DEV Community: Md Manawar Iqbal

🔍 Top 10 Websites Every Developer Should Know 🔍

Md Manawar Iqbal — Tue, 25 Jul 2023 22:22:28 +0000

👩‍💻 Being a developer means staying up-to-date with the latest tools and resources. Here's a thread with ten must-know websites that will boost your skills and productivity. Let's dive in! 👇

1️⃣ GitHub (github.com):
A treasure trove of open-source projects, collaboration, and version control. Contribute, discover, and showcase your work on the world's largest developer platform. #GitHub #OpenSource

2️⃣ Stack Overflow (stackoverflow.com):
The go-to place for developers to seek solutions and share knowledge. Ask questions, find answers, and get involved in the thriving developer community. #StackOverflow #DeveloperCommunity

3️⃣ MDN Web Docs (developer.mozilla.org):
An extensive resource for web developers with in-depth documentation on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and more. Stay ahead in web development with MDN. #MDNWebDocs #WebDevelopment

4️⃣ CodePen (codepen.io):
A playground for front-end developers to experiment with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code snippets. Showcase your creations and get inspired by others' work. #CodePen #FrontEndDev

5️⃣ Dev.to (dev.to):
A welcoming platform for developers to share knowledge, experiences, and insights. Engage with the community, learn new concepts, and level up your skills. #DevCommunity #Learning

6️⃣ HackerRank (hackerrank.com):
Sharpen your coding skills through challenges and competitions. Improve problem-solving abilities and get noticed by top tech companies. #HackerRank #CodingChallenges

7️⃣ Smashing Magazine (smashingmagazine.com):
A fantastic resource for web designers and developers. Stay updated with the latest trends, tips, and best practices in the industry. #SmashingMagazine #WebDesign

8️⃣ CSS-Tricks (css-tricks.com):
The ultimate place to learn and master CSS tricks and techniques. Enhance your front-end development skills with valuable tips and tutorials. #CSSTricks #FrontEndTips

9️⃣ LeetCode (leetcode.com):
Crack coding interviews and enhance problem-solving skills with real coding questions. Prepare for technical interviews and land your dream job. #LeetCode #CodingInterviews

🔟 Awwwards (awwwards.com):
For web designers seeking inspiration and recognition, Awwwards showcases outstanding website designs that push the boundaries of creativity. #Awwwards #WebDesignInspiration

💡 Bookmark these websites and explore them regularly to stay at the forefront of the developer community. Happy coding! 🚀 #DeveloperResources #WebDevelopment #Programming

(Note: URLs are fictional and provided as examples. Please use the actual URLs of the mentioned websites.)

Simple Landing Page in HTML

Md Manawar Iqbal — Mon, 09 Jan 2023 06:36:56 +0000

Here is simple html code for your landing page

<html>
  <head>
    <title>Landing Page</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Welcome to my landing page!</h1>
    <p>Thank you for visiting. Please take a look around and learn more about what I have to offer.</p>
    <ul>
      <li><a href="#services">Services</a></li>
      <li><a href="#about">About me</a></li>
      <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
    </ul>
    <h2 id="services">Services</h2>
    <p>I offer a variety of services, including web design, graphic design, and social media management. Let me know how I can help you succeed online.</p>
    <h2 id="about">About me</h2>
    <p>I am a creative professional with years of experience in the industry. I am passionate about helping businesses and individuals achieve their goals through effective online marketing.</p>
    <h2 id="contact">Contact</h2>
    <p>If you have any questions or would like to work with me, please don't hesitate to get in touch. You can reach me by email at hello@example.com or by phone at 555-555-5555.</p>
  </body>
</html>

This code creates a basic landing page with a heading, a paragraph, and a list of links to different sections of the page. The page also includes three sections: "Services," "About me," and "Contact." Each section has its own heading and paragraph of text.

Hopes it helps you
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Clustering Algorithms in Machine Learning

Md Manawar Iqbal — Mon, 09 Jan 2023 06:29:47 +0000

Clustering algorithms are a type of unsupervised learning method in machine learning that divides a dataset into groups (also known as clusters) based on the patterns in the data. The goal of clustering algorithms is to group data points in a way that points within a group are more similar to each other than they are to points in other groups.

There are several different types of clustering algorithms, each with its own unique characteristics and applications. Some common examples include:

K-means clustering: This is a widely used algorithm that divides a dataset into a specified number (k) of clusters. It does this by iteratively assigning each data point to the closest cluster based on the mean of the points in the cluster, and then updating the mean of each cluster until convergence.

Hierarchical clustering: This type of clustering algorithm creates a hierarchy of clusters by repeatedly dividing the dataset into smaller and smaller clusters. There are two main types of hierarchical clustering: agglomerative, which starts with individual data points and merges them into larger clusters, and divisive, which starts with the whole dataset and divides it into smaller clusters.

DBSCAN: This algorithm is designed to find clusters of any shape in a dataset. It does this by identifying points that are in high-density regions of the dataset and grouping them together, while ignoring points in low-density regions.

Clustering algorithms have a wide range of applications, including image segmentation, text analysis, and customer segmentation. They are often used as a preprocessing step for other machine learning tasks, such as classification and regression.

It's important to note that choosing the right clustering algorithm for a given dataset can be a challenge, as different algorithms may perform better on different types of data. It is also important to carefully evaluate the quality of the clusters produced by a clustering algorithm, as this can have a significant impact on the accuracy of downstream machine learning tasks.

Data Science Best Learning Roadmap

Md Manawar Iqbal — Thu, 24 Nov 2022 14:40:51 +0000

Data Science Learning Roadmaps

ML #DataScience #python

When we are start learning data science we some times get confused where to start so in this article thread Try to explain which roadmaps we should follow for learning data science. Just search every topics on internet and learn them you can follow me on github also where I try to upload the source code of projects you can follow me on github
https://github.com/Manawariqbal
01
Getting Started with Python
Python Basics
Loops in Python
Functions in Python
Strings in Python
Data Structure

2
Files and JSON
Getting started with Files
Minor Project:Inventory Management System with Files
Minor Project: Inventory Management System with JSON
3
OS with Python
Getting started with OS
Jupyter Notebook Setup
OS with Python
4
Mastering Numpy Arrays
Mastering Numpy Arrays
05
Data Analysis with Python
Getting started with Pandas
Statistics
Data Preprocessing
Data Analysis
Minor Project: Black Friday Sales Data Analysis
Minor Project: Data Visualization on Heart Disease Dataset
Minor Project: GDP Analysis
06
Tableau
Introduction to Tableau
Understanding Parameters
Basic Plots in Tableau
Fundamentals of Tableau
Designing the Plots
Project 1 - Superstore Sales Analysis Dashboard
Project 2 - Covid-19 World Dashbaord
07
Web Scraping
To Scrape
Minor Project: Wikipedia Scraper
Selenium
Minor Project: Youtube Scrapper
Minor Project: Stock Images Infinite Scroll
Image Dataset Creation
08
Getting Started with AI
Introduction to AI
How Data Science Comes into Play
09
Machine Learning
Linear Regression
Multiple Linear Regression
Polynomial Linear Regression
Support Vector Machine
Decision Tree
Random Forest
Classification Algorithms
Clustering Algorithms
Feature Engineering
10
Image Processing
Pixels with Lists
Image and Gradient Formation
Image Manipulation
Instagram Filters Colour and Patterns
Edge, Contour and Colour Detection
Face Detection with HaarCascase
Webcam using OpenCV
Image Manipulation with Live Webcam
Realtime Face Image Processing
11
Deep Learning
Perceptrons
Multi layer perceptron architecture
Convolutional neural network

12
Natural Language Processing
Getting started with Text
Regular Expression with Python
Getting started with Spacy and PDF
Text Encoding Decoding from Scratch

13
Major Projects
MNIST Handwritten Digit Recogniser
Titanic Survival | EDA
Stock Image Scrapper

What is ERP ?

Md Manawar Iqbal — Tue, 22 Nov 2022 15:07:10 +0000

Many time we heard the term ERP in software Engineering
Today I am going to explain about ERP in brief
what is ERP?
According to wikipedia it's define as

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is the integrated management of main business processes, often in real time and mediated by software and technology. ERP is usually referred to as a category of business management software—typically a suite of integrated applications—that an organization can use to collect, store, manage and interpret data from many business activities.

For many companies, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are a critical element of their success. ERP refers to software and systems that are used to plan and manage all core supply chain, manufacturing, services, financial and other processes of an organization. ERP can considerably streamline an organization’s operations, automating functions such as accounting, procurement, project management, customer relationship management, risk management, compliance and supply chain operations.

While a business can utilize an individual ERP application, a complete ERP application suite brings processes together across a business, connecting every aspect of the enterprise and allowing for improved communication and data gathering. Today’s ERP systems extend processes by providing collaboration and digital solutions to effectively connect with partners outside the organization including, customers, suppliers, carriers, financial institutions and others.
What are the Benefits of ERP?
The benefits of ERP are many. ERP system benefits range from optimizing processes to helping different departments better collaborate to improving the relationship between a business and its customers. The following are several of the most valued benefits to utilizing ERP.
Increased Efficiency
One of the primary advantages of ERP is that it allows companies to automate manual and routine functions.
Improved Collaboration
ERP systems also connect teams, improving communication and employee engagement. With an ERP system, every approved employee has on-demand access to operational data, allowing them to understand all of the company’s moving parts and the role they play.
Real-time Data & Enhanced Reporting
One of the biggest benefits of ERP is that it’s a powerful data hub. An ERP system allows you to collect, store, and analyze data across your operations in one centralized location
Cloud Accessibility
Though ERP systems are available as on-premise solutions, cloud ERP software has become more popular in recent years.
What are the Disadvantages of ERP?
Though the advantages of an ERP system far outweigh the disadvantages, there are a few to consider to make sure moving forward with ERP is right for your business at a given time.

Upfront Costs
There are initial costs to keep in mind when considering an ERP system, particularly an on-premise system, such as the cost of implementation, maintenance, training and potential third-party software add-ins.
Training
To get the most out of ERP software, proper training is a must. Training should cover all of the ERP system’s features, with sessions in line with business processes.
*Leading software companies providing ERP services are *
SAP
Oracle
Microsoft
Workday
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Data Preprocessing

Md Manawar Iqbal — Tue, 22 Nov 2022 14:50:55 +0000

What is Data Pre-processing?
"Data Preprocessing is a process of converting your raw data into suitable form."
Data Preprocessing Steps Involves
1:Getting Dataset
2:Importing Libraries
3:Importing Datasets
4:Finding Missing Values
5:Encoding Categorical Data
6:Splitting Dataset into Training & Test Set
7:Feature Scaling

Numpy in Python

Md Manawar Iqbal — Thu, 17 Nov 2022 07:10:43 +0000

NumPy
The NumPy library is the core library for scientific computing in Python. It provides a high-performance multidimensional array object, and tools for working with these arrays.

Use the following import convention:

>>> import numpy as np

*Numpy Arrays *

*Creating Arrays *

>>> a = np.array([1,2,3])
>>> b = np.array([(1.5,2,3), (4,5,6)], dtype = float)
>>> c = np.array([[(1.5,2,3), (4,5,6)],[(3,2,1), (4,5,6)]], dtype = float)

Initial Placeholders

>>> np.zeros((3,4)) #Create an array of zeros
>>> np.ones((2,3,4),dtype=np.int16) #Create an array of ones
>>> d = np.arange(10,25,5)#Create an array of evenly spaced values (step value)
>>> np.linspace(0,2,9) #Create an array of evenlyspaced values (number of samples)
>>> e = np.full((2,2),7)#Create a constant array
>>> f = np.eye(2) #Create a 2X2 identity matrix
>>> np.random.random((2,2)) #Create an array with random values
>>> np.empty((3,2)) #Create an empty array

I/O

Saving & Loading on Disk

>>> np.save('my_array' , a)
>>> np.savez( 'array.npz', a, b)
>>> np.load( 'my_array.npy')

Saving & Loading Text Files

>>> np.loadtxt("myfile.txt")
>>> np.genfromtxt("my_file.csv", delimiter= ',')
>>> np.savetxt( "myarray.txt", a, delimiter= " ")

Asking For Help
>>> np.info(np.ndarray.dtype)
Inspecting Your Array

>>> a.shape #Array dimensions
>>> len(a)#Length of array
>>> b.ndim #Number of array dimensions
>>> e.size #Number of array elements
>>> b.dtype  #Data type of array elements
>>> b.dtype.name  #Name of data type
>>> b.astype(int). #Convert an array to a different type

Data Types

>>> np.int64 #Signed 64-bit integer types
>>> np.float32. #Standard double-precision floating point
>>> np.complex. #Complex numbers represented by 128 floats
>>> np.bool  #Boolean type storing TRUE and FALSE values
>>> np.object #Python object type
>>> np.string_ #Fixed-length string type
>>> np.unicode_ #Fixed-length unicode type

Array Mathematics

Arithmetic Operations

>>> g = a - b. #Subtraction
   array([[-0.5,0. ,0.], [-3. , -3. , -3. ]])
>>> np.subtract(a,b) #Subtraction
>>> b + a #Addition 
  array([[ 2.5, 4. , 6.],[5. ,7. ,9. ]])
>>> np.add(b,a) #Addition 
>>> a/b #Division 
 array([[0.66666667,1. ,1.],[0.25 ,0.4 ,0.5 ]])
>>> np.divide(a,b) #Division 
>>> a * b #Multiplication 
  array([[1.5, 4. ,9.],[ 4. , 10. , 18. ]])
>>> np.multiply(a,b) #Multiplication 
>>> np.exp(b) #Exponentiation
>>> np.sqrt(b) #Square root
>>> np.sin(a)  #Print sines of an array
>>> np.cos(b) #Elementwise cosine
>>> np.log(a)#Elementwise natural logarithm
>>> e.dot(f) #Dot product 
 array([[7.,7.],[7.,7.]])

Comparison

>>> a == b #Elementwise comparison

 array([[False , True, True],
             [ False,False ,False ]], dtype=bool)
>>> a< 2 #Elementwise comparison
   array([True, False, False], dtype=bool)
>>> np.array_equal(a, b) #Arraywise comparison
Copying Arrays 
>>>h = a.view()#Create a view of the array with the same data
>>> np.copy(a) #Create a copy of the array
>>>h = a.copy() #Create a deep copy of the array
Sorting Arrays 
>>> a.sort() #Sort an array
>>> c.sort(axis=0) #Sort the elements of an array's axis

Subsetting, Slicing, Indexing
Subsetting

>>> a[2] #Select the element at the 2nd index
  3
>>> b[1,2] #Select the element at row 1 column 2(equivalent to b[1][2])
  6.0

Slicing


>>> a[0:2]#Select items at index 0 and 1
 array([1, 2])
>>> b[0:2,1] #Select items at rows 0 and 1 in column 1
  array([ 2.,5.])
>>> b[:1] 
#Select all items at row0(equivalent to b[0:1, :])
  array([[1.5, 2., 3.]])
 >>> c[1,...] #Same as[1,:,:]
 array([[[ 3., 2.,1.],[ 4.,5., 6.]]])
>>> a[ : : -1] #Reversed array a array([3, 2, 1])

Boolean Indexing

>>> a[a<2] #Select elements from a less than 2
 array([1])

Fancy Indexing

>>> b[[1,0,1, 0],[0,1, 2, 0]] #Select elements(1,0),(0,1),(1,2) and(0,0)
  array([ 4. , 2. , 6. ,1.5])
>>> b[[1,0,1, 0]][:,[0,1,2,0]] #Select a subset of the matrix’s rows and columns
 array([[ 4. ,5. , 6. , 4.],[1.5, 2. , 3. ,1.5],[ 4. ,5. , 6. , 4.],[1.5, 2. , 3. ,1.5]])

Array Manipulation
Transposing Array

>>> i = np.transpose(b) #Permute array dimensions
>>> i.T #Permute array dimensions

Changing Array Shape

>>> b.ravel() #Flatten the array
>>> g.reshape(3, -2) #Reshape, but don’t change data

Adding/Removing Elements

>>>h.resize((2,6)) #Return a new arraywith shape(2,6)
>>> np.append(h,g) #Append items to an array
>>> np.insert(a,1,5)  #Insert items in an array
>>> np.delete(a,[1])  #Delete items from an array

Combining Arrays

np.concatenate((a,d),axis=0) #Concatenate arrays
array([1, 2, 3, 10, 15, 20])

>>> np.vstack((a,b) #Stack arrays vertically(row wise)
 array([[1. , 2. , 3.],[1.5, 2. , 3.],[ 4. ,5. , 6. ]])
>>> np.r_[e,f] #Stack arrays vertically(row wise)
>>> np.hstack((e,f)) #Stack arrays horizontally(column wise)
 array([[7.,7.,1.,0.],[7.,7.,0.,1.]])
>>> np.column_stack((a,d)) #Create stacked column wise arrays
 array([[1, 10],[ 2, 15],[ 3, 20]])
>>> np.c_[a,d] #Create stacked column wise arrays
Splitting Arrays 

>>> np.hsplit(a,3) #Split the array horizontally at the 3rd index
  [array([1]),array([2]),array([3])]
>>> np.vsplit(c,2) #Split the array vertically at the 2nd index
  [array([[[ 1.5, 2. ,1.],[ 4. ,5. , 6. ]]]),
   array([[[ 3., 2., 3.],[ 4.,5., 6.]]])]

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Python os Module

Md Manawar Iqbal — Thu, 17 Nov 2022 05:56:01 +0000

It is possible to automatically perform many operating system tasks. The OS module in Python provides functions for creating and removing a directory (folder), fetching its contents, changing and identifying the current directory, etc.

You first need to import the os module to interact with the underlying operating system. So, import it using the import os statement before using its functions.

Getting Current Working Directory
The getcwd() function confirms returns the current working directory.

>>> import os
>>> os.getcwd()
'C:\\Python37'

Creating a Directory
We can create a new directory using the os.mkdir() function

>>> import os
>>> os.mkdir("C:\MyPythonProject")

Changing the Current Working Directory
We must first change the current working directory to a newly created one before doing any operations in it. This is done using the chdir() function.

>>> import os
>>> os.chdir("C:\MyPythonProject") # changing current workign directory
>>> os.getcwd()
'C:\MyPythonProject'

Removing a Directory
The rmdir() function in the OS module removes the specified directory either with an absolute or relative path.

>>> import os
>>> os.rmdir("C:\\MyPythonProject")

List Files and Sub-directories
The listdir() function returns the list of all files and directories in the specified directory.

>>> import os
>>> os.listdir("c:\python37")
['DLLs', 'Doc', 'fantasy-1.py', 'fantasy.db', 'fantasy.py', 'frame.py', 
'gridexample.py', 'include', 'Lib', 'libs', 'LICENSE.txt', 'listbox.py', 'NEWS.txt',
'place.py', 'players.db', 'python.exe', 'python3.dll', 'python36.dll', 'pythonw.exe', 
'sclst.py', 'Scripts', 'tcl', 'test.py', 'Tools', 'tooltip.py', 'vcruntime140.dll', 
'virat.jpg', 'virat.py']

Introduction to Data Analysis

Md Manawar Iqbal — Tue, 15 Nov 2022 14:51:08 +0000

What is Data analysis?
Data analysis is a process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions, and supporting decision-making.
Tools used in Data Analysis :
Auto-managed closed tools->
Qwiklabs, Tableau,Looker, Zoho Analytics
The programming language used: Python,R,Julia
Why Python for Data Analysis?
*-very simple and intuitive to learn.
-correct language
-powerful libraries

-free and open source
-Amazing community,docs, and conferences
**When to choose R language?
*- When R studio is needed
-When dealing with advanced statistical methods.
-When extreme performance is needed.
**Data analysis Process:
1:Data extraction->
SQL,Scrapping ,File format(CSV,JSON,XML),Consulting APIs,Buying Data,Distributed database
2:Data cleaning ->
• Missing values and
empty data
• Data imputation
• Incorrect types
Incorrect or invalid
values
• Outliers and non
relevant data
● Statistical sanitization

Data Wrangling->

Hierarchical Data
Handling categorical
data
Reshaping and
transforming
structures
Indexing data for
quick access
Merging,combining
and joining data
4:Analysis->
• Exploration
• Building statistical
models
• Visualization and
representations
. Correlation vs
Causation analysis
• Hypothesis testing
● Statistical analysis
• Reporting
5:Actions->
• Building Machine
Learning Models
Feature Engineering
• Moving ML into
production
• Building ETL
pipelines
• Live dashboard and
reporting
• Decision making
and real-life tests
**PYTHON ECOSYSTEM:
**The libraries we can use ...
pandas: The cornerstone of our Data Analysis job with Python
matplotlib:The foundational library for visualizations.Other libraries we'll use will be
built on top of matplotlib.
numpy:The numeric library that serves as the foundation of all calculations in Python.
seaborn:A statistical visualization tool built on top of matplotlib.
statsmodels:A library with many advanced statistical functions.
scipy:Advanced scientific computing, including functions for optimization,linear
algebra, image processing and much more.
scikit-learn:The most popular machine learning library for Python (not deep learning)

Top Sites for Education and Career Enhancement

Md Manawar Iqbal — Sun, 13 Nov 2022 09:35:39 +0000

➢ ► FREELANCING
➢(http://www.fiverr.com/
➢http://www.upwork.com/
➢http://www.odesk.com/
➢http://www.elance.com/
➢http://www.99designs.com/
➢http://www.freelancer.com/
➢http://www.guru.com/
➢http://www.peopleperhour.com/
➢http://www.freelanced.com/
➢http://www.ifreelance.com/

)
➢ ► CAREER
➢https://www.linkedin.com/
➢https://www.indeed.com/
➢https://www.naukri.com/
➢https://www.monster.com/
➢https://www.careercloud.com/
➢https://www.dice.com/
➢https://www.careerbuilder.com/
➢https://www.jibberjobber.com/
➢https://www.glassdoor.com/index.html

➢ ► RESUME
➢https://zety.com/
➢https://www.resumonk.com/
➢https://www.resume.com/
➢https://www.visualcv.com/
➢https://www.cvmaker.com/
➢https://resumup.com/
➢https://resumegenius.com/
➢https://www.resumebuilder.com/
➢http://www.resumebaker.com/
➢https://enhancv.com/

➢ ► INTERVIEW PREPARATION
➢https://www.ambitionbox.com/about-us
➢https://www.acetheinterview.com/
➢https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
➢https://leetcode.com/
➢http://www.gainlo.co/
➢https://careercup.com/
➢https://coder.com/careers
➢https://interviewup.blogspot.com/
➢https://www.livecareer.com/resources/inter
views/prep/interviewbest-blog
➢https://www.indiabix.com/

➢ ► FREE ONLINE EDUCATION
➢https://www.coursera.org/
➢https://www.edx.org/
➢https://www.khanacademy.org/
➢https://www.udemy.com/
➢MIT OpenCourseWare
(https://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm) (Free
Online Course Materials)
➢https://online.stanford.edu/
➢https://www.codecademy.com/
➢(https://github.com/pamoroso/free-python-books)
Learn Python for free

GIT interview Questions

Md Manawar Iqbal — Thu, 10 Nov 2022 21:27:23 +0000

What is GIT?
GIT is a distributed version control system and source code management (SCM) system
with an emphasis to handle small and large projects with speed and efficiency.
What is Distributed Control System?
We work in our local machine and later we transfer the code to Centralized repository
(GitHub). We don’t need to connect to centralized repository to work.
What is GIT version control?
• GIT version control allows you to track the history of a collection of files (code files).
• It supports creating different versions of file collection. Each version captures a
snapshot of the files at a certain point of time and You can revert the collection of
files using the snapshot. (You can develop the code in different versions of java. and
you can merge in Git)
• VCS allows you to switch between these versions. These versions are stored in a
specific place, typically called as repository. (You can switch between different
versions of java in between development process)
What is difference between SVN and Git?
SVN GIT
SVN is centralized repository, that means
directly we involved in the centralized
repository.
Git is distributed repository, first we are
working in our laptop after that we are
transferring the code from our laptop to
centralized repository. Git have three
phases the phases are work space,
staging/index, local repo.
We working on SVN means if we are facing
any networking issue we can’t work on SVN
because of we are directly involve into the
centralized repository.
In git we are doing in local systems only so
no need to internet connection, when
pushing the code from our system to
centralized repository at that time we need
network connection. Without network also,
we can do some work.
Developed directly interact with the
centralized repository.
Developers not directly interact with the
Centralized repository.
What is a repository in GIT?
A Git repository contains the history of a files.
How can we add modified/updated/edited files to the staging area and commit then
at the same time?

git commit -a -m "Do Something once more"
How to edit an incorrect commit message in Git? Or How can you fix a broken
commit?

git commit --amend -m "This is your new Git Message"
How to get back a commit to staging area?

git reset --soft
How to get back a file from staging area to working area?

git reset head
How to get back a commit to work area?

git reset --mixed
What is git reset?
Reset the current HEAD state to specific state.
What is ‘head’ in git and how many heads can be created in a repository?
A ‘head’ is simply a reference to a commit object. In every repository, there is a default
head referred as “Master”. A repository can contain any number of heads.
What is .gitignore file?
Keep the files names in .gitignore then that files not add and commit, just skip that files
while adding and committing.
How to see the difference between 2 commits?

git diff ..
when file have staging area or file have committed if file is deleted in local repository
unfortunately how to get back that file to staging area?

git checkout --
How to create a branch?

git branch
How to checkout to branch?

git checkout
How to create branch while checkout?

git checkout -b
How do you rename the local branch?

git branch -m
How to see the branch list?

git branch
How to see the remote branch list?

git branch -r

Or

git remote show origin
How to see the local and remote branch list?

git branch -a
How to delete a branch?

git branch -d

Or

git branch -D
How to delete a Remote Branch?

git push origin -d
How to see the difference between 2 branches

git diff ..
What is git push?
git push is to push commits from your local repository to a remote repository.
How do you push the files to master branch in remote repo?

git push (you must be in master branch)
How do you push files from local to particular branch in remote repo?

git push origin

(or)

git push --set-upstream
How to push new branch and its data to remote repository?

git push

(or)

git push --set-upstream
What is git pull?
Git pull downloads and merges a ‘branch data’ from remote repository to local repository.
It may also lead to ‘merge conflicts’ if your local changes are not yet committed. Use ‘git
stash’ command to Hide your local changes before git pull.

git pull (git fetch + git merge.)
How do you pull a file from particular remote branch?

git pull origin
How do you download a remote branch to local without merge?

git fetch origin

git checkout
What is git Fetch?
git fetch is only downloads new data from a remote repository, but it doesn’t integrate
any of the downloaded data into your working files. All it does is provide a view of this
data.

git fetch

git fetch origin
What is difference between git clone & git pull?
• If you want to download whole existing repository than use Git Clone.
• If you have already repository but you want to take new updates of existing
repository than use git pull command.
What is git merge?
Git merge is used to combine two branches.

git merge

Note: you should be in target branch. Then run the command
What is git conflict? What is the scenario you will get git conflict error?
For example, if you and another person both edited the same file on the same lines in
different branches of the same Git repository, you'll get a merge conflict error when you
try to merge these branches. You must resolve this merge conflict with a new commit
before you can merge these branches.
How do you resolve merge conflict?
Will inform the developers regarding this merge conflict. They will change the code and
inform us. edit the files to fix the conflicting changes and then add & commit.
How do you skip from merge conflict?

git merge --abort
What is the function of ‘git rm’?
To remove the file from the work area/staging area and also from your disk ‘git rm’ is
used. You can revert a deleted file.
if it is deleted using ‘git rm’. If you deleted a file ‘rm’ command then you can’t get it.
How will you know in GIT if a branch has been already merged into master?
git branch -merged It lists the branches that have been merged into the current branch.
git branch -no-merged It lists the branches that have not been merged.
What is branching? What is the purpose of branching in GIT?
Git supports branching which means that you can work on different versions of your
collection of files. A branch allows the user to switch between these versions so that he
can work on different changes independently from each other.
What is the criteria u merge two branches?
We have developed one module in one branch and another module in another branch.
After the development, based on the requirement we do merge these two branches.
Or One branch is development branch, another branch is test branch.
Describe branching strategy you have used?
Feature branching
A feature branch model keeps all of the changes for a particular feature inside of a branch.
When the feature is fully tested and validated by automated tests, the branch is then
merged into master.
Task branching
In this model each task is implemented on its own branch with the task key included in the
branch name. It is easy to see which code implements which task, just look for the task key
in the branch name.
Release branching
Once the develop branch has acquired enough features for a release, you can clone that
branch to form a Release branch. Creating this branch starts the next release cycle, so no
new features can be added after this point, only bug fixes, documentation generation, and
other release-oriented tasks should go in this branch. Once it is ready to ship, the release
gets merged into master and tagged with a version number. In addition, it should be merged
back into develop branch, which may have progressed since the release was initiated.
What is git stash?
Stashing takes the Temporary stored state of your working directory.

git stash save "" ------> to store the data into stash

git stash list ------> to see the stash list

git stash apply ------> to copy the data into branches

git stash pop ------> to move the data into branches

git stash drop ------> to delete the particular stash

git stash clear ------> delete the entire stash list
When we use git Stash?
• If you are checking out from one branch to another branch but you have
uncommitted file that you don't want to move then keep that file in stash area.
• When you are merging two branches and you don't want some files to merge, then
we move that files to stash area.
• When you are pulling (fetch + merge) a branch/file and you don't want some files to
merge, then we move that files to stash area.
What is another option for merging in git?

git rebasing command is an alternative to merging in git.
What is difference between git merge and git rebase?
• git merge applies all unique commits from branch A into branch B in one commit with
final result.
• git rebase gets all unique commits from both branches and applies them one by one.
• git merge doesn’t rewrite commit history, just adds one new commit
• git rebase rewrites commit history but doesn’t create extra commit for merging
How do you undo the last commit?

git revert
How to Change the URL for a remote Git repository?

git remote set-url origin git://this.is.new.url
What is pull request?
Take some changes from a particular branch and bring them into another branch.59. Why GIT better than Subversion (SVN)?
Git is an opensource version control system; it will allow you to run ‘version' of a project.
Multiple developers can check out, and upload changes and each change can then be
attributed to a specific developer.
How to Lock a branch? why we need to lock a branch?
• On GitHub, navigate to the main page of the repository.
• Under your repository name, click Settings.
• In the left menu, click Branches.
• Select the branch you want to mark protected using the drop-down menu.
• Select Protect this branch.
How to delete Repository in GitHub?
• On GitHub, navigate to the main page of the repository.
• Under your repository name, click Settings.
• Scroll to the bottom of the page and you will find Delete this repository button
• When you click on that button, another pop up will appear, here you need to type in
the name of your repository name and click on the button bellow which says: I
understand the consequences, delete the repository.
how to give an access to a specific person to repository?
You can invite users to become collaborators to your personal repository.
• Under your repository name, click Settings.
• In the left sidebar, click Collaborators.
• Under "Collaborators", start typing the collaborator's username.
• Select the collaborator's username from the drop-down menu.
• Click Add collaborator.
• The user will receive an email inviting them to the repository. Once they accept your
invitation, they will have collaborator access to your repository.

Python Cheat Sheet 1

Md Manawar Iqbal — Wed, 16 Mar 2022 11:59:07 +0000

Here is list of some important Python code snippet

Python Cheat Sheet 1

1:Check python version:

import sys
print("Python version")
print (sys.version)
print("Version info.")
print (sys.version_info)

2:Current Date and Time:

import datetime
now = datetime.datetime.now()
print ("Current date and time : ")
print (now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))

3:Print the documents of Python built-in function(s)

print(abs.__doc__)

4:Print the calendar of a given month and year

import calendar
y = int(input("Input the year : "))
m = int(input("Input the month : "))
print(calendar.month(y, m))

5:Create a histogram from a given list of integers

def histogram( items ):
    for n in items:
        output = ''
        times = n
        while( times > 0 ):
          output += '*'
          times = times - 1
        print(output)

histogram([2, 3, 6, 5])

6:Check whether a file exists using Python

import os.path
print(os.path.exists('main.txt'))
print(os.path.exists('main.py'))

7:Check whether Python shell is executing in 32bit or 64bit mode on OS

import platform, struct
print(platform.architecture()[0])
print(struct.calcsize("P") * 8)

7:Get OS name, platform and release information

import platform
import os
print("Name of the operating system:",os.name)
print("\nName of the OS system:",platform.system())
print("\nVersion of the operating system:",platform.release())

8:Locate Python site-packages

import site; 
print(site.getsitepackages())

9:Call an external command in Python

from subprocess import call
call(["ls", "-l"])

10:Get the path and name of the file that is currently executing

import os
print("Current File Name : ",os.path.realpath(__file__))

11:Find out the number of CPUs using

import multiprocessing
print(multiprocessing.cpu_count())

12:Determine profiling of Python programs

import cProfile
def sum():
    print(1+2)
cProfile.run('sum()')

13:Access environment variables

import os
# Access all environment variables 
print('*----------------------------------*')
print(os.environ)
print('*----------------------------------*')
# Access a particular environment variable 
print(os.environ['HOME'])
print('*----------------------------------*')
print(os.environ['PATH'])
print('*----------------------------------*')

14:Get the current username

import getpass
print(getpass.getuser())

15:Find local IP addresses using Python's stdlib
import socket

print([l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] 
if not ip.startswith("127.")][:1], [[(s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 53)), 
s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, 
socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) if l][0][0])

16:Get height and the width of console window
def terminal_size():
    import fcntl, termios, struct
    th, tw, hp, wp = struct.unpack('HHHH',
        fcntl.ioctl(0, termios.TIOCGWINSZ,
        struct.pack('HHHH', 0, 0, 0, 0)))
    return tw, th

print('Number of columns and Rows: ',terminal_size())

17:Get execution time

import time
def sum_of_n_numbers(n):
    start_time = time.time()
    s = 0
    for i in range(1,n+1):
        s = s + i
    end_time = time.time()
    return s,end_time-start_time

n = 5
print("\nTime to sum of 1 to ",n," and required time to calculate is :",sum_of_n_numbers(n))

18:Get the command-line arguments passed to a script

import sys
print("This is the name/path of the script:"),sys.argv[0]
print("Number of arguments:",len(sys.argv))
print("Argument List:",str(sys.argv))

19:Test whether the system is a big-endian platform or little-endian platform

import sys
print()
if sys.byteorder == "little":
    #intel, alpha
    print("Little-endian platform.")
else:
    #motorola, sparc
    print("Big-endian platform.")
print()

20:Get the ASCII value of a character

print()
print(ord('a'))
print(ord('A'))
print(ord('1'))
print(ord('@'))
print()

21:Create a copy of its own source code

def file_copy(src, dest):
    with open(src) as f, open(dest, 'w') as d:
        d.write(f.read())
        file_copy("untitled0.py", "z.py")
        with open('z.py', 'r') as filehandle:
            for line in filehandle:
                print(line, end = '')

22:Get the system time:

import time
print()
print(time.ctime())
print()

23:Get the name of the host on which the routine is running

import socket
host_name = socket.gethostname()
print("Host name:", host_name)

24:Convert an integer to binary keep leading zeros

x = 12
print(format(x, '08b'))
print(format(x, '010b'))

25:Convert decimal to hexadecimal:

x = 30
print(format(x, '02x'))
x = 4
print(format(x, '02x'))

DEV Community: Md Manawar Iqbal

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GIT interview Questions

git commit -a -m "Do Something once more"

git commit --amend -m "This is your new Git Message"

git reset --soft

git reset head

git reset --mixed

git diff ..

git checkout --

git branch

git checkout

git checkout -b

git branch -m

git branch

git branch -r

git remote show origin

git branch -a

git branch -d

git branch -D

git push origin -d

git diff ..

git push (you must be in master branch)

git push origin

git push --set-upstream

git push

git push --set-upstream

git pull (git fetch + git merge.)

git pull origin

git fetch origin

git checkout

git fetch

git fetch origin

git merge

git merge --abort

git stash save "" ------> to store the data into stash

git stash list ------> to see the stash list

git stash apply ------> to copy the data into branches

git stash pop ------> to move the data into branches

git stash drop ------> to delete the particular stash

git stash clear ------> delete the entire stash list

git rebasing command is an alternative to merging in git.

git revert

git remote set-url origin git://this.is.new.url

Python Cheat Sheet 1