DEV Community: S.M. Khalid Mahmud

How to accessible multiple services via different domain or subdomain in DO droplet by Nginx

S.M. Khalid Mahmud — Sat, 03 Aug 2024 09:07:48 +0000

First, ensure that Nginx is installed on droplet. If it’s not installed, then install it using:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx

Before configuring Nginx, the firewall needs to be adjusted to allow access to the service. Nginx registers itself as a service with ufw upon installation, making it straightforward to allow Nginx access.

You can show ufw app list by typing:

sudo ufw app list

Then enable Nginx by typing:

sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'

Now, you can verify the change by typing:

sudo ufw status

To avoid a possible hash bucket memory problem that can arise from adding additional server names, it is necessary to adjust a single value in the /etc/nginx/nginx.conf file. Open the file using:

sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

And, find the server_names_hash_bucket_size directive and remove the # symbol to uncomment the line.

Here you will need to SSL/TLS Certificate also, so you need for that Let’s Encrypt using:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com -d www.example.com

To automatically renew SSL/TLS certificates obtained with Let’s Encrypt using Certbot, you can set up a cron job.

sudo crontab -e

Then add this line at the bottom: 0 0,12 * * * certbot renew --quiet

Now, you need to create an Nginx configuration file for each service after successful all steps. Each configuration file will handle requests for a specific domain or subdomain and proxy them to the appropriate Docker container.

Assuming you have a Next.js project running on port 3000, and you want to serve it on example.com, then you can create a configuration file like -

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com

And add below blocks on this file :

server {
  listen 80;
  listen [::]:80;
  server_name example.com www.example.com;

  return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}

server {
  listen 443 ssl;
  listen [::]:443 ssl;
  server_name example.com www.example.com;

  ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
  ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
  ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
  ssl_ciphers 'TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-CCM:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-CCM:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384';
  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

  location / {
    proxy_pass http://localhost:3000;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
  }
}

If you have multiple service, you can create additional configuration files, for example:
/etc/nginx/sites-available/service1.example.com
/etc/nginx/sites-available/service2.example.com

Each file will have a similar structure, just make sure to replace the server_name and proxy_pass with appropriate values.

Also must be linked your configuration files with /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ to enable them:

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/service1.example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/service2.example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

Note: Always test your Nginx configuration before restarting:

sudo nginx -t

If the test is successful, restart Nginx to apply the changes:

sudo systemctl restart nginx

How to automatic deployment from GitHub to server via FTP (GitHub Actions)

S.M. Khalid Mahmud — Tue, 24 Oct 2023 15:20:45 +0000

We are going to take a look at how we can automate deployment from GitHub to server via FTP. To do that we have to create some folder and file in project root where .git folder exist. Such as:

Now, we need to add below code in server-deploy-via-ftp file, which we created before.

name: CI-FTP

# Controls when the action will run.
on:
  # Triggers the workflow on push or pull request event but only for the main branch
  push:
    branches: [ main ]
  #  pull_request:
  #    branches: [ main ]

  # Allows to run this workflow manually from the Actions tab
  workflow_dispatch:

# A workflow run is made up of one or more job that can run sequentially or in parallel
jobs:
  # This workflow contains a single job called "FTP"
  deploy-via-ftp:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      # Checkouts repository under $GITHUB_WORKSPACE, so job can access it
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2

      - name: FTP Deploy
        uses: SamKirkland/FTP-Deploy-Action@4.3.2
        with:
          server: ${{ secrets.SERVER }}
          username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}

          # File will copy to under this path
          server-dir: ${{ secrets.SERVER_DIR }}

Then we need to create some secrets on GitHub. For creating GitHub secrets, go to repository Settings, then click on Secrets from sidebar. Secrets are:

SERVER: Your server address
USERNAME: Your ftp username
PASSWORD: Your ftp password
SERVER_DIR: Where GitHub project will be uploaded

Now push project on GitHub. And check status from Actions in repository.

How to automatic deployment from GitHub to server via SFTP (GitHub Actions)

S.M. Khalid Mahmud — Tue, 24 Oct 2023 15:03:21 +0000

We are going to take a look at how we can automate deployment from GitHub to server via SFTP. To do that we have to create some folder and file in project root where .git folder exist. Such as:

Now, we need to add below code in server-deploy-via-sftp file, which we created before.

name: CI-SFTP

# Controls when the action will run.
on:
  # Triggers the workflow on push or pull request event but only for the main branch
  push:
    branches: [ main ]
  #  pull_request:
  #    branches: [ main ]

  # Allows to run this workflow manually from the Actions tab
  workflow_dispatch:

# A workflow run is made up of one or more job that can run sequentially or in parallel
jobs:
  # This workflow contains a single job called "SFTP"
  deploy-via-sftp:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      # Checkouts repository under $GITHUB_WORKSPACE, so job can access it
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: SFTP Deploy
        uses: wlixcc/SFTP-Deploy-Action@v1.2.4
        with:
          server: ${{ secrets.SERVER }}
          port: 22 # default is 22
          username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
          ssh_private_key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}

          # Puts all file to under this path
          local_path: ./server/* # default is ./*
          # File will copy to under this path
          remote_path: ${{ secrets.REMOTE_PATH }}

          # Arg
          args: "-o ConnectTimeout=5"

Here we need SSH private key, which is basically a method of authenticating GitHub to make changes on deployment server. So for this we are gonna have to generate an SSH key pair and to do that we are gonna have to open up a terminal where need to access deployment server. Then, we need to enter below command:

ssh-keygen -t rsa

Now hit Enter to save the key. And keep empty passphrase.

We need to get public & private key. For that need to write below commands:

cd ~/.ssh

ls

Now, we can see two files, such as

id_rsa -> private key
id_rsa.pub -> public key

And also we need to create some secrets on GitHub and a new file authorized_keys in .ssh folder in deployment server, where need to write public key (id_rsa.pub content) and for creating GitHub secrets, go to repository Settings, then click on Secrets from sidebar. Secrets are:

SERVER: Your server address
USERNAME: Your server username
REMOTE_PATH: Where GitHub project will be uploaded
SSH_PRIVATE_KEY: Recently created private key on deploment server (id_rsa)

Now push project on GitHub. And check status from Actions in repository.

How to increase Firebase project limit

S.M. Khalid Mahmud — Sat, 14 Oct 2023 06:25:04 +0000

Firebase is a Backend-as-a-Service (Baas). It provides developers with a variety of tools and services to help them develop quality apps, grow their user base. It is built on Google’s infrastructure.

So, firebase is important for development. But, problem is on project limit. Now, we will learn to increase project limit.

Firstly go to Firebase console and then click Add project. After clicking Add project, you can see below picture, then click on Request an increase.

Now, you will see a form where you need to fill necessary information.

After filling all information, click on Submit and you need to wait for confirmation email.

How to Customize Ubuntu Terminal

S.M. Khalid Mahmud — Fri, 13 Oct 2023 09:18:47 +0000

Table of Content

Install ZSH
Install Oh My Posh
Install Nerd Font
Activate Oh My Posh
Change the Theme

Install ZSH

At first, you need to install the Z shell. So, go to the Ubuntu terminal and run the below command:

sudo apt install zsh

After that is done, need to change the default shell. By default, it remains bash. If you want to check it, then run the below command:

echo $0

Now run the below command to change the shell:

chsh

Then it will ask to set the login shell. So, type:

/bin/zsh

And press Enter.

Now restart the terminal, and you'll be greeted by ZSH config. In that case, select option 2 (press 2 on your keyboard) for the default settings.

Congratulations! You now have set ZSH as your default shell. Now you can go ahead with your terminal customization and install Oh My Posh.

Install Oh My Posh

First, you need to install Oh My Posh and UnZip so you can unzip the files in a second.

sudo wget https://github.com/JanDeDobbeleer/oh-my-posh/releases/latest/download/posh-linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/oh-my-posh
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/oh-my-posh
sudo apt install unzip

Next up, you need to download the themes.

mkdir ~/.poshthemes
wget https://github.com/JanDeDobbeleer/oh-my-posh/releases/latest/download/themes.zip -O ~/.poshthemes/themes.zip
unzip ~/.poshthemes/themes.zip -d ~/.poshthemes
chmod u+rw ~/.poshthemes/*.json
rm ~/.poshthemes/themes.zip

Install Nerd Font

You need to use Nerd Font to display all the nice custom icons. You can download them directly from here. Just save them on your computer, unzip and install them.

Then, you need to set this font from terminal settings.

Activate Oh My Posh

Now you need to add some code to your zshrc file; which theme you want to use in Oh My Posh will indicate. That's a necessary step for terminal customization.

Open your zshrc file by running the below command:

nano ~/.zshrc

And add the following two lines at the bottom of it.

# Oh My Posh Theme Config
eval "$(oh-my-posh --init --shell zsh --config '~/.poshthemes/atomic.omp.json')"

Now press Ctrl + O and then Enter to save your file, and to close the file, press Ctrl + X.

Finally, you need to activate the theme by running the below command:

source ~/.zshrc

Change the Theme

Now, if you want to change your current theme, then just open your zshrc file by running the below command:

nano ~/.zshrc

And scroll down to where you added your # Oh My Posh Theme Config and replace the old theme name with the new theme name.

# Oh My Posh Theme Config
eval "$(oh-my-posh --init --shell zsh --config '~/.poshthemes/night-owl.omp.json')"

Now press Ctrl + O and then Enter to save your file, and to close the file, press Ctrl + X.

Finally, you need to activate the new theme by running the below command:

source ~/.zshrc

How to Install Ubuntu Terminal Using Subsystem for Linux

S.M. Khalid Mahmud — Thu, 12 Oct 2023 06:17:38 +0000

Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) allows the installation of a complete Ubuntu terminal environment on a Windows machine and provides for the development of cross-platform applications without leaving windows.

At first, you need to go to your search menu in windows and type Powershell. After done, right-click on Powershell and select Run as administrator. Then a popup window will show, and click on yes. Now you need to put two commands.

To enable Windows Subsystem for Linux:

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart

To enable Virtual Machine Platform:

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

After that, you must restart your computer, and again you need to go to Powershell as administrator and put one command.

To set WSL2 as the default environment:

wsl.exe --set-default-version 2

Now, you have to download Ubuntu from Microsoft Store and open it. It will take time to set up the process thoroughly, and you will need your credentials.

Now, you have completed your all process. Thank you!

How to Install Oh My Posh in Windows

S.M. Khalid Mahmud — Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:58:40 +0000

Table of Content

Installation
Activation
Install Nerd Font
Change the Theme

Installation

First, you need to install the Powershell from Microsoft Store. After that, go to the Powershell terminal to run the below command and then restart the terminal.

Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; Invoke-Expression ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://ohmyposh.dev/install.ps1'))

Activation

Now you need to initialize the Profile. So, the first thing you need to do is run the following command and check its path:

echo $profile

After that, you will need to create the profile manually using the above getting path, and an editor will need to open the file where the following line must be added:

oh-my-posh --init --shell pwsh --config https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JanDeDobbeleer/oh-my-posh/v$(oh-my-posh --version)/themes/jandedobbeleer.omp.json | Invoke-Expression

Now press Ctrl + S. And the last one is, if you want to set beautiful terminal icons, then add the following line in the profile also (Optional):

Import-Module -Name Terminal-Icons

Then, install the terminal icons module using the below command and restart the terminal.

Install-Module -Name Terminal-Icons -RequiredVersion 0.9.0

Install Nerd Font

You need to use Nerd Font to display all the nice custom icons. You can download them directly from here. Just save them on your computer, unzip and install them and you need to set this font from terminal settings.

Change the Theme

If you want to change your current theme, then open your Profile Script by running the below command:

notepad $profile

Now, scroll to where you added your Theme Config and replace the old theme name with the new theme name.

oh-my-posh --init --shell pwsh --config https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JanDeDobbeleer/oh-my-posh/v$(oh-my-posh --version)/themes/night-owl.omp.json | Invoke-Expression

Now press Ctrl + S. Then restart the terminal.

How to host a node.js application in cPanel

S.M. Khalid Mahmud — Fri, 28 Jul 2023 16:30:48 +0000

Node.js is a popular, event-driven JavaScript runtime where you can use to build robust web applications. If you are already familiar with creating node.js apps, you may be wondering how to get your app onto a shared server. In this article, I explain how to host a node.js application in cPanel.

To deploy node.js application on hosting, firstly you have to create the application. You can create application using cPanel graphical interface by selecting Setup Node.js App under Software section of cPanel home screen.

Now click CREATE APPLICATION to begin the application setup on the Node.js App page:

Then on the CREATE APPLICATION form, fill out the following fields:

Node.js version: Choose your preferred version from the dropdown list. (Latest version is recommended)
Application mode: Select either Development or Production from the list. One may initially choose Development and then switch to Production.
Application root: It is for the location of application files in the file system. To form the full path to the application files in the cPanel home directory, the value will be appended to "/home/>username</>applicationroot<".
Application URL: It is to form a web URL of the application.
Application startup file: The very first file that the application will process once it has been launched.
Environment variables: This is a user-definable value that can affect the way running processes will behave on a application.

Click CREATE after finishing the form. After created successfully an application starts automatically. Then, click STOP APP to stop the application and upload your all node app files on application root from File Manager. Now, you need to back on Node.js App page for install dependencies. For install dependencies, click Run NPM Install. After successful installation, click START APP to start again the application.

Now "It works!"

If you want to run MongoDB with your node app, then you need to open port 27017 for your hosting by creating a support ticket.