The latest articles on DEV Community by krishna Sahu (@krishna_sahu_1b509398b99f). https://dev.to/krishna_sahu_1b509398b99f https://media2.dev.to/dynamic/image/width=90,height=90,fit=cover,gravity=auto,format=auto/https:%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Fuser%2Fprofile_image%2F3594099%2F97986cf1-06d9-4cb2-9821-d2078de385bb.png https://dev.to/krishna_sahu_1b509398b99f en krishna Sahu Mon, 03 Nov 2025 13:29:53 +0000 https://dev.to/krishna_sahu_1b509398b99f/linux-operating-system-3i74 https://dev.to/krishna_sahu_1b509398b99f/linux-operating-system-3i74 <p>🧠** Basic Linux Practicals**</p> <ol> <li>Install Linux OS (Ubuntu / RedHat / Kali / CentOS)</li> <li>Explore Linux desktop and terminal</li> <li>Check OS details using <code>uname</code>, <code>cat /etc/os-release</code> </li> <li>View current user, hostname, and working directory (<code>whoami</code>, <code>hostname</code>, <code>pwd</code>)</li> <li>Create, rename, copy, move, and delete files using <code>cp</code>, <code>mv</code>, <code>rm</code>, <code>touch</code> </li> <li>Manage directories using <code>mkdir</code>, <code>rmdir</code>, <code>ls -l</code>, <code>tree</code> </li> <li>Display file content using <code>cat</code>, <code>less</code>, <code>head</code>, <code>tail</code> </li> <li>Use <code>man</code> and <code>help</code> for command documentation</li> <li>Use wildcard characters (<code>*</code>, <code>?</code>, <code>[]</code>) in commands</li> <li>Use text editors like <code>nano</code>, <code>vi</code>, or <code>vim</code> </li> </ol> <h2> ⚙️ <strong>User and Permission Management Practicals</strong> </h2> <ol> <li>Create, delete, and modify users using <code>useradd</code>, <code>userdel</code>, <code>usermod</code> </li> <li>Set and change passwords using <code>passwd</code> </li> <li>Manage groups with <code>groupadd</code>, <code>groupdel</code>, <code>gpasswd</code> </li> <li>Check user details in <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/group</code> </li> <li>Manage file permissions using <code>chmod</code>, <code>chown</code>, <code>chgrp</code> </li> <li>Understand permission bits (rwx, 777, 755, 644, etc.)</li> <li>Set special permissions — SUID, SGID, Sticky Bit</li> <li>Practice ownership and access control examples</li> </ol> <h2> 🌐 <strong>Networking Practicals</strong> </h2> <ol> <li>Check and configure IP addresses using <code>ifconfig</code>, <code>ip addr</code> </li> <li>Test connectivity using <code>ping</code>, <code>traceroute</code>, <code>nslookup</code>, <code>dig</code> </li> <li>Edit network configuration files (<code>/etc/network/interfaces</code>, <code>nmcli</code>)</li> <li>Configure hostname and DNS</li> <li>View open ports using <code>netstat</code>, <code>ss</code>, or <code>lsof -i</code> </li> <li>Transfer files using <code>scp</code>, <code>rsync</code>, and <code>sftp</code> </li> <li>Setup and test SSH server (<code>sshd_config</code>)</li> <li>Configure static and dynamic IP addressing</li> </ol> <h2> 💾 <strong>File System &amp; Process Management</strong> </h2> <ol> <li>Mount and unmount drives using <code>mount</code>, <code>umount</code> </li> <li>Check disk usage using <code>df</code>, <code>du</code>, <code>lsblk</code> </li> <li>Manage partitions using <code>fdisk</code>, <code>parted</code> </li> <li>View running processes using <code>ps</code>, <code>top</code>, <code>htop</code> </li> <li>Kill or manage processes using <code>kill</code>, <code>pkill</code>, <code>nice</code>, <code>renice</code> </li> <li>Schedule tasks using <code>cron</code> and <code>at</code> </li> <li>View system logs from <code>/var/log</code> directory</li> <li>Backup and compress files using <code>tar</code>, <code>gzip</code>, <code>zip</code> </li> </ol> <h2> 🔐 <strong>Security &amp; Administration</strong> </h2> <ol> <li>Configure sudo privileges (<code>/etc/sudoers</code>)</li> <li>Monitor system performance using <code>vmstat</code>, <code>free</code>, <code>uptime</code> </li> <li>Check system boot logs using <code>dmesg</code>, <code>journalctl</code> </li> <li>Configure and manage firewall using <code>ufw</code> or <code>firewalld</code> </li> <li>Configure SELinux or AppArmor (RedHat-based)</li> <li>Manage system services with <code>systemctl</code> and <code>service</code> </li> <li>Enable/disable automatic updates</li> <li>Lock/unlock user accounts</li> </ol> <h2> 🧩 <strong>Server &amp; Advanced Practicals</strong> </h2> <ol> <li>Configure Apache/Nginx web server</li> <li>Setup and secure SSH, FTP, and Samba servers</li> <li>Install and manage MySQL/MariaDB databases</li> <li>Setup DNS (BIND9) or DHCP server</li> <li>Manage user quotas and shared directories</li> <li>Configure NFS or SAMBA file sharing</li> <li>Monitor system with <code>top</code>, <code>iotop</code>, <code>netstat</code> </li> <li>Create and restore system backups using <code>rsync</code> or <code>tar</code> </li> </ol> linux ios kernel ubuntu krishna Sahu Mon, 03 Nov 2025 13:03:16 +0000 https://dev.to/krishna_sahu_1b509398b99f/jetking-practicles-lists-e47 https://dev.to/krishna_sahu_1b509398b99f/jetking-practicles-lists-e47 <p>Windows practicals lists</p> <h2> 🧠 <strong>Basic Windows Practicals</strong> </h2> <ol> <li>Install Windows OS (Windows 10 / 11 / Server)</li> <li>Explore Windows Desktop, Taskbar, and Start Menu</li> <li>Manage files and folders using <strong>File Explorer</strong> </li> <li>Create, rename, copy, move, and delete files/folders</li> <li>Use <strong>Control Panel</strong> and <strong>Settings</strong> </li> <li>Check <strong>system information</strong> (CPU, RAM, OS version)</li> <li>Change <strong>date, time, and region</strong> settings</li> <li>Manage <strong>user accounts</strong> (create, delete, rename users)</li> <li>Change <strong>passwords</strong> and set <strong>password policies</strong> </li> <li>Configure <strong>desktop personalization</strong> (wallpaper, themes, screensaver)</li> </ol> <h2> ⚙️ <strong>Command Line (CMD &amp; PowerShell) Practicals</strong> </h2> <ol> <li>Basic CMD commands: <code>dir</code>, <code>cd</code>, <code>copy</code>, <code>move</code>, <code>del</code>, <code>mkdir</code>, <code>rmdir</code> </li> <li>System commands: <code>hostname</code>, <code>ipconfig</code>, <code>ping</code>, <code>systeminfo</code> </li> <li>Manage users: <code>net user</code>, <code>net localgroup</code> </li> <li>Check and kill tasks: <code>tasklist</code>, <code>taskkill</code> </li> <li>View and manage services: <code>services.msc</code> or <code>Get-Service</code> in PowerShell</li> <li>Execute <strong>PowerShell scripts</strong> </li> <li>Configure environment variables</li> <li>Check system performance using <code>perfmon</code> and <code>resmon</code> </li> </ol> <h2> 🌐 <strong>Networking Practicals</strong> </h2> <ol> <li>Configure <strong>IP address manually</strong> </li> <li>Test <strong>network connectivity</strong> using <code>ping</code>, <code>tracert</code>, <code>nslookup</code> </li> <li>Share a folder and access it from another computer</li> <li>Map a <strong>network drive</strong> </li> <li>Enable and disable <strong>Windows Firewall</strong> </li> <li>Configure <strong>Remote Desktop</strong> connection</li> <li>Use <strong>netstat</strong> to view active connections</li> <li>Create and test a <strong>HomeGroup</strong> or <strong>Workgroup</strong> </li> </ol> <h2> 🔐 <strong>Security &amp; Administration Practicals</strong> </h2> <ol> <li>Manage <strong>local users and groups</strong> (<code>lusrmgr.msc</code>)</li> <li>Set <strong>NTFS permissions</strong> (read, write, modify)</li> <li>Configure <strong>file/folder sharing permissions</strong> </li> <li>Apply <strong>Group Policy</strong> using <code>gpedit.msc</code> </li> <li>Enable/disable <strong>services</strong> using <code>services.msc</code> </li> <li>Manage <strong>Windows updates</strong> </li> <li>Use <strong>Event Viewer</strong> to monitor system logs</li> <li>Configure <strong>Windows Defender</strong> and perform a scan</li> </ol> <h2> 🧩 <strong>Advanced / Server Practicals</strong> </h2> <ol> <li>Install <strong>Active Directory Domain Services</strong> </li> <li>Create and manage <strong>domain users and groups</strong> </li> <li>Configure <strong>DNS and DHCP</strong> roles</li> <li>Join a client to a <strong>domain</strong> </li> <li>Set <strong>Group Policy Objects (GPOs)</strong> </li> <li>Configure <strong>File Server</strong> and <strong>Disk Quotas</strong> </li> <li>Manage <strong>Windows Backup &amp; Restore</strong> </li> <li>Monitor system performance with <strong>Performance Monitor</strong> </li> </ol> programming webdev security