AI Virtual Doctor: From Prompt Engineering to Agentic Workflows

Mannan Loomba — Mon, 08 Dec 2025 17:59:58 +0000

This is a submission for the Google AI Agents Writing Challenge: Learning Reflections

The 5-Day AI Agents Intensive Course with Google and Kaggle was a life-changing event. Prior to this course, I thought of Large Language Models (LLMs) mainly as advanced chatbots—tools for producing code or text. But delving deeply into multi-agent orchestration, tool use, and agentic workflows completely changed my viewpoint. I came to see that AI's future will involve doing things rather than just saying things.
I created the intelligent multi-agent healthcare assistant AI Virtual Doctor for my capstone project. It is intended to provide immediate, round-the-clock preliminary medical triage.
The Problem: Millions worldwide face barriers to timely medical advice—long wait times, limited availability, and high costs.
The Solution: An AI system that employs specialized agents to provide evidence-based preliminary assessments, visual diagnostics for skin conditions, and longitudinal health tracking.

Key Concepts / Technical Deep Dive

1. Multi-Agent Architecture

Instead of a single "do-it-all" prompt, I implemented a collaborative multi-agent architecture. In healthcare, you have specialists; my system reflects that.

graph TB
    User --> Orchestrator
    Orchestrator --> SymptomAgent
    Orchestrator --> VisionAgent
    Orchestrator --> ChatAgent
    SymptomAgent --> DiagnosisAgent
    DiagnosisAgent --> TreatmentAgent
    VisionAgent --> VisionTool
    ChatAgent --> GeminiAPI

Symptom Agent: Extracts structured data from natural language.
Diagnosis Agent: Uses medical knowledge to form hypotheses.
Vision Agent: Analyzes medical images using computer vision.
Triage Agent: Strictly assesses urgency for safety. ### 2. Tools & "Vision" The course emphasized that agents need tools. My Vision Agent uses a custom Python tool (using PIL/NumPy) to calculate a "Redness Index" (2*R - G - B) from skin images. This gives the agent objective data to track healing progress over time, rather than just hallucinating a description. ### 3. Memory & Persistence A doctor needs to know your history. I built a MemoryService that persists conversation state and image analysis results. This allows the system to detect trends (e.g., "Your inflammation has decreased by 20% since yesterday"). ### 4. Hybrid Intelligence Pure LLMs can hallucinate. My system uses a Hybrid Approach, combining the creative reasoning of Gemini 1.5 Pro with a deterministic Medical Knowledge Base. This ensures critical triage decisions are safe and grounded in protocol. ## Reflections & Takeaways The AI Agents Intensive Course moved me from "prompt engineering" to "agent engineering." I learned that:
Specialization beats Generalization: Small, focused agents perform better than one massive prompt.
Context is King: Memory and state management are what turn a chatbot into a true assistant.
Safety First: In domains like healthcare, hybrid systems (Rules + AI) are essential. Building AI Virtual Doctor showed me that with the right architecture, we can build systems that are not only intelligent but also safe, helpful, and deeply impactful. I'm excited to continue exploring the frontier of agentic AI!

DEV Community: Mannan Loomba

AI Virtual Doctor: From Prompt Engineering to Agentic Workflows

Key Concepts / Technical Deep Dive

1. Multi-Agent Architecture