DEV Community: Manoranjan

Use the right CSS Units

Manoranjan — Fri, 24 Feb 2023 14:15:11 +0000

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a powerful styling language used for creating visually appealing and responsive websites. One of the most important aspects of CSS is the use of units, which allow developers to define the size and position of elements on a webpage. In this article, we will explore the different types of CSS units and provide some tips on how to use them correctly.

Pixel (px)

Pixel is the most commonly used unit of measurement in CSS. It represents a single dot on a screen and is used to define the exact size of an element. While pixels provide precise control over element size, they do not scale well across different devices and screen sizes.

Percentage (%)

Percentage units are relative to the size of the parent element. For example, if you set the width of an element to 50%, it will be half the size of its parent element. This makes percentage units ideal for creating responsive designs that adapt to different screen sizes.

em and rem

Em and rem are relative units that are based on the font size of the element. Em is relative to the font size of the parent element, while rem is relative to the font size of the root element (usually the html element). These units are useful for creating scalable designs that adapt to changes in font size.

Viewport units (vw and vh)

Viewport units are based on the size of the browser window and are expressed as a percentage of the viewport width (vw) or viewport height (vh). These units are ideal for creating responsive designs that adjust to different screen sizes.

Absolute units (in, cm, mm, pt, pc)

Absolute units are fixed units of measurement that are not dependent on the size of the viewport or parent element. They are commonly used for print stylesheets or in situations where precise control over element size is required.

Tips for Using CSS Units Correctly:

Use relative units for responsive design: Relative units like percentage, em, and rem are ideal for creating responsive designs that adapt to different screen sizes.
Consider using viewport units: Viewport units (vw and vh) are a great way to create elements that are proportional to the size of the browser window.
Use pixel units sparingly: While pixels provide precise control over element size, they do not scale well across different devices and screen sizes.
Use absolute units for print stylesheets: Absolute units like in, cm, mm, pt, and pc are commonly used for print stylesheets or situations where precise control over element size is required.
Avoid using too many different units: Using too many different units in your CSS code can make it harder to maintain and debug. Try to stick to a consistent set of units throughout your stylesheet.

All About ChatGPT

Manoranjan — Thu, 23 Feb 2023 14:38:50 +0000

ChatGPT is an advanced artificial intelligence language model that was developed by OpenAI. It is considered one of the most powerful and sophisticated language models in the world, with the ability to understand and generate human-like language. In this article, we will take a closer look at what ChatGPT is, how it works, and its potential applications.

What is ChatGPT?

ChatGPT stands for "Chat Generative Pre-training Transformer." It is an advanced language model that is based on the transformer architecture, which was first introduced by Google in 2017. The transformer architecture is a neural network that uses self-attention mechanisms to process input data, allowing it to understand the context and meaning of text.

ChatGPT takes this architecture to the next level, using a technique called "pre-training" to improve its language generation capabilities. Pre-training involves training the model on a large corpus of text data, such as books, articles, and other written content, to help it understand the nuances of language and grammar.

How does ChatGPT work?

ChatGPT works by analyzing text inputs and generating responses based on what it has learned from its pre-training. When a user inputs a question or statement, ChatGPT uses its self-attention mechanisms to process the input and generate a response that is based on the context and meaning of the text.

The model is designed to continuously learn and improve its language generation capabilities over time, allowing it to generate more accurate and nuanced responses. This is achieved through a process called "fine-tuning," which involves training the model on specific tasks, such as language translation or sentiment analysis, to improve its performance.

What are the potential applications of ChatGPT?

ChatGPT has a wide range of potential applications across various industries and fields. Some of the most common applications include:

Customer service: ChatGPT can be used to create chatbots and virtual assistants that can handle customer inquiries and provide personalized support.

Content creation: ChatGPT can be used to generate high-quality content for websites, social media, and other digital platforms.

Language translation: ChatGPT can be used to translate text from one language to another, providing a more accurate and nuanced translation than traditional translation tools.

Education: ChatGPT can be used to create interactive learning experiences that provide personalized feedback and support to students.

Healthcare: ChatGPT can be used to analyze patient data and provide personalized recommendations for treatment and care.

Overall, ChatGPT represents a significant advancement in the field of natural language processing and has the potential to transform the way we communicate and interact with technology. As the technology continues to evolve, we can expect to see even more exciting applications and use cases emerge in the years to come.

How to execute your first .robot file.

Manoranjan — Tue, 28 Jun 2022 15:23:22 +0000

Robot Framework is a generic open source automation framework. It can be used for test automation and robotic process automation (RPA). It can be integrated with virtually any other tool to create powerful and flexible automation solutions.

Robot Framework has an easy syntax, utilizing human-readable keywords. Its capabilities can be extended by libraries implemented with Python, Java or many other programming languages.

pre-requisites - you need to have python installed.

step-1: install robotframework

pip install robotframework

after executing this command verify the robotframework installation

robot --version
or 
pip list

step-2 : install SeleniumLibrary

pip install robotframework-seleniumlibrary

Step-3 : you still need to install browser drivers separately.

Goto the following link  
https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/docs/api/py/index.html#drivers
and download necessary drivers unzip and place it PATH,
or you can place inside python folder
Ex: C:\Program Files\Python-38\Scripts

Step-4: Open your favorite IDE or simply nodepad & copy the below code & save as tc1.robot

*** Settings ***
Library           SeleniumLibrary

*** Test Cases ***
My first robot file 
    Log To Console     Hello Robot World..!
    Open Browser https://www.google.co.in/ chrome

Step-5: Open the terminal & execute the file 🚀

python -m robot tc1.robot

congratulation..!! you have executed your first robot file 🙌

A Guide To Flexbox

Manoranjan — Mon, 27 Jun 2022 14:17:53 +0000

Flexbox is a true revolution in CSS completely changes the way that we build one-dimensional layouts, it makes easy to align elements to one another, in different directions and orders.

When elements are laid out as flex items, they are laid out along two axes:

The main axis is the axis running in the direction the flex items are laid out, The default direction is horizontal left to right.
The cross axis is the axis running perpendicular to the direction the flex items are laid out in.
The parent element that has display: flex is called the flex container.
The items laid out as flexible boxes inside the flex container are called flex items

Flexbox Container Properties

display: It enables a flex context for all its direct children.

.container {
  display: flex;
}

flex-direction: It enables a flex container to by laid out in horizontal left to right or vertical top to bottom

.container {
  flex-direction: row | row-reverse | column | column-reverse;
}

/*
row (default): left to right.
row-reverse: right to left.
column: top to bottom.
column-reverse: bottom to top.
*/

flex-wrap: By default, flex items will all try to fit onto one line. You can change that and allow the items to wrap as needed with this property.

.container {
  flex-wrap: nowrap | wrap | wrap-reverse;
}

/*
nowrap (default): all flex items will be on one line
wrap: flex items will wrap onto multiple lines, from top to bottom.
wrap-reverse: flex items will wrap onto multiple lines from bottom to top.
*/

justify-content: controls where the flex items sit on the main axis.

.container {
  justify-content: flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around | space-evenly;
}

/*
flex-start (default): items are packed toward the start of the flex-direction.

flex-end: items are packed toward the end of the flex-direction.

center: items are centered along the line.

space-between: items are evenly distributed in the line; first item is on the start line, last item on the end line.

space-around: items are evenly distributed in the line with equal space around them. 

space-evenly: items are distributed so that the spacing between any two items (and the space to the edges) is equal.
*/

align-items: controls where the flex items sit on the cross axis.

.container {
  align-items: stretch | flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline;
}

/*
stretch (default): stretch to fill the container.

flex-start: items are placed at the start of the cross axis.

flex-end: items are placed at the end of the cross axis.

center: items are centered in the cross-axis.

baseline: items are aligned such as their baselines align.
*/

align-content: This aligns a flex container’s lines within when there is extra space in the cross-axis, similar to how justify-content aligns individual items within the main-axis.

.container {
  align-content: flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around | space-evenly;
}

/* similar to justify content */

gap: controls the space between flex items.

.container {
  display: flex;
  ...
  gap: 10px;
  row-gap: 10px;
  column-gap: 10px;
}

/*
row-gap: explicitly controls the space between rows.

column-gap: explicitly controls the space between column.
*/