F9i75exjfpx1c3n76ecnq.png" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F9i75exjfpx1c3n76ecnq.png" alt="Image of a cartoon with a car full of mail" width="800" height="618"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Source: Custom Cartoon Gifts&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This text, by no means, intends to exhaust the subject or even provide a detailed overview, but rather to give a general vision of how the internet works behind the scenes. The idea is always to share knowledge, understanding that knowledge is not something fixed, but a constantly updating construction.&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>internet</category>
      <category>infrastructure</category>
      <category>opticalfibercable</category>
      <category>datacenter</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[PT-BR] Como a internet funciona?</title>
      <dc:creator>Jessica Aline</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Jun 2025 22:14:07 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/jessicaalines/pt-br-como-a-internet-funciona-4ikj</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/jessicaalines/pt-br-como-a-internet-funciona-4ikj</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Hoje resolvi escrever um pouco sobre um assunto essencial, sobre a base que inclusive permite que este post possa estar sendo lido por outras pessoas: a internet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Todas as referências utilizadas neste texto foram obtidas através da documentação da MDN.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Antes de falar sobre a parte técnica da composição do que conhecemos como internet, acho interessante trazer um breve contexto sobre a sua criação. A história da internet teve início nos anos 1960, através de projetos de pesquisa do Exército dos Estados Unidos. Apenas durante os anos 1980 é que a internet passou a ter uma infraestrutura pública, sendo suportada por universidades públicas e empresas privadas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;De lá pra cá, muitas coisas foram aperfeiçoadas e, como a tecnologia anda a passos largos, não seria diferente com a internet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Outra coisa importante de lembrar, agora em nível conceitual, é que a internet é a espinha dorsal da web (a web é construída na infraestrutura da internet). Ou seja, a internet é a infraestrutura que permite a conexão entre bilhões de computadores.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uma das coisas que mais me intrigavam sobre o funcionamento da internet era a forma como os conteúdos são entregues. Para isso, temos diversos datacenters espalhados em várias partes do mundo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dentro dos datacenters existem os racks, que são estruturas construídas para organizar e proteger os equipamentos (como uma estante fechada). Dentro dos racks ficam os servidores (como os livros na estante), onde é feito o armazenamento dos dados. Na parte interna dos servidores há o SSD, que funciona como uma memória de longo prazo (que seria como o próprio conteúdo do livro).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F8ju30lxtne1ffsipye96.jpg" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F8ju30lxtne1ffsipye96.jpg" alt="Imagem de um datacenter" width="800" height="560"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Fonte: ISPBLOG&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fg7wn7a1slnvsx4q8veq5.webp" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fg7wn7a1slnvsx4q8veq5.webp" alt="Imagem de um servidor" width="800" height="245"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Fonte: Controle Net&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mas afinal de contas, o que são esses benditos servidores? São computadores poderosos que têm o objetivo de fornecer os conteúdos armazenados quando solicitados. Podemos pensar num servidor como um garçom que entrega o pedido ao cliente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Então, quando alguém faz algum "pedido" de um conteúdo que esteja armazenado nesses servidores, os conteúdos viajam através de uma complexa rede de cabos de fibra óptica. Os cabos fazem a conexão entre o datacenter e o dispositivo solicitante. Isso independe do método de conexão do dispositivo à internet (dados móveis, Wi-Fi, cabo ethernet).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fnx6rnj519wfsyb0onp6y.webp" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fnx6rnj519wfsyb0onp6y.webp" alt="Imagem de um mapa global com as conexões de cabos de fibra óptica submarinos" width="800" height="432"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Fonte: Submarine Cable Map&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O transporte dos dados via cabos de fibra óptica pode ocorrer para todos os dispositivos conectados à internet (tablet, smartphone, laptop, servidor, etc.). Esses dispositivos possuem um identificador exclusivo, uma sequência de números chamada IP.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O IP funciona como o endereço de casa. As correspondências podem chegar ao lugar certo por possuírem um endereço específico. Ou seja, o IP segue a lógica do endereço de entrega, permitindo que as informações cheguem ao seu destino (isso é definido pelo ISP: Internet Service Provider).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se o IP funciona como um endereço de entrega, os servidores que ficam nos datacenters também possuem IPs (seguindo a lógica de remetente e destinatário). O servidor pode armazenar, por exemplo, um site, então, eu/você podemos acessar qualquer site sabendo apenas o IP do servidor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Porém, decorar o IP não é algo muito prático. É aí que entra em cena o DNS (Domain Name System). Sua função é estabelecer um vínculo entre o endereço de IP e o seu nome de domínio equivalente. É mais fácil saber o nome de uma pessoa do que o seu CPF, certo?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;O exemplo abaixo foi validado no Windows PowerShell:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fczwocu19hug70kfbcbav.png" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fczwocu19hug70kfbcbav.png" alt="Imagem do terminal do Windows PowerShell com um comando ping para google.com" width="800" height="343"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Voltando aos servidores, um mesmo servidor pode armazenar diversos sites. Isso faz com que nem todos os sites possam ser acessados com o IP do seu servidor. Por isso, os sites são identificados por informações extras, como o cabeçalho do host, para ajudar no seu reconhecimento. Assim, podemos dizer que os servidores podem possuir uma relação de um para muitos: um servidor, com um endereço de IP, servindo a diversos sites.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por esse motivo, sites gigantes, como Facebook e YouTube, possuem uma infraestrutura inteira de datacenter dedicada.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Com isso, sabemos que o acesso à internet costuma ser feito via nomes de domínio e não via IPs. Os endereços de IP correspondentes aos seus nomes de domínio são obtidos através do DNS, que funciona como uma enorme lista de contatos (vinculando nomes e números). Como mencionado anteriormente, isso é gerenciado pelo ISP ou por outras organizações.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Com essas informações em mãos, podemos traçar o passo a passo de um dado quando é feita a sua requisição:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;O usuário acessa o navegador;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Digita o nome de domínio;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Com o endereço de IP, o navegador encaminha a solicitação ao datacenter (para o servidor em questão);&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quando o servidor recebe uma requisição para acessar um site específico, inicia-se o fluxo de dados;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A transferência de dados ocorre em formato digital, através dos cabos de fibra óptica (mais especificamente, em forma de pulsos de luz);&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Esses pulsos de luz eventualmente precisam viajar por milhares de quilômetros, através dos cabos de fibra óptica, para chegar ao seu destino;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Os cabos que transportam a luz (pulsos de luz) são esticados pelo fundo do mar até o seu destino, onde encontram um roteador;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;O roteador converte os pulsos de luz em pulsos elétricos, que chegam ao dispositivo via cabo ethernet.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;p&gt;OBS: Se o dispositivo destinatário for um celular utilizando dados móveis, o sinal do cabo óptico é enviado para uma torre de celular, que envia o sinal para o dispositivo através de ondas eletromagnéticas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F62bze2e11uy0scrvjjpv.png" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F62bze2e11uy0scrvjjpv.png" alt="Imagem de um computador pessoal e um servidor solicitando e devolvendo uma requisição" width="800" height="303"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Fonte: Medium&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sobre os passos descritos acima, uma parte em especial me deixou muito curiosa: como esses cabos de fibra óptica são instalados? Já que eles têm um papel tão importante nessa história, segue um breve resumo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A instalação global de cabos de fibra óptica submarinos é feita por empresas como AT&amp;amp;T e Google, utilizando navios lançadores de cabos especializados. Um arado submarino é cuidadosamente baixado para o leito do mar; rebocado pelo navio, ele corta uma vala e simultaneamente insere o cabo dentro dela, protegendo-o. Esses cabos são altamente robustos, com múltiplas camadas de proteção, e sua instalação é planejada meticulosamente para evitar danos e garantir a conectividade global.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F0rxzyfulgjzijlkhki2a.jpg" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F0rxzyfulgjzijlkhki2a.jpg" alt="Imagem da instalação de um cabo de fibra óptica" width="800" height="457"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Fonte: Honest Cable&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sendo a internet uma rede global, é importante que haja uma organização gerenciadora para atribuir IPs, nomes de domínio, etc. Esta instituição é a ICANN (Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers) e fica localizada em Los Angeles, Estados Unidos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pensando em tudo que foi dito até agora, a eficiência da internet reside na sua forma de transmissão de dados. Há uma complexa operação de infraestrutura ocorrendo por baixo dos panos, para que, através das telas dos dispositivos, a internet pareça mágica. Este texto, por exemplo, é enviado de um datacenter em formato de zeros e uns. Essa eficiência está na maneira como esses zeros e uns são divididos em pequenos pedaços (pacotes) e transmitidos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Esses fluxos de zeros e uns podem ser divididos em pacotes diferentes pelo servidor, em que cada pacote consiste em 6 bits. Junto com os bits do texto, cada pacote também consiste no número de sequência e nos endereços IP do servidor e do dispositivo solicitante.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Faighnpcwyw7owo28bki5.png" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Faighnpcwyw7owo28bki5.png" alt="Imagem de um PC com a frase " width="800" height="800"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Fonte: Gemini&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A partir dessas informações, os pacotes são roteados para o dispositivo, mas não necessariamente todos os pacotes serão roteados pelo mesmo caminho e cada pacote segue de forma independente a melhor rota naquele momento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Funciona como dois motoboys que estão num mesmo restaurante aguardando para levar o lanche para clientes diferentes, mas que moram no mesmo condomínio. Eles podem usar trajetos diferentes, de acordo com o que o Maps ou o Waze indicavam no momento, mas, ainda assim, ambos chegarão ao destino.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Quando os dados chegam ao dispositivo, os pacotes são montados de acordo com o seu número de sequência. Se algum pacote não chegar ao dispositivo, uma confirmação é enviada para que os pacotes perdidos sejam entregues.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F9h1owj8yvgfu978zyvih.jpg" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F9h1owj8yvgfu978zyvih.jpg" alt="Imagem de um quebra cabeça de uma pintura com peças faltando" width="339" height="400"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Fonte: eBay&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Isso segue a mesma linha do episódio de Gilmore Girls em que o Kirk está trabalhando como carteiro e entrega todas as correspondências em endereços errados. No fim, os próprios moradores acabam organizando um esquema para garantir que suas cartas chegassem até eles.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por isso, na internet existem os protocolos (para evitar os Kirks digitais), que são os responsáveis pelo gerenciamento desse complexo fluxo de pacotes de dados. Os protocolos definem as regras para conversão de pacotes de dados, anexação dos endereços de origem e destino para cada pacote e as regras para os roteadores. Podemos pensar nos protocolos como o serviço de correios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para diferentes aplicações, há diferentes protocolos a serem aplicados:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;TCP/IP: transporte e endereçamento de dados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;HTTP/HTTPS: acesso web&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;RTP: lives, streamings, chamadas de voz pela internet (VoIP)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F0aegbk8ku3nf4fvwvdl2.png" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F0aegbk8ku3nf4fvwvdl2.png" alt="Imagem de um carton de um carro de entregas com diversas encomendas" width="800" height="618"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Fonte: Custom Cartoon Gifts&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Este texto, de forma alguma, tem a pretensão de esgotar o assunto ou até mesmo de trazer um panorama detalhado, mas sim, de dar uma visão geral sobre o funcionamento da internet nos bastidores. A ideia é sempre compartilhar conhecimentos, entendendo que conhecimento não é algo fixo, mas uma construção em constante atualização.&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>infrastucture</category>
      <category>internet</category>
      <category>opticalfibercable</category>
      <category>datacenter</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[EN] My journey in cloud computing has just begun ☁️ Join me!</title>
      <dc:creator>Jessica Aline</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 May 2025 00:23:27 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/jessicaalines/en-my-journey-in-cloud-computing-has-just-begun-join-me-5dj0</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/jessicaalines/en-my-journey-in-cloud-computing-has-just-begun-join-me-5dj0</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;📌 This post is also available in Portuguese &lt;a href="https://dev.to/jessicaalines/pt-br-minha-jornada-na-nuvem-comecou-vem-comigo-2018"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h1&gt;
  
  
  Hello, world! I'm Jess and this is the start of my journey in cloud computing ☁️
&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hi, everyone! My name is Jessica. I'm currently studying &lt;strong&gt;Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning&lt;/strong&gt; and working as a &lt;strong&gt;cloud infrastructure intern&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Over the past few months, I’ve been learning a lot about:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Microsoft Azure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cloud computing fundamentals&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Networking, servers, and DNS&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;🔭 On my learning radar for the next few months: Linux and Terraform&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I created this space to &lt;strong&gt;share my learnings&lt;/strong&gt;, mistakes, and discoveries as I explore this exciting technical universe — especially focused on &lt;strong&gt;cloud, infrastructure, and Microsoft technologies&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  💡 What can you expect here?
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;🛠️ Technical and beginner-friendly posts about:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Basic infrastructure concepts&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Azure, Microsoft, and networking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tips for those who are just getting started in tech&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;🔁 All in an accessible and clear language, for people like me who are just starting out but eager to learn every day.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p&gt;If you're also in the field or just want to exchange ideas, follow me here — it’ll be great to share this journey with more people! 😊&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p&gt;✉️ You can also find me on &lt;a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/jessica-aline-soares-oliveira/" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;LinkedIn&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h1&gt;
  
  
  cloud #infrastructure #microsoft #techcareer #womenintech
&lt;/h1&gt;




</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[PT-BR] Minha jornada na nuvem começou ☁️ Vem comigo?</title>
      <dc:creator>Jessica Aline</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 May 2025 00:05:58 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/jessicaalines/pt-br-minha-jornada-na-nuvem-comecou-vem-comigo-2018</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/jessicaalines/pt-br-minha-jornada-na-nuvem-comecou-vem-comigo-2018</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;📌 Este post também está disponível em inglês &lt;a href="https://dev.to/jessicaalines/en-my-journey-in-cloud-computing-has-just-begun-join-me-5dj0"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Oi, pessoal! Me chamo &lt;strong&gt;Jessica&lt;/strong&gt;, sou estudante de &lt;strong&gt;Inteligência Artificial e Machine Learning&lt;/strong&gt; e atualmente estagiária na área de &lt;strong&gt;infraestrutura em nuvem&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;📚 Nos últimos meses, tenho estudado bastante sobre:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Microsoft Azure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fundamentos de cloud computing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Redes, servidores e DNS&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Estudos no radar para os próximos meses: Linux e Terraform&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Criei este espaço para &lt;strong&gt;compartilhar aprendizados&lt;/strong&gt;, erros e descobertas sobre esse universo técnico que venho explorando — especialmente voltado para &lt;strong&gt;cloud, infraestrutura e tecnologias Microsoft&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  💡 O que esperar por aqui?
&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;🛠️ Posts técnicos e introdutórios sobre:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Conceitos básicos de infraestrutura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Azure, Microsoft, Redes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dicas para quem está começando na área&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;🔁 Tudo com linguagem acessível, pra quem (como eu) ainda está começando, mas quer aprender mais todos os dias.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p&gt;Se você também está na área ou quer trocar ideias, me segue por aqui — vai ser ótimo compartilhar essa jornada com mais gente! 😊&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p&gt;✉️ Me encontre também no &lt;a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/jessica-aline-soares-oliveira/" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;LinkedIn&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;h1&gt;
  
  
  cloud #infraestrutura #microsoft #carreiratech #mulheresnatecnologia
&lt;/h1&gt;

</description>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>
