DEV Community: Juan Carlos

Aprende a programar con Nim

Juan Carlos — Thu, 11 Mar 2021 14:28:43 +0000

Copipastear

Todos los ejemplos se pueden copiar y pegar para ejecutarlos directamente!

Playground para practicar desde el navegador web.

Hola Mundo

echo sirve para imprimir por la terminal los argumentos

echo "Hola Mundo"

Otro ejemplo

echo 1, true, 2.0, "OwO", false, -9, 0

Comentarios

Los comentarios son texto ignorado por el programa,
es decir el texto en un comentario no existe para la computadora,
usualmente se usa para documentar el codigo para que las personas lo puedan entender mejor.

Comentario es una linea que empieza con #.

# Esto es un comentario
echo "Hola" , " ", "Mundo" # Otro comentario

Tipos Basicos

assert comprueba que el argumento evalua a Verdadero.

is sirve para comprobar el tipo de algo,
se usa de la forma valor is Tipo.

assert 42 is int
assert 3.14 is float
assert true is bool
assert "x" is string
assert 'z' is char

Variables

Las variables se declaran con var, let, const.

var nombre = "valor"

Mas ejemplos:

var a = 42

var
  b = "Para no repetir tanto el 'var' "
  c = "podes agrupar las variables asi"
  d = true

let e = 666 +
  420 *
  42

	Tiempo de Compilacion	Tiempo de Ejecucion	Inmutable	Requiere Asignamiento
`var`	No	Si	No	No
`let`	No	Si	Si	Si
`const`	Si	No	Si	Si

Matematica Basica

Division entera usa el operador div

Modulo usa el operador mod

echo 1 + 2
echo 2 - 1
echo 2 * 2
echo 4 / 2
echo 4 div 2
echo 4 mod 2

Valores Numericos

Puedes usar numeros Binarios, Hexadecimales, Octales, etc.

echo 0b1100  # Binario
echo 0xFFFF  # Hexadecimal
echo 0o777   # Octal

# _ es ignorado, es util para numeros grandes
echo 2_000_000

# Se comprobara que este numero siempre sea Positivo.
echo 0.Positive  # >= 0

# Se comprobara que este numero siempre sea Natural.
echo 1.Natural   # > 0

If Elif Else

Control de flujo con bloques If Elif Else

if 9 > 0:
  echo "Ejemplo"

var condicional = true

if condicional:
  echo 42
else:
  echo 0

Un If Elif Else en una linea es un "Operador Ternario"

var condicional = true

if condicional: echo 42 else: echo 0

Mas ejemplos

var valor = 5

if valor == 0:
  echo "valor es cero"
if valor < 0:
  echo "valor es negativo"
else:
  echo "valor es positivo"

Case Switch

Case Switch es similar a un If Elif Else pero funciona distinto.
Tambien puede tener un else:

var valor = "gato"

case valor
of "perro":
  echo "valor es perro"
of "gato", "gatito":
  echo "valor es gato"
else:
  echo "valor es otro animal"

case switch puede coincidir con multiples condiciones
of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5: en el ejemplo de abajo.

case switch puede usar elif como se observa abajo.

var valor = 42

case valor
of 0:
  echo "valor es cero"
of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5:
  echo "valor esta entre 0 y 5"
of 6..9:
  echo "valor esta entre 6 y 9"
elif valor < 0:
  echo "valor es negativo"
else:
  echo "valor es otro numero"

Bloques

Bloques de codigo con un nuevo Contexto (Scope) se crean con block

let ejemplo = "Afuera del block"

block:
  let ejemplo = "Adentro del block"
  echo ejemplo

echo ejemplo

Tambien puede usarse para evaluar codigo a un valor

let valor = block:
  let a = 1
  let b = 2
  a + b

assert valor == 3

Bloques pueden tener un nombre etiqueta.

Se puede salir explicitamente de un bloque usando break

echo "Afuera del block"

block el_bloque_loco:
  echo "Adentro del block"
  break el_bloque_loco

echo "Afuera del block"

Bucle For

El bucle for sirve para iterar un valor iterable,
para aplicar algun tipo de logica a los items individualmente.

for se puede interrumpir con break tambien.

for i in 5..9:
  echo i
  if i == 7: 
    break

Otro ejemplo

for item in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]:
  if item mod 2 == 0:
    echo "item es par"
  else:
    echo "item es impar"

Bucle While

El bucle while es similar al for,
pero sirve para repetir un bloque de codigo,
siempre y cuando un argumento de condicion booleana sea verdadera.

while se puede interrumpir con break tambien.

var z = 0
while z < 9:
  echo z
  inc z

Leer y Escribir archivos

readFile sirve para leer archivos.

writeFile sirve para escribir archivos.

writeFile("/tmp/ejemplo.txt", "Los datos van aca.")
var contenido = readFile("/tmp/ejemplo.txt")
echo contenido

Leer y Escribir Variables de Entorno

getEnv sirve para leer Variables de Entorno.

putEnv sirve para escribir Variables de Entorno.

import os
putEnv("EXAMPLE", "value")
echo getEnv("EXAMPLE")

Funciones

proc declara una nueva funcion,
los argumentos llevan su tipo y el tipo de retorno va al final.

proc nombre(argumento0: int, argumento1: int): int =
  argumento0 + argumento1

Tambien se puede escribir en una linea

proc nombre(argumento0: int, argumento1: int): int = argumento0 + argumento1

Puede no retornar ningun tipo

proc nombre(argumento0: int, argumento1: int) = 
  echo argumento0 + argumento1

Puede no tomar ningun argumento

proc nombre(): int = 
  return 42

Una funcion sin nombre es una funcion anonima

proc (argumento0: float): float = argumento0 + 1.0

Mas ejemplos

proc saludar() = 
  echo "Hola Mundo"

Funcion que retorna muchas cosas juntas

proc retornaMuchasCosas(): auto =
  result = (clave0: 9, clave1: true, clave2: "texto")

Funcion Flecha (Arrow Functions) esta en el modulo de azucar

import importa modulos de la libreria estandard, o de terceros.

import sugar

let saludar = (argumento: int) => echo "Hola ", argumento

Otro ejemplo, pero sin argumentos

import sugar

let saludar = () => echo "ejemplo"

Arrow Function multi-linea

import sugar

let ejemplo = (c: int) => (
  let a = 1
  let b = 2
  a + b + c)

assert ejemplo(42) == 45

Estructura de Programa

Para darle mas estructura puedes crear una funcion principal main,
no es obligatorio, pero es recomendado.

when es un if pero que se evalua durante la compilacion.

isMainModule es true cuando es el modulo principal que se esta ejecutando.

proc main() =
  echo "Hola Mundo"

when isMainModule:
  main()

Programa de conversion de escalas de Temperatura

proc main(celsius: int) =
  let kelvin = celsius + 273
  let fahrenheit = float(celsius) * 1.8 + 32.0
  echo "Temperatura Celsius: ", celsius
  echo "Temperatura Fahrenheit: ", fahrenheit
  echo "Temperatura Kelvin: ", kelvin

when isMainModule:
  main(celsius = 22)

Base64

base64 sirve para convertir a Base64.

import base64
let datos = encode("Hello World")
assert datos == "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ="

Abrir navegador web

browsers sirve para abrir una direccion web en el navegador web.

import browsers
openDefaultBrowser("https://nim-lang.org")

Busqueda Binaria

algorithm contiene algoritmos comunes, como ser la Busqueda Binaria.

import algorithm
assert binarySearch([0, 1, 2, 3, 4], 4) == 4
assert binarySearch([0, 1, 2, 3, 4], 2) == 2

JSON

json tiene todo lo necesario para manipular datos JSON.

JSON se escribe literal en el codigo,
el operador %* se encarga de "entender" el JSON.

import json

let datos = %*{
  "clave": "valor",
  "otro": 42,
  "ultimo": 2.5
}

assert datos is JsonNode
echo datos.pretty

writeFile("/tmp/ejemplo.json", datos.pretty)
echo parseFile("/tmp/ejemplo.json")

Distancia de Levenshtein

editdistance implementa la Distancia de Levenshtein.

import std/editdistance
assert editdistance("Gatito", "Patito") == 1

Random

random implementa generador de numeros al azar y utilidades de random.

import random
randomize()

let num = rand(99)  # Numero al azar entre 0 y 99
assert num in 0..99

let colores = ["rojo", "verde", "azul"]
let alazar = sample(colores)
assert alazar in colores

HTTP

httpclient tiene un Cliente HTTP.

import httpclient
var cliente = newHttpClient()
echo cliente.getContent("http://nim-lang.org")

Tipos

Puedes crear tus propios tipos usando type.

Los nombres de los tipos deben usar siempre la primer letra en mayuscula.

Este es un tipo vacio sin ningun atributo

type Nombre = object

Este tipo tiene atributos

type Nombre = object
  atributo: string  # Atributo de tipo string
  otro: int         # Atributo de tipo int

Tambien se puede agrupar tipos en un bloque type

type 
  TipoVacio = object

  Nombre = object
    atributo: string  # Atributo de tipo string
    otro: int         # Atributo de tipo int

  Otro = object
    foo: bool         # Atributo de tipo bool

Orientacion a Objetos

Un tipo puede heredar de otro tipo usando object of

Todos los tipos heredan de un tipo raiz,
que es la madre de todos los tipos,
el objeto raiz es RootObj.

En este ejemplo Gatito hereda de Animal,
a su vez Animal hereda de RootObj.

type 
  Animal = ref object of RootObj

  Gatito = ref object of Animal

Metodos en Objetos

Para tener funcionalidades en los objetos se puede darle funciones,
se le otorgan funcionalidad usando self: Objeto,
self: Objeto siempre debe ser el primer argumento.

type 
  Animal = ref object of RootObj
  Gatito = ref object of Animal

proc miau(self: Gatito) =
  echo "Miau Miau"

let gato = Gatito()
gato.miau()

Constructores de Objeto

Para darle valores por defecto a los atributos de algun tipo se puede usar un Constructor,
un constructor es simplemente una funcion que retorna el tipo.

Por convencion usualmente se nombra al constructor como "new+tipo" o "init+tipo",
es decir para el tipo Gatito deberia ser
newGatito() o initGatito()

type 
  Animal = ref object of RootObj
  Gatito = ref object of Animal
    edad: int
    nombre: string

proc newGatito(edad: int, nombre: string): Gatito =
  Gatito(edad: edad, nombre: nombre)

proc miau(self: Gatito) =
  echo "Miau Miau"

let gato = newGatito(edad: 2, nombre: "Bastet")
assert gato.edad == 2
assert gato.nombre == "Bastet"
gato.miau()

Volvamos a darle mas estructura de programa

type 
  Animal = ref object of RootObj
  Gatito = ref object of Animal
    edad: int
    nombre: string

proc newGatito(edad: int, nombre: string): Gatito =
  Gatito(edad: edad, nombre: nombre)

proc miau(self: Gatito) =
  echo "Miau Miau"

proc main(edad: int, nombre: string) =
  let gato = newGatito(edad: edad, nombre: nombre)
  assert gato.edad == 2
  assert gato.nombre == "Bastet"
  gato.miau()

when isMainModule:
  main(edad = 2, nombre = "Bastet")

Colecciones

Colecciones sirven para agrupar valores dentro de un mismo contenedor.

No veremos cada una en detalle por que eso ya es parte de la libreria estandard,
pero aqui esta un resumen rapido de los contenedores:

	Indexado	Indice	Tipos	Capacidad	Longitud
array	Si	`0`	Homogeneo	Estatica	Estatica
set	No	Valor	Homogeneo	Dinamica	Dinamica
seq	Si	`0`	Homogeneo	Dinamica	Dinamica
tabla	No	Clave	Homogeneo	Dinamica	Dinamica
tupla	Si	`0`/Clave	Heterogeneo	Estatica	Estatica
JSON	No	Clave	Heterogeneo	Dinamica	Dinamica
BTrees	No	Clave	Homogeneo	Dinamica	Dinamica
CritBits	No	Clave	Homogeneo	Dinamica	Dinamica

Si necesitas una lista usa seq.
Si necesitas un diccionario mapeado usa table.
Si necesitas tipos mezclados usa JSON.
Si necesitas retornar muchos valores de una funcion usa tuple.

Existen mas contenedores pero esos son los mas comunes.

Existen mas contenedores en paquetes de terceros.

Un contenedor no es mas que un Tipo,
puedes crear tus propios contenedores personalizados.

Frontend

Puede correr el codigo en el navegador web,
hay modulos en la libreria estandard orientados a la web.

Los modulos que solo funcionan para JavaScript,
su nombre comienza con "js",
por ejemplo jsfetch, jsre, jsbigints, etc etc.

Tambien puede correr el codigo en NodeJS,
con paquetes de terceros.

...y en cualquier contexto que tenga un interprete de JavaScript.

Documentacion

Gracias por leer

👑

Rock, Paper, Scissors on 1 Tweet

Juan Carlos — Mon, 30 Nov 2020 01:42:15 +0000

This is my "Rock, Paper and Scissors" Game on 1 Tweet.

import random

randomize()
echo "Rock r\nPaper p\nScissor s"

let
  o = ["rock", "paper", "scissor"]
  pc = rand 0 .. 2
  us = case stdin.readLine[0]
    of 'r': 0
    of 'p': 1
    else:   2

echo "\nPC\tYou\tWinner\n", o[pc], '\t', o[us], '\t', case (3 + pc.ord - us.ord) mod 3
  of 1: "PC"
  of 2: "You"
  else: "No"

How to run the code:

$ nim r file.nim

Rock    r
Paper   p
Scissor s

p

PC      You     Winner
paper   paper   No

$

Keys:

Rock = r
Paper = p
Scissors = s

It is not even too code-golfed, because we can remove the line import random by compiling with --import:random.

We can remove the randomize() but then we need to recompile to make the PC choose another option, so is not a good idea.

// Detect dark theme var iframe = document.getElementById('tweet-1333221690554396672-252'); if (document.body.className.includes('dark-theme')) { iframe.src = "https://platform.twitter.com/embed/Tweet.html?id=1333221690554396672&theme=dark" }

It uses the random module from standard library:
https://nim-lang.github.io/Nim/random.html

case switch from from standard library:
https://nim-lang.github.io/Nim/manual.html#statements-and-expressions-case-statement

readLine to read a line from standard input:
https://nim-lang.github.io/Nim/io.html#readLine%2CFile

How your Rock, Paper and Scissors game looks like?

Thank you for reading

Come learn programming with us...
👑

Exotic Features of Python3

Juan Carlos — Fri, 30 Oct 2020 15:35:33 +0000

Python

import sys, math 

assert False ** False == 1

assert False == False in [False]

assert type(1 ** 1) != type(1 ** -1)

# print(f"""{ "yep\nope" }""")  # ERROR?

assert round(0.5) == 0.0
assert round(1.5) == 2.0
assert round(2.5) == 2.0

y = (1 << 53) + 1
assert y + 1.0 < y

o = []
for i in range(99999): o.append(False)
assert sys.getsizeof(o) == 824456 or sys.getsizeof(o) == 824472
assert sys.getsizeof(False) == 24

x = []
x.append(x)
assert x[0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0] == x
assert x[-1][-1][-1][-1][-1][-1][-1][-1] == x

#anon = lambda x:          ERROR?   
#           if x > 0:
#               return 1
#           else: 
#               return 0

Nim

import math, strformat

assert not compiles(false ^ false == 1)

assert not(false == false in [false])

assert type(1 ^ 1) is type(1 ^ -1)

echo fmt"""{ "yep\nope" }"""

assert round(0.5) == 1.0
assert round(1.5) == 2.0
assert round(2.5) == 3.0

var y = (1 shl 53) + 1
assert not compiles(y + 1.0 < y)

var o: seq[bool]
for i in 0..99999: o.add false
assert sizeOf(o) == 8
assert sizeOf(false) == 1

var x: seq[int]
x.add(x)
assert not compiles(x[0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0] == x)
assert not compiles(x[^1][^1][^1][^1][^1][^1][^1][^1] == x)

var anon = (func (x: int): int =
             if x > 0:
               return 1
             else: 
               return 0
           )

Some occasional weird "exotic features" found in the wild.

Code here is reduced to the minimal that still reproduces the bug,
but sometimes finding it on big code bases is not easy.

The examples use Python 3.8 and Nim 1.4,
because I was migrating source code from Python to Nim.

For Python

Nim can be used to do Python, is an alternative to Cython,
but with more Pythonic syntax, and more features.

Nim builtin features:

Write easy as Python, runs fast as Rust.
Runs on Backend and Frontend.
No GIL, no virtual machine.
Automatic deterministic memory management with No Garbage Collector.
Strong inferred static typing, no hints required.
Complete online HTML documentation with search.
No Dependencies, no need to setup virtual environment.
Side-effects free functions.
Multi-line multi-expression fast anonymous functions.
Arrow functions.
Immutability.
UFCS.
Documentation generator with Markdown/RST doc comments.
Unittests runner, inline runnable example unittests.
Package manager.
Code style formatter.
App installer generator.
"import" C/C++/JavaScript libraries.
Runs on Arduino and Raspberry Pi.
Proof engine with preconditions and postconditions (Ada like).
Tiny native binaries, fast compilation.
Easy to learn for Python/Ruby/D/Go developers.
Not too verbose, similar to Python on verbosity.

Learn more

Nim for Python Developers.

Thank you for reading

There's bridged Gitter, Matrix, Telegram, IRC, Discord for Nim, come say Hello.

Telegram en Español.
👑

Figma to WebAssembly WebGL, a click away today

Juan Carlos — Sun, 21 Jun 2020 20:26:00 +0000

Fidget

Figma Plugin

The Fidget plugin is Published, it should appear on the Plugins list soon, is waiting for final approval.

Get started today

treeform / fidget

Figma based UI library for nim, with HTML and OpenGL backends.

👏 👏 👏 Check out video about the library: Fidget: Let's rethink UI development with Nim (NimConf 2020) 👏 👏 👏

⚠️ WARNING: This library is still in heavy development. ⚠️

Fidget - A cross platform UI library for nim

nimble install fidget

API reference

About

Fidget aims to provide performant natively compiled cross platform UIs for any platform - Web with HTML5, Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS and Android with OpenGL.

Fidget leverages Figma - an app that is taking the design world by storm. It does this by providing a Figma Plugin to export directly to fidget code! No more counting stupid pixels, no more CSS puzzles. Want to change some spaces? Change it in Figma and export.

Fidget uses plain nim-procs, nim-templates, if-statements and for-loops. As well as providing only minimal primitives found in Figma.

Example:

Design done by Kate von Houck. Available for hire.

See code…

View on GitHub

Hello World

Hello World on the Browser:

console.log("Hello World")

Hello World on the Backend:

echo "Hello World"

Thank you for playing

There's bridged Gitter, Matrix, Telegram, IRC, Discord for Nim, come say Hi.

Telegram en Español. Discord en Español.

PLZ a new PIP

Juan Carlos — Fri, 27 Mar 2020 20:56:25 +0000

PLZ is a PIP Alternative designed for Dockers, Alpines, Vagrants, and containers.

Features

1 Megabyte, 1 file, 0 Dependencies, ~500 Lines of code.
Documentation Generator with Markdown to HTML & PDF
No Garbage Collector (Rust-like memory management).
Single file, it can even delete itself after use.
Install, uninstall, reinstall, download, upload to PyPI, etc.
Checks GPG if package has it, checks SHA sum for all packages.
Designed for Docker or Alpine usage.
Inferred Strong Static Typing with Z3 Theorem Prover.
Immutable programming, No Global Mutable State.
The only PIP alternative in the world that just works even with Python/Virtualenv completely broken. Can fix a broken PIP.
Machine code performance, as fast as optimized C.
High performance with low resources (RPi, VPS, cloud, old pc, etc).
No Installs, no setups, just copy & paste and run.
Colored output on the Terminal.
Project skeleton creator to create your own new Python projects.
Wont save any passwords, databases, keys, secrets, to disk nor Internet.
No temporary folders nor files.
Not meant as a drop-in replacement for anything pre-existing.
Tiny single file source code (not counting string constants).
Works fully isolated, self-contained standalone application.
It does NOT depend on pip (Not a pip wrapper).
GitHub Actions CI Builds every commit from zero.

Use

$ plz install pre-commit   # Install 1 or more packages
$ plz uninstall pre-commit # Uninstall 1 or more packages
$ plz reinstall pre-commit # Reinstall 1 or more packages
$ plz download pre-commit  # Download 1 or more packages
$ plz hash file.py         # Show SHA CheckSum of file/package
$ plz open file.py         # Open a module in your default code editor
$ plz backup /folder/      # Compressed backup of file/package with SHA Checksum
$ plz init                 # New Python project template (Interactive)
$ plz stats                # PyPI official service status report
$ plz newpackages          # List all the new Packages uploaded to PyPI recently
$ plz lastupdates          # List all existing Packages updated on PyPI recently
$ plz lastjobs             # List all new Job Posts updated on Python recently
$ plz userpackages         # List all existing Packages by User (Interactive)
$ plz latestversion        # Show the Latest Version of a PYPI Package (SemVer)
$ plz forceInstallPip      # Force install PIP on arbitrary folder (get-pip.py)
$ plz doc file.md          # Markdown/ReSTructuredText to HTML  (MD/RST can be mixed).
$ plz doc2latex file.md    # Markdown/ReSTructuredText to Latex (MD/RST can be mixed).
$ plz doc2json file.md     # Markdown/ReSTructuredText to JSON  (MD/RST can be mixed).
$ plz upload packg-1.0.zip # Similar to "twine upload" (Interactive,asks user,wont need Twine).
$
$ plz --enUsUtf8           # Force Encoding to UTF-8 and Language to English
$ plz --cleanpyc           # Clean all __pycache__ and *.pyc
$ plz --cleanpypackages    # Clean all __pypackages__
$ plz --cleantemp          # Clean all temporary folder.
$ plz --cleanpipcache      # Clean all PIP Cache folder.
$ plz --cleanvenvs         # Clean Virtualenvs (interactive, asks Y/N 1-by-1).
$ plz --publicip           # Show your Public IP Address (Internet connectivity check).
$ plz --log=file.log       # Full path to a verbose local log file.
$ plz --backuplogs         # Compress old PLZ Logs at exit, to save disk resources.
$ plz --putenv:key=val     # Set an environment variable "KEY=Value", can be repeated.
$ plz --nice20             # Runs with "nice = 20" (CPU Priority, smooth priority).
$ plz --suicide            # Deletes itself permanently and exit (single file app).
$ plz --dump               # Show system info JSON and quit (for Developers and Bug Reporting).
$ plz --version            # Show Version
$ plz --help               # Show Help

Example

$ plz install bottle

2020-03-27T17:04:52-03:00, PID is 419469, 1 packages to download and install ["bottle"]
Generate Install Script? (y/N): n

bottle  0.12.18
https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d9/4f/57887a07944140dae0d039d8bc270c249fc7fc4a00744effd73ae2cde0a9/bottle-0.12.18.tar.gz
71557 Bytes total (compressed)
SHA256 (bottle-0.12.18.tar.gz) = 0819b74b145a7def225c0e83b16a4d5711fde751cd92bae467a69efce720f69e
https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d9/4f/57887a07944140dae0d039d8bc270c249fc7fc4a00744effd73ae2cde0a9/bottle-0.12.18.tar.gz.asc 
HTTP-404? (Package without PGP Signature)

x bottle-0.12.18/bottle.egg-info/PKG-INFO
x bottle-0.12.18/bottle.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
x bottle-0.12.18/bottle.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
x bottle-0.12.18/bottle.egg-info/top_level.txt
x bottle-0.12.18/MANIFEST.in
x bottle-0.12.18/README.rst
x bottle-0.12.18/bottle.py
x bottle-0.12.18/setup.py
x bottle-0.12.18/PKG-INFO
x bottle-0.12.18/setup.cfg

2020-03-27T17:04:55-03:00 0 Failed, 1 Success on 1 second, 887 milliseconds, 565 microseconds, and 957 nanoseconds to download+install 1 packages

$
$ plz init

New Python project name?: example
Generate optional Unitests on ./tests (y/N): y
Generate optional Documentation on ./docs (y/N): y
Generate optional Examples on ./examples (y/N): y
Generate optional DevOps on ./devops (y/N): y
Generate optional GitHub files on .github (y/N): y
Generate .gitignore file (y/N): y
Generate optional files (y/N): y
Use Markdown(MD) instead of ReSTructuredText(RST)  (y/N): y

Created a new Python project skeleton, happy hacking, bye...

$ ls example/
AUTHORS.md  CHANGELOG.md  CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md  CONTRIBUTING.md  devops  docs examples
LICENSE.md  Makefile  MANIFEST.in  README.md  requirements.txt  setup.cfg  setup.py  tests

$ echo "Hello **World**" > example.md
$ plz doc example.md 
Hello <strong>World</strong>

$ cat example.html
Hello <strong>World</strong>

$ plz doc2latex example.md
Hello \textbf{World}

$ cat example.tex
Hello \textbf{World}

$ plz --dump
{
  "hostCPU": "amd64",
  "hostOS": "linux",
  "cpuEndian": "littleEndian",
  "getTempDir": "/tmp/",
  "now": "2020-03-27T17:40:00-03:00",
  "getFreeMem": 151552,
  "getTotalMem": 528384,
  "getOccupiedMem": 267376,
  "countProcessors": 8,
  "arch": "x86_64",
  "ssd": true,
  "FileSystemCaseSensitive": true,
  "git": "2.25.1",
  "node": "v13.9.0",
  "python": "3.8.1"
}

$ plz --suicide  # Good bye world :(
true

$ plz
Command not found: plz

Output, messages and other stuff may change in the future.

Star PLZ on GitHub

We re-implemented PIP on ~500 lines of code, it deserves a Star ?.

https://github.com/juancarlospaco/plz

👑

Discord Bot on 1 Tweet

Juan Carlos — Wed, 29 Jan 2020 14:35:49 +0000

Juan_Carlos

@juancarlospaco

import asyncdispatch,discordnim
let bot=newShard"Bot KEY"
proc f(b:Shard,m:MessageCreate)=
discard b.channelMessageSend(m.channel_id,m.content)
discard bot.addHandler(EventType.message_create,f)
waitFor bot.startSession()

# @discordapp Async Bot,1Tweet @nim_lang👑

13:27 PM - 29 Jan 2020

import asyncdispatch, discordnim

let bot = newShard("Bot KEY")  # KEY is a valid Discord "Token" Key

proc f(b: Shard, m: MessageCreate) =  # Async Event Handler 
  discard b.channelMessageSend(m.channel_id, m.content)

discard bot.addHandler(EventType.message_create, f) # Hook Handler

waitFor bot.startSession()  # Run Bot

Ideally you need to add asyncCheck instead of discard, and a disconnect() at exit for the bot, but basically is a working async chat bot!.

import asyncdispatch, os, discordnim

let bot = newShard("Bot " & getEnv("DISCORD_TOKEN"))  # DISCORD_TOKEN is a valid Discord "Token" Key

proc callback(bot: Shard, mesage: MessageCreate) =  
  ## Async Event Handler 
  if mesage.author.id != bot.cache.me.id: # Bot wont reply itself
    echo mesage.content
    case mesage.content # case switch on message content
    of "!help":         # message content is "!help"
      asyncCheck bot.channelMessageSend(mesage.channel_id, "Some help")
    of "!ping":         # message content is "!ping"
      asyncCheck bot.channelMessageSend(mesage.channel_id, "pong")
    else:               # message content is something else                 
      asyncCheck b.channelMessageSend(mesage.channel_id, mesage.content)


discard bot.addHandler(EventType.message_create, callback) # Hook Handler


when isMainModule:
  try:
    echo "Starting Discord Bot"
    waitFor bot.startSession() # Run Bot
  finally:
    echo "Stopping Discord Bot"
    waitFor bot.disconnect()   # Stop Bot

Discordnim

The objects and API are on the discordnim lib.

Krognol / discordnim

Discord library for nim

Discordnim

A Discord library for Nim.

Websockets from niv/websocket.nim

Installing

This assumes that you have your Nim environment (including Nimble) already set up, and that your Nim version is 1.0.4 or greater You can check your version with nim --version

nim -v
Nim Compiler Version 1.1.1 [Linux: amd64]
Compiled at 2020-01-08
Copyright (c) 2006-2019 by Andreas Rumpf
active boot switches: -d:release

nimble install discordnim

Usage

There are some examples in the examples folder.

Initialising a Shard:

when isMainModule
    import asyncdispatch, discordnim, ospaths

    proc messageCreate(s: Shard, m: MessageCreate) =
        if s.cache.me.id == m.author.id: return
        if m.content == "ping":
            asyncCheck s.channelMessageSend(m.channel_id, "pong")

    let d = newShard("Bot " & getEnv("token")) // get token in environment variables

    proc endSession() {.noconv.} =
        waitFor d.disconnect()

    setControlCHook(endSession)
    d.compress = true
    let removeProc = d.addHandler(EventType

…

View on GitHub

Social

Say Hi on the bridged Gitter, Matrix, Telegram, IRC, Discord.
Si hablas Espanol te esperamos en el Chat.

Nim for TypeScript Devs

Juan Carlos — Wed, 01 Jan 2020 21:12:03 +0000

Feature	TypeScript	Nim
Execution model	JavaScript code (Compiler)	JavaScript code (Compiler)
Written using	TypeScript	Nim
License	Apache	MIT
Version (Mayor)	`3.x`	`1.x`
Typing	Static	Static
Meta-programming	❎ #issue-13252, Decorators are limited	✔️ template, macro
int8/16/32/64 types	❎	✔️
float32/float64 types	❎	✔️
Char types	❎	✔️
Subrange types	❎ #issue-225324972	✔️
JSON types	❎ #issue-56296923	✔️
Regex types	❎ #issue-128264906	✔️
Option types	❎	✔️
Dependent types	❎	✔️
Operator Overloading	❎	✔️
Custom Operators	❎	✔️
Enum types	✔️	✔️
Immutability	Limited, `readonly` keyword	✔️
Function Arguments Immutability	Mutable	Immutable
Full DOM API	✔️	✔️
NodeJS integration	✔️	✔️
Generics	✔️	✔️
Type inference	✔️	✔️
Closures	✔️	✔️
Object-Oriented	✔️	✔️
Methods	✔️	✔️
Exceptions	✔️	✔️
Anonymous Functions	✔️	✔️
Arrow Functions	✔️	✔️
Array Comprehensions	✔️	✔️
Formatted String Literals	✔️	✔️
FFI	✔️ JS only	✔️ C/C++/JS
Async	✔️	✔️
Regex	✔️	✔️
Self-Documentation comments	✔️	✔️
Package Publishing	✔️	✔️
Package Manager	✔️	✔️
Code AutoFormatter	✔️ via NPM	✔️ Nimpretty
Syntax similar to	JavaScript	CoffeeScript or Python

Variables

Creating a new variable uses var or let or const.
Nim has immutability and compile-time function execution.
You can assign functions to variables.

const is different from TypeScript by being truly immutable.

Declaration	Compile-Time	Run-Time	Immutable	Requires Assignment
`var`	❎	✔️	❎	❎
`let`	❎	✔️	✔️	✔️
`const`	✔️	❎	✔️	✔️

Compile-Time Function Execution

Nim has Compile-Time Function Execution that allows you to run Backend-like code at compile-time and use it on Frontend at run-time.
Compile-time FFI is also possible, you can pull data from C/C++ libs at compile-time and use it on Frontend at run-time.
Most code that works at compile-time and NimScript also tends to work for Frontend.

Example: Compile-time recursive file system walk module.

Svelte

Nim has some similarities with Svelte for Frontend, but at the time of writing Svelte does not fully supports TypeScript.
Svelte can not do Backend (is not designed to).

Build Modes

Feature	Release Build	Debug Build
Speed	Fast	Slow
File Size	Small	Big
Optimized	✔️	❎
Tracebacks	❎	✔️
Run-time checks	❎	✔️
Compile-time checks	✔️	✔️
`assert`	❎	✔️
`doAssert`	✔️	✔️

Once compiled it wont need Nim anymore, 100% dependency-free.

Hello World

echo "Hello World"

Console Hello World:

console.log("Hello World")

Thank you for playing

There's bridged Gitter, Matrix, Telegram, IRC, Discord for Nim, come say Hi.

Nim Homepage
Learn Nim today.
Grupo de Telegram en Español.

👑

Faster Than Requests with Multi-Thread URL-to-SQLite Web Scraper

Juan Carlos — Tue, 24 Dec 2019 03:29:23 +0000

Faster Than Requests 0.9.6 🐍

✔️ 5 Web Scrapers, Built-in, One-Liner.
✔️ Multi-Threading mass Downloader.
✔️ GitHub Actions build from scratch on every Push.
✔️ GitHub Actions publish to PYPI on every Release.
✔️ Basic get(), post(), download(), etc.
✔️ Multi-Part data for all POST functions.
✔️ Complete documentation with examples.
✔️ Works on Alpine Linux and Dockers.
✔️ CI, PyPI, Docker, Tests, Fixes, etc.
✔️ 0 Dependency, Python 3.9 ready, native bare-metal C performance.

Multi-Threading Web Scraper

threads = True Multi-Threading, threads = False no Threads.

URL-to-SQLite Web Scraper, give it 1 URL, gives back 1 SQLite database

SQLite database can be visualized with any SQLite WYSIWYG, like https://sqlitebrowser.org
HTTP Headers are stored as Pretty-Printed JSON.
Date and Time are stored as Unix Timestamps.

Images and Photos Web Scraper

Can get the images from the new HTML5 <picture> element.

Gimme tha powah

https://github.com/juancarlospaco/faster-than-requests#extras-go-beyond-requests

Star faster_than_requests on GitHub!, awesome stuff incoming...

👑

C++ as Assembly2.0

Juan Carlos — Wed, 18 Dec 2019 08:22:54 +0000

Nim is strong statically typed systems and applications programming language which offers some of the most powerful meta-programming capabilities.

Nim is the next iteration of imperative language design and aims to dethrone C/C++ for high performance coding.

Nim is also perfectly suited for software typically written in C#, Java, JavaScript, etc. - basically all types of software.

Nim can bridge the gap between business logic and high performance, sprinkling improved developer productivity on top.

Nim is compiled to C/C++ (and JavaScript among others),
and thus interoperability is straightforward and without any performance penalties,
lots of existing C/C++ software can be reused and built upon.

Remember to follow the dedicated Dev tag!: https://dev.to/t/nim

👑

12v fan to 220v fan

Juan Carlos — Sun, 15 Dec 2019 07:44:51 +0000

Spanish only post, sorry.

Desde hace tiempo tenia ganas de reemplazar los ventiladores "gamer" originales de 12 volts DC de la PC Desktop,
pero pense en probar reemplazarlos con ventiladores nuevos pero de 220 volts AC,
para liberar un poco de capacidad y conectores de la fuente,
por que los originales hacen ruido y giran lento o recalientan en verano.

Yo desarme ventiladores "gamer" caros y baratos de CPU/GPU,
note que realmente el motor es el mismo, no es mas grande ni nada,
solo que el ventilador caro tiene mejor plastico y terminacion,
es trasparente y con leds de colores, pero basicamente el motor es el mismo,
estas pagando extra por decoracion, lo unico que mueve aire es el motor.

Compre 2 fan de 220 volts nuevos en una casa de electronica de Buenos Aires,
son mas baratos que los "gamer", son de aluminio en lugar de plastico,
son mas feos pues solo vienen color negro los de plastico vienen con leds,
usa rulemanes en lugar de bujes, los cables son mucho mas finos (1mm),
consumen menos electricidad (mas voltage necesita menos amperaje),
vienen en medida similar a los originales, inclusive use los mismos tornillos, 1 de 120mm para GPU (nVidia), 1 de 60mm para CPU (AMD).
Lo que mas calienta hoy dia es la placa de video igualmente.

La parte electrica simplemente la conecte a la ficha de 220 volts de la fuente directamente,
con el cable finito que vino con el ventilador, la fuente tiene una tecla de apagado igualmente.

Realmente no llevaron muchas mas adaptaciones que eso,
son practicamente iguales a los ventiladores anteriores originales.

El centro donde esta el motor del ventilador es mas gordito,
pero las aspas del ventilador son mas anchas y mueven mucho mas aire.

El motor esta electricamente aislado del cuerpo de aluminio del ventilador.
Guarde los ventiladores originales en una cajita.

La temperatura es igual o 6 grados mas que la temperatura ambiente.
Considero la adaptacion exitosa y relativamente sencilla,
me gusta hacer hardware experimental DIY.
Dont do this at home, blah, blah, blah. :)
Les dejo unas fotos que tome con el movil.

Resultado final

Faster Than Requests with MultiThread Web Scraper

Juan Carlos — Wed, 20 Nov 2019 22:15:52 +0000

Alternative HTTP Client, new version 0.9, API for Humans.
Added Multi-Thread web scraper Built-in one-liner.
Added Multi-Thread file downloader Built-in one-liner.
1 file, 0 dependency, ~100 Lines of code, 2.7 to 3.8, Alpine & ARM.
GitHub Actions CI building from scratch.
GitHub Actions CI running Unittests from scratch.
Examples for web scraper and file downloader.
Extras for Data Science, Web Scrapping, HTTP REST JSON APIs.
Examples, Dockerfile, tests, FAQ, CoC, Debug helpers, JSON helpers.
Docs has all functions with detailed arguments and returns with types.

Library	Speed	Files	LOC	Dependency	Devs	Scraper
PyWGET	`152.39`	1	338	Wget	>17	No
Requests	`15.58`	>20	2558	>=7	>527	No
Urllib	`4.00`	???	1200	0(std lib)	???	No
Urllib3	`3.55`	>40	5242	>5(SSL)	>188	No
PyCurl	`0.75`	>15	5932	Curl,LibCurl	>50	No
FTR	`0.45`	1	99	0	1	Yes, 2

Hello World

requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get")

GET, POST, PATCH, PUT, DELETE and more.

Multi-Thread Web Scraper Built-in

requests.scrapper(["http://example.org", "http://example.io"], threads=True)

Theres 2 ready-made Web Scrapers built-in, easy to use one-liner.

Multi-Thread File Downloader Built-in

requests.download2([("http://example.org/foo.jpg", "output.jpg"), ], threads=True)

delay=1000 for 1 Second delay sleep between downloads.

Multi-Thread Bulk GET

requests.get2str2(["http://example.org", "http://example.io"], threads=True)

threads=False for No Multi-Thread.

GitHub

https://github.com/juancarlospaco/faster-than-requests#faster-than-requests

🐍😼👍

Ode to Nimpy

Juan Carlos — Sat, 16 Nov 2019 17:49:46 +0000

The Nim experience

So far...

When PIP3 got broken on Arch Linux,
lots of Python modules got broken,
my Nim Nimpy Python modules continue working.

When Python3 become default on most Linux,
lots of Python modules got broken,
my Nimpy Python modules continue working.

When "ABI3" of Python3 launched,
some Python modules got broken,
my Nimpy Python modules continue working.

When Python3.8 become default on Linux,
lots of Python modules got broken,
my Nimpy Python modules continue working.

"Deprecation Warning" for a year on Nimpy,
my Nimpy Python modules continue working.

"Experimental" features for a year on Nimpy,
my Nimpy Python modules continue working.

If Nimble get broken someday, just use Git or Curl,
Install packages is copy&paste a file.

My Nimpy Python modules are faster than PyPy,
the most super-optimized Python3.8 code is several orders of magnitude slower than the crappiest unoptimized equivalent on Nim.

Most times I use a lot less lines of code than CPython, without code-golf,
it is not only about more performance but also it uses less code.

C interop is a lot better than CTypes, JavaScript too,
you can interoperate with anything that has C/C++ or JS API.

I write a lot less Type Annotations thanks to Type Inference,
but yet Types are strongly enforced,
variables are not None out of thin air, integers are not float out of thin air.

Deploy

Deploy anywhere where you can compile C:

scp the binary to the server & run!, forget installers and prepared environments, those are kludges of the past.

You can learn today

Hello World:

echo "Hello World"

For Python:

import nimpy

proc hello() {.exportpy.} =
  echo "Hello World"

{.exportpy.} is a Pragma to export to Python, is like a Decorator.
proc is like def of Python, it also has func for Pure-Functional.
You can use Python Syntax, but for this example I go with std lib.

On Python:

from module import hello
hello()

Install, Tutorial, Documentation, Manual, Docker, Chat, Try Nim on the browser, Nim for Python devs, Standard Library, Python integration, Python Syntax, Python/Nim Cheatsheet.

Advanced Nimpy Example:

Go give Star to Nimpy: https://github.com/yglukhov/nimpy

Welcome to the Nim

50 years on the past you can compile C,
100 years on the future you can compile C.
Dennis Ritchie was right.
👑🥰👍

DEV Community: Juan Carlos

Aprende a programar con Nim

Copipastear

Hola Mundo

Comentarios

Tipos Basicos

Variables

Matematica Basica

Valores Numericos

If Elif Else

Case Switch

Bloques

Bucle For

Bucle While

Leer y Escribir archivos

Leer y Escribir Variables de Entorno

Funciones

Estructura de Programa

Base64

Abrir navegador web

Busqueda Binaria

JSON

Distancia de Levenshtein

Random

HTTP

Tipos

Orientacion a Objetos

Metodos en Objetos

Constructores de Objeto

Colecciones

Frontend

Documentacion

Gracias por leer

Rock, Paper, Scissors on 1 Tweet

Thank you for reading

Exotic Features of Python3

Python

Nim

For Python

Nim builtin features:

Learn more

Thank you for reading

Figma to WebAssembly WebGL, a click away today

Fidget

Figma Plugin

Get started today

treeform / fidget

Figma based UI library for nim, with HTML and OpenGL backends.

Fidget - A cross platform UI library for nim

About

Example:

Hello World

Thank you for playing

PLZ a new PIP

Features

Use

Example

Star PLZ on GitHub

https://github.com/juancarlospaco/plz

Discord Bot on 1 Tweet

Discordnim

Krognol / discordnim

Discord library for nim

Discordnim

Installing

Usage

Social

Nim for TypeScript Devs

Variables

Compile-Time Function Execution

Svelte

Build Modes

Hello World

Thank you for playing

Faster Than Requests with Multi-Thread URL-to-SQLite Web Scraper

Faster Than Requests 0.9.6 🐍

Multi-Threading Web Scraper

URL-to-SQLite Web Scraper, give it 1 URL, gives back 1 SQLite database

Images and Photos Web Scraper

Gimme tha powah