DEV Community: Madhuri Rajaram Thete

Python Selenium Architecture

Madhuri Rajaram Thete — Fri, 05 Apr 2024 15:14:24 +0000

What is Selenium?
Selenium is a web automated testing tool that supports cross-browser testing across various operating systems. Selenium supports Python, JavaScript, JAVA, C# and Ruby.

Fig: Selenium WebDiver Architecture

Selenium Web-Driver:
Selenium WebDriver is a collection of APIs that allows communication between your test script and the web browser.
Selenium WebDriver API provides an understandable programming interface. WebDriver interacts with the browser using the browser’s native support for automation. For each browser(e.g. Chrome, Firefox).JAVA and C# languages are mostly preferred to work with Selenium.

Selenium Client Library:
Selenium supports various programming languages, including Python. The Selenium client library for Python provides bindings to interact with the WebDriver. The selenium client library can be divided into two groups:

1. Web Driver protocol clients:
They are thin wrappers around WebDriver protocol HTTP calls.

2. WebDriver-based tools :
These are higher-level libraries that allow us to work with
WebDriver automation.

In Python, you can install the Selenium library using a package manager like 'pip’.

Browser Drivers:
Browser drivers act as a bridge between the Selenium libraries and the browsers. They help to run Selenium commands on the browser. For e.g., the Chrome Driver executable is used to communicate with the Chrome browser.

JSON Wire Protocol:
The communication between the Selenium WebDriver and the browser driver is facilitated by the JSON Wire Protocol. This protocol defines a RESTful web service using HTTP requests and responses in JSON format.

Web Browser:
The web browser is the application being automated. Selenium supports various browsers, including Chrome, Firefox and Safari, Internet Explorer and operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux.

Selenium WebDriver Feature:
1.Selenium WebDriver architecture is designed to support cross-
browser testing and parallel testing.
2.It is open-source, supports many languages, and is compatible
with many operating systems.
3.It also supports integration with testing frameworks like TestNG
to improve automation testing and reporting.
4.Selenium has strong community support which makes
troubleshooting pretty easy.
5.Selenium Architecture enables us to implement user gestures like
the mouse cursor and keyboard actions like click, double click,
drag, and drop, click and hold, etc.
6.The architecture of Selenium enables us to simulate advanced
browser interactions like clicking the browser’s back and front
buttons.

Fig: Selenium WebDriver Feature

What is significance of the Python Virtual Environment?
Python virtual environments allow developers to control software dependencies in Python code. They’re useful ways of ensuring that the correct package/library versions are consistently used every time the software runs. Virtual environments also help ensure that the results from running code are reproducible.

A virtual environment is a tool that helps to keep dependencies required by different projects separate by creating isolated Python virtual environments for them. This is one of the most important tools that most Python developers use.
A scenario where you are working on two web-based Python projects one of them uses Django 4.0 and the other uses Django 4.1 (check for the latest Django versions and so on). In such situations, we need to create a virtual environment in Python that can be really useful to maintain the dependencies of both projects.

Create Virtual Environment in Python
We use a module named virtualenv which is a tool to create virtual environments in Python, isolated from system environment Python.

Steps for creating Virtual Environment in Python

1. Step 1 - Install virtualenv:
pip install virtualenv

2. Step 2 - Creating a Virtual Environment:
1. Using venv:
python.exe -m venv new-env

2. Using virtualenv:
virtualenv new_env

3. Step 3 - Activate the virtual environment:
On Windows, Press Enter after typing
.\new-env\Scripts\activate

How to fix it:
Step 1 - Run Powershell as administrator
Step 2 - Execute the following command:
"Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned"

Step 3 - Enter 'Y'

Step 4 - Managing Packages Using pip
pip install requests

Selenium-Task15

Madhuri Rajaram Thete — Thu, 04 Apr 2024 11:38:12 +0000

- Selenium:

Selenium is an open source tool that is used for automating the tests carried out on different web browsers and programming languages.
Selenium is a set of tools that helps tester automate web-based applications more efficiently.
By using Selenium, we can automate the functional tests and easily integrate them.
Selenium has four components: Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, Selenium Web driver, Selenium Grid.
Selenium have no licensing cost for its usage.
Selenium provides platform support for all the major operating systems, like Windows, Linux and Mac OS.
Selenium supports most of the popular browsers, like Chrome, Firefox, Opera and Safari.
Selenium has features to enable users to incorporate additional functionalities through several plugins or extensions.

-** Why Do we use Selenium for Automation:**

Selenium automation allows tests to be executed quickly and accurately, reducing the likelihood of human mistakes and ensuring consistent test results.
Selenium allows developers and testers to automate testing of web applications across different browsers and platforms.

Selenium allows different languages to be supported.
Selenium enables you to test your websites on different browsers.
Automated testing with Selenium can easily scale to cover a wide range of test cases, scenarios and user interactions.
Selenium supports parallel test executions, allowing multiple tests to run concurrently.
Selenium provides detailed test execution logs and reports, making it easier to track test results and identify areas that require attention.
Selenium can simulate user interactions and behavior, allowing testers to assess the user experience and ensure that the application is intuitive and user-friendly.
_Components of Selenium:
_

Selenium IDE is mainly used to record user interactions, such as clicks, and selections and in browsers and play them back as automated tests.
Selenium RC was build to automate the testing of web applications by simulating user interactions across different browsers and platforms.
Selenium Web driver communicates with browsers directly with the help of browser-specific native methods. Mainly used for functional testing and Cross-browsers testing.
In Future AI and Machine learning could be integrated into Selenium testing to enhance test generation, data analysis and test optimization.
In Future Selenium testing will shift towards headless and Mobile testing. Headless browsers testing allows for faster execution and enables testing scenarios that are challenging in graphical environments.
Selenium Web driver will likely continue expanding its supports for new browser version as well as emerging browsers and operating systems.
In Future Security testing could become a more integral part of Selenium testing with specialized tools and libraries to automate security related tests.
_Selenium Automation Tool:
_

Manual Testing Task

Madhuri Rajaram Thete — Sun, 24 Dec 2023 15:53:23 +0000

Manual Testing is the process of manually testing software for defects. The Main Purpose of Manual testing is to detect bugs and feature issues before a software application being deployed to end users.

Benefits:

1.Earlier identifies and fixed defects.
2.Easily Maintain and update the software.
3.It reduces cost by finding and fixes defects earlier.
4.Humans involvement is more then automated tool.
Drawbacks:
1.It is time-consuming process.
2.Inaccurate data can slow down feedback performance.
3.It does not cover all testing aspects.
4.High chances of human error.
5.It required more time to execute.
6.It required more resources to execute.
Example:

1.Test valid username and password.
2.Test forget password and reset password functionality.
3.Validate if user is registered or not, provide an option to
create an account.
4.Show login screen by default for registered user.
5.Test that all fields are mandatory.

Types of Software Testing

Madhuri Rajaram Thete — Mon, 18 Dec 2023 08:03:15 +0000

Functional Testing:

Functional testing verifies each functions, features of the software.
Goals is to validate software actions.
It is based on customer's requirements.
It is easy to execute manually.
Examples: Unit testing, Smoke testing, Integration testing, Regression testing.

Non-Functional Testing:

Non Functional testing verifies aspects like performance, reliability.
Goals is to validate software performance.
It is based on customer's expectation.
It is hard to execute testing manually.
Examples: Performance testing, Load testing, Stress testing, Scalability testing.

Testing Techniques

Madhuri Rajaram Thete — Sun, 17 Dec 2023 09:59:08 +0000

Boundary Value Analysis is a Black box testing methodology.
It is used to test boundary values because the input values near
the boundary have higher chances of error. For eg. Assume that,
age is a variable of any function and its minimum value is 16
and the maximum value is 40 both 16 and 40 will be considered as
boundary values.
Decision table testing is a software testing technique used to
test system behavior for different inputs combinations. It is a
black box testing methodology. For eg. How to make decision table
for login page. The user provide the correct username and
password the user directed to homepage. If any of inputs is
wrong, an error message will be displayed.

Enter correct username and password, click on login the expected
result will be the user should be navigated to the homepage.

Use case testing is a black box testing methodology. It
helps testers to identify test scenarios that exercise whole
system on each transaction basis from start to finish.

For eg. Online E-commerce purchase might include separate
reports for adding an item to the cart, selecting payment type
and choosing a shipping and delivery option.
Liner Code Sequence and Jump(LCSAJ) is a white box testing
methodology. It is used to identify the code coverage, which
begins at the start of the program or branch and ends at the end
of the program or the branch. For. eg.

Software Testing Task-1

Madhuri Rajaram Thete — Mon, 11 Dec 2023 08:34:16 +0000

Software testing identify bugs and issues and ensure the quality assurance stage of software development and improve performance.
We should known about software testing that it eliminates defects or bugs within software that may leads to system crashes or incorrect data processing.
Main purpose of software testing is that before software product is delivered to end users it identifies any issues and defects within software application.
Software testing is also known as defect or Bug tracker. Defect monitoring is important to both development and testing teams for cost reducing and improving quality of software product.