R Programming Quick Tutorial

Shailesh chaudhary — Wed, 30 Oct 2019 09:22:56 +0000

R is a open source free statistical programming language.R is a free software environment for statistical computing and graphics. It compiles and runs on a wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.

Variable in R
There are 3 basic way to declare a variable in R.

1sy way, a=24
2nd way, b <- "Hello"
3rd way, False -> C

Others, Exceptional - c =5L, L-integer

Data Operator in R

Arithmetic: (+, -,*,/,^, %%, %/%) 2.Assignment: (=,->>,<<-) 3.Relational (>,<,==,!=) 4.Logical (&(AND), |(OR), !(NOT)) 5.Special (:(range), %in%(between))

Data Type in R

Vector - sequence of element

exp -
Vrt=(1,2,3,4) or vtr <- (1,2,3,4)
Operation - Indexing, replacing and sort

Lists

Lists are the R object which contain elements of different types. like - number, strings, vectors and another lists.

Exp-
n=c(2,3,4)
s=c("aa","vv")
x=list(n,s, TRUE)

Operations - Merging (List1<-(1,2), List2('hi') merged.list <-c(list1,list2)), Slicing, Indexing

Arrays

Arrays are the R data object which can store data in more than two dimensions.

Exp-

Vector1 <- c(4,6,7)
Vector2 <- c(10,12,13)
result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim=c(2,2,1))

4.Matrices

Matrices are the R object in which the elements are arranged in a 2-d rectangular layout.

-A matrix is created using matrix() function.

matrix(data, nrow, ncol, byrow, dimnames)
data- is the input vector which becomes the data elements of the matrix.
nrow-is the number of the rows to be created.
ncol-is the number of the columns to be created.
byrow- is the logical clue. If TRUE then input vector elements are the arraged by row.
dimname-is the names assigned to rows and columns.

exp-
vrt1 <- c(2,6,14,18,22)
vrt2 <- c(5,7,9,45,36)
mtr <- matrix(c(vtr1, vtr2), 5,5)

5.Factors
Factors are the data objects which are used to categorize the data and store it as levels.

They can store both strings and integers.
They are useful in the data analysis for statistical modeling.

data <- c("East","West","North","North","North","East","West","East")

factor_data <- factor(data)

exp -
vrt1 <- c(2,6,14,18,22)
factvtr <- factor(vrt1)

Data Frames A data frame is a table or a 2-d array-like strucuture in which each column contains values of one variable and each row contains one set of values from each column.

emp_id=c(1:5),
emp_name=c("Richa", "Antima","Priya"),
salary= c(564.3,321.2,675.1),
emp.data <- data.frame(emp_id, emp_name, salary)

Flow Control Statements -:

IF,
x=5
if(x>3){
print("X is greater than 3")
}

IF-ELSE,
x=5
if(x>5){
print("X is greater than 5")
}
else if (x==5){
print("x equal to 5")
}
else{
print("x is not greater than 5")
}

Switch Case:

vtr <- c(150,200,250,300,350,400)
option <- "mean"
switch(option,
"mean"=mean((vtr)),
"mode"=mode((vtr))),
"median"=median((vtr)))
print("value invali")
)

Loops:
x=2
repeat{
x=x^2
print(x)
if(x>100)
break
}

x=2
while(x<1000){
x=x^2
print(x)
}

vtr <- c(7,19, 25,65,45)
for(i in vtr){
print(i)
}
print(vtr)

for(i in 1:15){
if (i%%2)==0){
next
}
print(i)
}

Visualization in R:

Pie Chart

vtr <- c(12,28,11,30,17)
name <- c("R&D","Marketing","Sales","Support")
pie(vtr,name)

Bar Chart: vtr <- c(12,28,11,30,17) name <- c("R&D","Marketing","Sales","Support") barplot(vtr)

3.Boxplot
boxplot(mpg ~cyl, data= mtcars, xlab = "number of Cylinders", ylab= "Miles per Gallon", main = "Mileage data")

Histogram

vtr =(9,1,3,7,8,4,70)
hist(vtr)

Line Graph:
vtr =(9,1,3,7,8,4,70)
plot(vtr, type = "o")
Scatterplot:
vtr1 =(9,1,3,7,8,4,70)
vtr2 =(6,1,3,3,8,0,70)
plot(vtr1, vtr2)

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R Programming Quick Tutorial