SELENIUM

Kasi Visvanathan — Sat, 29 Aug 2026 02:47:04 +0000

WHAT IS SELENIUM

                    SELENIUM IS AN OPEN SOURCE TESTING TOOL FOR BROWSERS.

IT ALLOWS TESTERS TO WRITE SCRIPS TO OPEN BROWSER
NAVIGATE TO WEBSITES

3.CLICK LINKS AND BUTTONS

4.SELECT OPTIONS

5.VERIFY USES OF WEB PAGE

6.CHECKS IT'S FUNCTIONALITY

7.PERFORM END-TO-END TESTING

SELENIUM WITH PYTHON :
WHEN WERE USING SELENIUM TOOL WITH PYTHON THE MOST COMMONLY USED IS SELENIUM WEBDRIVER

EXAMPLE


              `from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get("https://Google.com")

print(driver.title)

driver.quit()`

IMPORTANT SELENIUM COMPONENTS

COMPONENTS ## PURPOSE

WEBDRIVER CONTROLS THE BROWSER

LOCATER FIND ELEMENTS ON THE WEB PAGE

Xpath IDENTIFIES ELEMENTS USING PATHS/EXPRESSION

CSS SELECTOR FINDS ELEMENTS USING CSS PATTERNS

WEB ELEMENTS REPRESENTS AN ELEMENT ON WEB PAGE

WAITS WAITS FOR ELEMENTS/PAGES BECOME READY

SELENIUM SUPPORTS MULTIPLE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES LIKE

              1.PYTHON

              2.JAVA

              3.C#

              4.JAVASCRIPT

              5.RUBY

              6.KOTLIN

WHY DO WE USE SELENIUM FOR AUTOMATION

                                     1.IT IS FREE TO USE

                                     2.IT IS OPENSOURCE

                                     3.SELENIUM CAN PERFORM SANE TEST STEPS REPETITIVELY

                                     4.AUTOMATED TEST RUN FASTER THAN MANUAL TESTING

                                     5.REDUCING HUMAN ERROR

                                     6.IT CAN ONLY TESTS WEB PAGES

                                     7.IT CAN ITERACT WITH BUTTONS,TEXT BOXES,LINKS AND DROPDOWNS

                                     8.IT CAN SUPPORTS MULTIPLE BROWSERS LIKE CHROME,EDGE,FIRE FOX AND SAFARI.

                                     9.IT SUPPORTS CROSS PLATFORM TESTING LIKE WINDOWS,macOS AND LINUX

                                     10.WORKS WELL WITH TESTING FRAME WORKS LIKE PYTEST IN PYTHON

                                     11.USEFULL FOR REGRESSION TESTING IT CAN QUICKLY CHECKS NEW CHANGES AFFECTS EXISTING FUNCTIONALITY

WHAT IS THE RELEVENCE OF SELENIUM IN AUTOMATION TESTING USING PYTHON

PYTHON + SELENIUM CAN AUTOMATICALLY OPENS WEBSITES AND INTERACT AS USER

2.IT CAN PERFORM ACTIONS LIKE CLICK,TYPE,SELECT AND VERIFY

3.REPETITIVE TEST CASSES CAN BE AUTOMATED

4.AUTOMATED TESTS CAN SAVE US MORE TIME AND EFFICIENT

5.TESTS CAN BE PERFORMED THROUGH MULTIPLE BROWSERS LIKE CHRONE , EDGE ,FIRE FOX AND SAFARI

6.SELENIUM CAN LOCATE ELEMENTS USING ID, NAME, NAME CLASS, CSS SELECTOR,XPATH AND MORE

7.SELENIUM CAN BE COMBINED WITH PYTST TO CREATE STRUCTURED AND MAINTAINED TEST SUITES

8.SUPPORTS REGRESSION TESTING

9.SELENIUM 4 IS BASED ON W3C PROTOCOL

MANUAL TESTING

Kasi Visvanathan — Sun, 07 Dec 2025 11:57:22 +0000

First of all what is manual testing it is executing software tests without automated tools . In this manual testers act as a end users like normal consumer and they are checking the products quality and there are no errors in that specified product that will meet the requirment,expected by the consumers, in this method we are believe on the human intuition. Manual testing is used to determine the defects, bugs, glitches causing the products, They will find the defects to ensure the quality of the products if there anything wrong testers will give the reports to the development team for remediation.

In this method there is no automated tools are used it is fully depends on humans perspective, this process is also called as quality control QC this process was conducted after the development before release of the product testers will test the products for the quality of the product.

   In manual testing testers compare the expected results and actual results to ensure the products performance if anything else found that is any defects on the product testers send reports to developer team for defect fixxes.

COMMON MANUAL TESTING TECHNIQUES

  In manual testing there are some common techniques out there they are

1.BLACK BOX TESTING
2.WHITE BOX TESTING
3.EXPLORATORY TETING
4.REGRESSION TESTING
5.USABILITY TESTING
6.COMPATIBILITY TESTING
7.SMOKE TESTING

BLACK BOX TESTING :
In Black box testing the function of the program was tested without looking internal structure or code tester consider the inputs and outputs to verify the QC in this method testers act as a end users point of view.

WHITE BOX TESTING :
In White box testing we are testing the internal structure of the software internal components codes, this test was also done by developers but also tested by manually by the testers for verify
the software not affect internally on core.

EXPLORATORY TESTING :
In this testing testers learn about the software repeatedly, making the test designs run them without pre defined execution this will help ensure the unexpected issues that might missed in pre planned testing execution.

REGRESSION TESTING :
                      This test was executed for recent changes in the code may not cause the functionality of the software the test re run the previously executed tests to find the unintended defects for software

USABILITY TESTING :
This helps to know how user friendly the software was it is like a beta version of the software so the users use the software and feel the pain points and confusing areas of the software.

COMPATIBILITY TESTING :
This testing helps to verify that the software was running perfectly in various operating systems, browsers ,devices and environments.

SMOKE TESTING :
This is a quick test method to ensure most of the critical functions are working properly in newly build or released software before entering into deep testing.

BOUNDARY VALUE ANALYSIS

                       Boundary value analysis is also a software testing technique in this technique we can test the inputs minimum and maximum ranges and edges of the input ranges for example the conditon must be in the range of 100 to 500 to withdraw in the ATM machine if the input value is 50 it was fail, 60-fail, 99-fail this is below the boundary 100-pass, 101-pass, 200-pass, 500-pass, these are inside the boundary 501-fail, 600-fail, 1000-fail these are above the boundary they should fail . This is the method to determine the boundaries and edges of the conditions

EXAMPLE :

       CONDITION : AGE RESTRICTION MUST BE 18 TO 30


           VALUE             RESULT
             18                pass
             17                fail
             19                pass
             11                fail
             30                pass
             40                fail

DECISION TABLE TESTING

                        Decision table testing is used in black box testing technique. In this method uses a table for combination of multiple input conditions may affects outputs with corresponding multiple conditions , and the output depends on multiple conditional inputs

it was helps to identify potential logical errors and enhance the test coverage. It was true or fale table concept various multiple inputs may cause the decision.

EXAMPLE :           
              CONDITION : TO RUN THE SOFTWARE SYSTEM REQUIRMENTS INTEL I9 PROCESSOR GRAPHICS RTX 5060.


  PROCESSOR           GRAPHICS           RESULT
     yes                 yes              pass
     no                  yes              fail
     yes                 no               fail
     no                  no               fail

**THE FUTURE OF MANUAL TESTING IN THE AGE OF AI

**
First of all AI is not replacing manual testers AI will become tool for manual testing and some how some testing techniques are not replaced by AI . But AI it is reshaping the manual testing techniques so the manual testers need to learn new skills if they need to survive on the field.

            But there are still need human judgement they are EXPLORATORY TESTING AI can't do that because AI have the pre planned testing method humans doesn't need that because humans don't have boundaries to follow they will free flowly work with this testing technique so still humans required for this method of testing.

           Still humans have the upper hand in every field by their uniqueness of working ability analitical thinking, but AI simlify the work load by detecting anomalies, making flaky tests, automatically generating test cases, creating synthetic data, suggesting missing scenarios like more tasks they will done faster than human.

            So manual testers move toward more analytical roles like risk analysis and test strategy, interpreting AI generated reports, validating AI decisions so AI never replace manual testers or manual testing it will act as a tool not a replacable worker .

           So we need to learn some skills to use AI assisted tools to survive in the industry they are Testim, Mabl, TestSigma, Katalon , basic automation plus scripting and more



         SO AI NEVER REPLACE OUR WORK THEY ACT AS TOOL FOR US

DEV Community: Kasi Visvanathan