DEV Community: Kerimova_Manzura

Task Manager (To-Do List).

Kerimova_Manzura — Fri, 20 Sep 2024 14:16:33 +0000

Simple To-Do List App in C

This app allows users to add tasks, view their list, mark tasks as completed, and delete tasks. It's a great project for beginners to practice basic C# concepts.

Key Components of the Code

Namespaces:
- using System; and using System.Collections.Generic; are included to use basic features and collections like lists.
Main Class:
- The Program class contains all the logic for our application.
Task List:
- We use a List<Task> to store our tasks. This allows dynamic addition and removal of tasks.
Main Loop:
- A while loop keeps the application running until the user chooses to exit. It clears the console and presents a menu of options.
Adding Tasks:
- The AddTask method prompts the user to enter a task description, which is then added to the list.
Displaying Tasks:
- The ShowTasks method shows all tasks with their completion status. If there are no tasks, it informs the user.
Marking Tasks as Completed:
- In MarkTaskAsDone, the user selects a task by number, and it is marked as completed.
Deleting Tasks:
- The DeleteTask method allows users to remove a task from the list by selecting its number.
Task Class:
- The Task class holds the description and status (completed or not) of a task.

Sample Code

Here’s a simplified version of the code:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace TodoListApp
{
    class Program
    {
        static List<Task> tasks = new List<Task>();

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            bool exit = false;

            while (!exit)
            {
                Console.Clear();
                Console.WriteLine("Task Manager");
                Console.WriteLine("1. Add a task");
                Console.WriteLine("2. Show task list");
                Console.WriteLine("3. Mark task as completed");
                Console.WriteLine("4. Delete a task");
                Console.WriteLine("5. Exit");

                string input = Console.ReadLine();

                switch (input)
                {
                    case "1": AddTask(); break;
                    case "2": ShowTasks(); break;
                    case "3": MarkTaskAsDone(); break;
                    case "4": DeleteTask(); break;
                    case "5": exit = true; break;
                    default: Console.WriteLine("Invalid input. Try again."); break;
                }
            }
        }

        // Other methods (AddTask, ShowTasks, MarkTaskAsDone, DeleteTask) go here...
    }

    class Task
    {
        public string Description { get; }
        public bool IsDone { get; set; }

        public Task(string description)
        {
            Description = description;
            IsDone = false;
        }
    }
}

Conclusion

This simple To-Do List application is an excellent way to practice your C# skills. You can extend its functionality by adding features like saving tasks to a file or categorizing tasks. Enjoy coding!

🔹Jagged Arrays in C#

Kerimova_Manzura — Tue, 10 Sep 2024 14:37:58 +0000

🧠 What is a Jagged Array?

A jagged array is an array of arrays, where each "row" (inner array) can have a different length.

It's like a table where each row has a different number of columns.

🧾 Think of it as:

int[][] jaggedArray;

✅ Each element of a jagged array is an array itself!

🧩 Syntax

// Declare a jagged array with 3 rows
int[][] jagged = new int[3][];

// Initialize each row with different sizes
jagged[0] = new int[2];  // 2 elements
jagged[1] = new int[4];  // 4 elements
jagged[2] = new int[1];  // 1 element

📦 Assigning Values

jagged[0][0] = 10;
jagged[0][1] = 20;

jagged[1][0] = 30;
jagged[1][1] = 40;
jagged[1][2] = 50;
jagged[1][3] = 60;

jagged[2][0] = 70;

🔍 Full Example: Declaring, Initializing, and Printing

using System;

class Program {
    static void Main() {
        int[][] jagged = new int[3][];

        jagged[0] = new int[] { 1, 2 };
        jagged[1] = new int[] { 3, 4, 5, 6 };
        jagged[2] = new int[] { 7 };

        for (int i = 0; i < jagged.Length; i++) {
            Console.Write("Row " + i + ": ");
            for (int j = 0; j < jagged[i].Length; j++) {
                Console.Write(jagged[i][j] + " ");
            }
            Console.WriteLine();
        }
    }
}

✅ Output:

Row 0: 1 2 
Row 1: 3 4 5 6 
Row 2: 7

🔄 Jagged vs. Multidimensional Arrays

Jagged Array	Multidimensional Array
Rows can have different lengths	All rows must have the same length
More flexible memory-wise	Simple matrix-style structure
`int[][] jagged;`	`int[,] matrix;`

🧠 Use Cases

Jagged arrays are useful when:

Data is irregular (e.g., a school with classes of different sizes)
You want to save memory by not allocating uniform size

📒 Building a Simple Contact Book in C# – A Step-by-Step Guide

Kerimova_Manzura — Fri, 23 Aug 2024 13:55:22 +0000

Managing contacts is a fundamental part of many applications. Whether you're organizing your friends, family, or work-related connections, having a simple system to store and manage contact information is essential.

In this tutorial, we’ll build a console-based Contact Book in C# from scratch. This project is perfect for beginners and covers important concepts such as:

✅ Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
✅ Enums and Structs
✅ Working with Lists
✅ Implementing CRUD operations
✅ Interactive Console UI

🧱 Application Overview

Our application will include the following key components:

enum ContactType — To classify the type of contact (Friend, Family, etc.)
struct Contact — To define the structure of a contact
class AddressBook — To manage the contact list and operations
Main method — A console-based UI to interact with users

Let’s break it down step-by-step.

1️⃣ Contact Type Enum

This enum helps categorize each contact into meaningful groups.

enum ContactType
{
    Friend,
    Family,
    Professional,
    Other
}

2️⃣ Contact Struct

We define each contact using a simple struct that includes the contact's name, address, phone number, and type.

struct Contact
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Address { get; set; }
    public string PhoneNumber { get; set; }
    public ContactType Type { get; set; }

    public Contact(string name, string address, string phoneNumber, ContactType type)
    {
        Name = name;
        Address = address;
        PhoneNumber = phoneNumber;
        Type = type;
    }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return $\"Name: {Name}\\nAddress: {Address}\\nPhone: {PhoneNumber}\\nType: {Type}\\n\";
    }
}

3️⃣ Address Book Class

This class manages a collection of contacts and provides methods for:

Adding new contacts
Editing existing contacts
Deleting contacts
Displaying all contacts
Filtering contacts by type

class AddressBook
{
    private List<Contact> contacts = new();

    public void AddContact(Contact contact) { ... }
    public void EditContact(string name, Contact updatedContact) { ... }
    public void DeleteContact(string name) { ... }
    public void ShowAllContacts() { ... }
    public void FilterContactsByType(ContactType type) { ... }
}

💡 Tip: We use List<Contact> for dynamic contact management and LINQ for filtering.

4️⃣ Console UI (Main Method)

We use a simple loop-driven console menu for user interaction. Here, users can perform all available operations step-by-step.

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        AddressBook addressBook = new AddressBook();

        while (true)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(\"\\n📒 Contact Book Menu:\");
            Console.WriteLine(\"1. ➕ Add Contact\");
            Console.WriteLine(\"2. 📃 Show All Contacts\");
            Console.WriteLine(\"3. ✏️ Edit Contact\");
            Console.WriteLine(\"4. 🗑️ Delete Contact\");
            Console.WriteLine(\"5. 🔍 Filter Contacts by Type\");
            Console.WriteLine(\"6. ❌ Exit\");
            Console.Write(\"Choose an option (1-6): \");

            string choice = Console.ReadLine();
            // Logic for each menu option goes here...
        }
    }
}

🔍 Sample Output (Console UI)

📒 Contact Book Menu:
1. ➕ Add Contact
2. 📃 Show All Contacts
3. ✏️ Edit Contact
4. 🗑️ Delete Contact
5. 🔍 Filter Contacts by Type
6. ❌ Exit
Choose an option (1-6):

🚀 What You’ll Learn

By completing this project, you will gain practical experience with:

Structs and Enums
Collections (List<T>)
LINQ filtering
Input validation
Console application architecture

🌱 What’s Next?

Here are a few ideas to improve or expand the project:

📝 Save contacts to a file (JSON or CSV)
🔍 Add search functionality
🖼️ Build a GUI version using Windows Forms or WPF
🌐 Create a web version using ASP.NET

✅ Final Thoughts

This project is an excellent way to get hands-on with the fundamentals of C# and real-world coding patterns. It’s simple enough for beginners but flexible enough to grow into something more powerful.

Ready to level up? Try building the same app with a GUI or save/load data to disk!

🎨 C# tilida Kommentlar: Kodni tushunarli qilishning kaliti

Kerimova_Manzura — Mon, 19 Aug 2024 14:16:27 +0000

Kod faqat kompyuter uchun emas — insonlar uchun ham yoziladi. Shuning uchun kommentlar (izohlar) dasturchilar hayotida muhim o‘rin tutadi. Ular yordamida kod nima qilayotganini tushunish, tahlil qilish va boshqalarga tushuntirish osonlashadi.

📌 Komment turlari

C# tilida ikki asosiy turdagi komment mavjud:

1️⃣ Bir qatorli komment — `//`

Bu turdagi izohlar faqat bir qatorga yoziladi.

// Bu bir qatorli izoh
Console.WriteLine("Salom, dunyo!"); // Bu yerda ham izoh bor

📎 Foydalanish maqsadi: oddiy tushuntirishlar, tezkor eslatmalar.

2️⃣ Ko‘p qatorli komment — `/* ... */`

Bu izoh bir nechta qatordan iborat bo‘lishi mumkin.

/* Bu ko‘p qatorli izoh.
   Bir necha qatorli tushuntirishlar uchun ishlatiladi. */
Console.WriteLine("Bu kod izohdan keyin bajariladi");

📎 Foydalanish maqsadi: uzunroq izohlar, vaqtincha kodni yashirish.

🎯 Kommentlar nima uchun kerak?

Kommentlar quyidagi sabablarga ko‘ra ishlatiladi:

✔️ Kodingizni tushunarli qilish
✔️ O‘zingizga yoki boshqalarga eslatma qoldirish
✔️ Xatoliklarni topishni osonlashtirish
✔️ Vaqtinchalik kodni “o‘chirib qo‘yish”
✔️ Jamoa bilan ishlaganda aniqlik yaratish

🛠 Misol bilan tushunamiz

using System;

class Dastur
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // Foydalanuvchidan ismni olish
        Console.Write("Ismingizni kiriting: ");
        string ism = Console.ReadLine();

        /* Quyidagi satr foydalanuvchini salomlaydi */
        Console.WriteLine("Salom, " + ism + "!");
    }
}

💡 Kichik maslahatlar

🔹 Har bir murakkab funksiyadan oldin izoh yozing
🔹 Tushunarli nomlar bilan birga qisqa izohlar ham kiriting
🔹 Juda ko‘p va keraksiz izohlardan saqlaning — ortiqcha bo‘lishi ham zarar

✅ Xulosa

Kommentlar — koddagi fikrlaringizni ifodalash vositasi. Ular kodni faqat ishlaydigan emas, tushunarli va muloqotga ochiq qiladi. Har bir yaxshi dasturchi izoh yozishni odat qiladi.

C# number guessing game.

Kerimova_Manzura — Mon, 29 Jul 2024 14:42:07 +0000

Let's create a number guessing game.


class NumberGuessingGame
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Random random = new Random();
        int targetNumber = random.Next(1, 101); // Generates a random number between 1 and 100
        int guess = 0;
        int attempts = 0;

        Console.WriteLine("Welcome to the 'Guess the Number' game!");
        Console.WriteLine("I have chosen a number between 1 and 100. Try to guess it!");

        while (guess != targetNumber)
        {
            Console.Write("Enter your guess: ");
            string input = Console.ReadLine();

            if (int.TryParse(input, out guess))
            {
                attempts++;
                if (guess < targetNumber)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("The number is higher.");
                }
                else if (guess > targetNumber)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("The number is lower.");
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"Congratulations! You guessed the number {targetNumber} in {attempts} attempts.");
                }
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Please enter a valid number.");
            }
        }
    }
}

That's the code for this game.
Now let me explain the whole code.

Generates a random number between 1 and 100.
Prompts the user to guess the number.
Provides hints if the guessed number is higher or lower than the target number.
Notifies the user of the number of attempts when the correct number is guessed.

Random Number Generation:

Random random = new Random(); creates a new instance of the Random class.
int targetNumber = random.Next(1, 101); generates a random integer between 1 and 100.

Initial Setup:
- int guess = 0; initializes the guess variable.
- int attempts = 0; initializes the attempts counter.
Welcome Messages:
- Console.WriteLine("Welcome to the 'Guess the Number' game!"); prints a welcome message.
- Console.WriteLine("I have chosen a number between 1 and 100. Try to guess it!"); prints instructions for the game.
Guessing Loop:
- The while loop continues until the user guesses the correct number (guess != targetNumber).
- Inside the loop, the user is prompted to enter a guess with Console.Write("Enter your guess: ");.
- The input is read using string input = Console.ReadLine();.
Input Validation and Feedback:
- if (int.TryParse(input, out guess)) checks if the input is a valid integer.
- If the input is valid, the number of attempts is incremented (attempts++;).
- The program then checks if the guess is less than, greater than, or equal to the target number and provides feedback accordingly:
  - Console.WriteLine("The number is higher."); if the guess is less than the target number.
  - Console.WriteLine("The number is lower."); if the guess is greater than the target number.
  - Console.WriteLine($"Congratulations! You guessed the number {targetNumber} in {attempts} attempts."); if the guess is correct.
- If the input is not valid, the user is prompted to enter a valid number with Console.WriteLine("Please enter a valid number.");.

C# Methods

Kerimova_Manzura — Sat, 27 Jul 2024 01:49:23 +0000

Hello, today I would like to tell you some necessary methods for programming.

First let's start with the method replace() Let's look at the code for this method.

var longString = "this ball is too big";
System.Console.WriteLine(longString.Replace("is", "IS"));

The replace() method is called Replace() and is used to replace text within a string. This method accepts two parameters: the first parameter is the string to be replaced, and the second parameter is the new string.

The second method is Join()

string[] words = { "apple", "banana", "cherry" };
string result = string.Join("+", words);
System.Console.WriteLine(result);

Join() metodi elementlar to‘plamini bitta qatorga birlashtirish uchun ishlatiladi. Bu metod odatda massivlar yoki ro‘yxatlar kabi kolleksiyalarga qo‘llaniladi. Join() metodi ikkita parametrni qabul qiladi: birinchi parametr elementlar orasiga qo‘shiladigan ajratgich (delimiter), ikkinchi parametr esa birlashtiriladigan elementlar to‘plami.

The third method is IndexOf()

IndexOf() - prints the address or index of the given text.

string text = "hello world!";
int index = text.IndexOf("o");
System.Console.WriteLine(index);

The IndexOf() method is used to find the index of an element in a string or collection. This method returns the first encountered location (index) of the found element. It returns -1 if the element is not found.

The next method is Remove()

string text = "Hello world!";
string result = text.Remove(5);
System.Console.WriteLine(result);

The remove() method is used to remove elements from a string or list. There are two main types of remove() methods: one for arrays and one for lists.

Fifth method *PadLeft() *

string text = "Hello";
string result = text.PadLeft(10);
System.Console.WriteLine(result);

Separates the given text by several spaces from the left.

The sixth method *PadRight() *

string text = "Hello";
string result = text.PadRight(10);
System.Console.WriteLine(result);

Separates the given text by a number of spaces from the right side.

seventh method LastIndexOf()

string text = "hello world!";
int index = text.LastIndexOf("o");
System.Console.WriteLine(index);

The LastIndexOf() method is used to find the last occurrence (index) of an element in a string or collection.

--> Contains the DateTime structure for working with dates and times in C#.
--> To work with dates and times in C#, create a DateTime structure object using the new keyword.

DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
System.Console.WriteLine(now);

Here it outputs the current time to seconds.

--> DateTime.Now - returns the current system time and date.
--> now - the variable holds the current date and time.

--> calculate the time difference.

DateTime start = new DateTime(2024, 1, 1);
DateTime end = new DateTime(2024, 7, 26);
TimeSpan difference = end - start;


System.Console.WriteLine($"Difference: {difference.Days} days");

--> *Difference.Days *- Returns the difference in days using a TimeSpan object.

--> Add and subtract dates.
--> add a day to the day.

DateTime today = DateTime.Today;
DateTime tomorrow = today.AddDays(1);

System.Console.WriteLine($"Today: {today.ToShortDateString()})");
System.Console.WriteLine($"Tomorrow: {tomorrow.ToShortDateString()})");

--> Date.Today - returns the current system date, but returns the time components as 00:00:00.
--> Today.AddDays(1) - adds days to the date and returns a new date.
--> Today.ToShortDateString() - will format the date as a string.
--> Today.ToLongDateString() - prints the date in full format.

I think I helped you with some methods.

"Tic Tac Toe" in C#.

Kerimova_Manzura — Thu, 18 Jul 2024 12:02:26 +0000

🎮 Console Tic Tac Toe Game in Csharp

using System;

class TicTacToe
{
    static char[] board = { '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9' };
    static int player = 1;
    static int choice;
    static int flag = 0; // 0: playing, 1: win, -1: draw

    static void Main()
    {
        do
        {
            Console.Clear();
            Console.WriteLine("🎮 TIC TAC TOE GAME");
            Console.WriteLine("Player 1: X    Player 2: O");
            Console.WriteLine();
            PrintBoard();

            player = (player % 2 == 0) ? 2 : 1;
            Console.Write($"Player {player}, enter a number (1-9): ");

            bool validInput = int.TryParse(Console.ReadLine(), out choice);
            if (!validInput || choice < 1 || choice > 9 || board[choice - 1] == 'X' || board[choice - 1] == 'O')
            {
                Console.WriteLine("❌ Invalid move! Press Enter to try again.");
                Console.ReadLine();
                continue;
            }

            board[choice - 1] = (player == 1) ? 'X' : 'O';
            flag = CheckWin();
            player++;
        }
        while (flag == 0);

        Console.Clear();
        PrintBoard();

        if (flag == 1)
            Console.WriteLine($"\n🏆 Player {(player % 2) + 1} wins!");
        else
            Console.WriteLine("\n🤝 It's a draw!");

        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    static void PrintBoard()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("     |     |     ");
        Console.WriteLine($"  {board[0]}  |  {board[1]}  |  {board[2]}");
        Console.WriteLine("_____|_____|_____");
        Console.WriteLine("     |     |     ");
        Console.WriteLine($"  {board[3]}  |  {board[4]}  |  {board[5]}");
        Console.WriteLine("_____|_____|_____");
        Console.WriteLine("     |     |     ");
        Console.WriteLine($"  {board[6]}  |  {board[7]}  |  {board[8]}");
        Console.WriteLine("     |     |     ");
    }

    static int CheckWin()
    {
        // Horizontal wins
        if (board[0] == board[1] && board[1] == board[2]) return 1;
        if (board[3] == board[4] && board[4] == board[5]) return 1;
        if (board[6] == board[7] && board[7] == board[8]) return 1;

        // Vertical wins
        if (board[0] == board[3] && board[3] == board[6]) return 1;
        if (board[1] == board[4] && board[4] == board[7]) return 1;
        if (board[2] == board[5] && board[5] == board[8]) return 1;

        // Diagonal wins
        if (board[0] == board[4] && board[4] == board[8]) return 1;
        if (board[2] == board[4] && board[4] == board[6]) return 1;

        // Check for draw
        bool allFilled = true;
        foreach (char c in board)
        {
            if (c != 'X' && c != 'O')
            {
                allFilled = false;
                break;
            }
        }

        return allFilled ? -1 : 0;
    }
}

✅ Features:

2-player mode
Input validation
Detects wins and draws
Clean console layout

💡 How to Run:

Copy the code into a .cs file (e.g., TicTacToe.cs).
Compile using a C# compiler:

   csc TicTacToe.cs

Run:

   TicTacToe.exe

Do you want:

a GUI version using Windows Forms or WPF?
or maybe a version with an AI opponent?

🧮 Basic Calculator in C++

Kerimova_Manzura — Wed, 17 Jul 2024 14:16:47 +0000

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    double num1, num2;
    char op;

    cout << "🧮 Simple Calculator in C++\n";
    cout << "---------------------------\n";

    // Input from user
    cout << "Enter first number: ";
    cin >> num1;

    cout << "Enter an operator (+, -, *, /): ";
    cin >> op;

    cout << "Enter second number: ";
    cin >> num2;

    cout << "---------------------------\n";

    // Operation handling
    switch(op) {
        case '+':
            cout << "Result: " << num1 + num2 << endl;
            break;
        case '-':
            cout << "Result: " << num1 - num2 << endl;
            break;
        case '*':
            cout << "Result: " << num1 * num2 << endl;
            break;
        case '/':
            if (num2 != 0)
                cout << "Result: " << num1 / num2 << endl;
            else
                cout << "❌ Error: Division by zero!" << endl;
            break;
        default:
            cout << "❌ Error: Invalid operator!" << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

✅ Features:

Supports: +, -, *, /
Input validation for division by zero
Clean and readable structure

🛠 How to Compile & Run:

Save the code in a file, e.g., calculator.cpp
Compile it with any C++ compiler:

   g++ calculator.cpp -o calculator

Run it:

   ./calculator

Would you like to extend this calculator with:

multiple operations (chained expressions)?
a GUI version (Qt or Windows)?
scientific functions (sin, cos, sqrt, etc)?

🔹 C++ dasturida funksiyalar nima?

Kerimova_Manzura — Mon, 15 Jul 2024 15:17:46 +0000

Funksiya — bu dasturda biror vazifani bajaradigan kod bo‘lagi. Masalan: qo‘shish, ayirish, yoki salomlashish.

📌 Funksiya qanday yoziladi?

tip funksiyaNomi(parametrlar)
{
    // kodlar
    return qiymat;  // agar kerak bo‘lsa
}

✅ Misol: Ikkita sonni qo‘shadigan funksiya

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Funksiya e'loni
int qoshish(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}

int main() {
    int x = 5, y = 3;
    int natija = qoshish(x, y); // funksiya chaqirilmoqda
    cout << "Natija: " << natija << endl;
    return 0;
}

🟢 Natija: 8

📌 Funktsiya turlari

Turi	Tavsif	Misol
`void`	Hech nima qaytarmaydi	`void salom() { cout << "Salom!"; }`
`int`, `double`, `char`, ...	Natija qaytaradi	`int kvadrat(int x) { return x * x; }`

📌 Parametrli va parametrsiz funksiyalar

✅ Parametrli

void salom(string ism) {
    cout << "Salom, " << ism << "!" << endl;
}

✅ Parametrsiz

void salom() {
    cout << "Salom, foydalanuvchi!" << endl;
}

📌 Funksiyani chaqirish

salom("Ali");  // ekranga "Salom, Ali!" chiqadi

📌 Misol: Max qiymatni topuvchi funksiya

int maksimum(int a, int b) {
    if (a > b)
        return a;
    else
        return b;
}

✅ Xulosa:

Funksiya kodni qisqa va tartibli qiladi
Bir xil kodni qayta-qayta yozish shart emas
Har bir funksiya bitta vazifani bajaradi

C++ Switch Statements

Kerimova_Manzura — Thu, 06 Apr 2023 04:16:42 +0000

C++ Switch Statements
Use the switch statement to select one of many code blocks to be executed.

switch(_expression_) {
  case x:
    _// code block_
    break;
  case y:
  _  // code block_
    break;
  default:
    _// code block_
}

This is how it works:

The switch expression is evaluated once
The value of the expression is compared with the values of each case
If there is a match, the associated block of code is executed
The break and default keywords are optional, and will be described later in this chapter

The example below uses the weekday number to calculate the weekday name:

int day = 4;
switch (day) {
  case 1:
    cout << "Monday";
    break;
  case 2:
    cout << "Tuesday";
    break;
  case 3:
    cout << "Wednesday";
    break;
  case 4:
    cout << "Thursday";
    break;
  case 5:
    cout << "Friday";
    break;
  case 6:
    cout << "Saturday";
    break;
  case 7:
    cout << "Sunday";
    break;
}
_// Outputs "Thursday" (day 4)_

The break Keyword

When C++ reaches a break keyword, it breaks out of the switch block.

This will stop the execution of more code and case testing inside the block.

When a match is found, and the job is done, it's time for a break. There is no need for more testing.

A break can save a lot of execution time because it "ignores" the execution of all the rest of the code in the switch block.

The default Keyword
The default keyword specifies some code to run if there is no case match:

int day = 4;
switch (day) {
  case 6:
    cout << "Today is Saturday";
    break;
  case 7:
    cout << "Today is Sunday";
    break;
  default:
    cout << "Looking forward to the Weekend";
}
_// Outputs "Looking forward to the Weekend"_

The switch statement transfers control to one of the labeled-statements in its body, depending on the value of condition .

Condition must be of integer type or be a class type that has a one-to-one conversion to integral type. Integer promotion is performed as described in Standard Conversions.

The body of a switch statement consists of a series of case labels and an opt label ional default . The labeled-statementis one of these labels and the following statements. Labeled statements are not syntactic requirements, but a switch statement without them is meaningless. No two constant-expression values in case statements can have the same value. The default label can only appear once. The default statement is often placed at the end, but it can appear anywhere in the text of a switch statement. A case or default label can only appear inside a switch statement.

Eachconstant-expressioncase label is converted to a constant value of the same type as condition. This is then compared to condition for equality. The control is passed to the first caseconstant-expression after the value corresponding to condition. The resulting behavior is shown in the following table.

The converted value corresponds to the value of the raised control expression.
Control is transferred to the operator following this label.
None of the constants match the constants in the case labels;
the default label is present.
The control is passed to the default label.
None of the constants match the constants in the case labels;
the label is missing default .
Control is transferred to the statement after the switch statement.

If a matching expression is found, execution may continue later than case or default with labels. The break statement is used to stop execution and transfer control to the statement after the switch statement. break Without a statement, every statement from the matched case label to the end of the switch is executed, including default.

Note: We can do the same thing with the if...else..if ladder. However, the syntax of the switch statement is cleaner and much easier to read and write.

C++ if, if...else and Nested if...else

Kerimova_Manzura — Tue, 21 Mar 2023 04:54:46 +0000

In this tutorial, we will learn about the if...else statement to create decision making programs with the help of examples.

In computer programming, we use the if...else statement to run one block of code under certain conditions and another block of code under different conditions.

For example, assigning grades (A, B, C)
based on marks obtained by a student.

if the percentage is above 90, assign grade A
if the percentage is above 75, assign grade B
if the percentage is above 65, assign grade C

There are three forms of if...else statements in C++.

if statement
if...else statement

3.if...else if...else statement

C++ if Statement
The syntax of the ifstatement is:

if (condition) {
  // body of if statement
}

The if statement evaluates the condition inside the parentheses ( ).

If the condition evaluates to true, the code inside the body of if is executed.
If the condition evaluates to false, the code inside the body of if is skipped.

*Note: The code inside { } is the body of the if statement.
*

C++ Increment and Decrement Operators

Kerimova_Manzura — Fri, 17 Mar 2023 12:44:23 +0000

The increment operator ++ adds 1 to its operand, and the decrement operator -- subtracts 1 from its operand. Thus −

x = x+1;

is the same as

x++;

And similarly −

x = x-1;

is the same as

x--;

Both the increment and decrement operators can either precede (prefix) or follow (postfix) the operand. For example −

x = x+1;

can be written as

++x; // prefix form

or as −

x++; // postfix form

When an increment or decrement is used as part of an expression, there is an important difference in prefix and postfix forms. If you are using prefix form then increment or decrement will be done before rest of the expression, and if you are using postfix form, then increment or decrement will be done after the complete expression is evaluated.
In programming (Java, C, C++, JavaScript etc.), the increment operator ++ increases the value of a variable by 1. Similarly, the decrement operator -- decreases the value of a variable by 1.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
   int var1 = 5, var2 = 5;

   // 5 is displayed
   // Then, var1 is increased to 6.
   cout << var1++ << endl;

   // var2 is increased to 6
   // Then, it is displayed.
   cout << ++var2 << endl;

   return 0;
}

DEV Community: Kerimova_Manzura

Task Manager (To-Do List).

Simple To-Do List App in C

Sample Code

Conclusion

🔹Jagged Arrays in C#

🧠 What is a Jagged Array?

🧩 Syntax

📦 Assigning Values

🔍 Full Example: Declaring, Initializing, and Printing

✅ Output:

🔄 Jagged vs. Multidimensional Arrays

🧠 Use Cases

📒 Building a Simple Contact Book in C# – A Step-by-Step Guide

🧱 Application Overview

1️⃣ Contact Type Enum

2️⃣ Contact Struct

3️⃣ Address Book Class

4️⃣ Console UI (Main Method)

🔍 Sample Output (Console UI)

🚀 What You’ll Learn

🌱 What’s Next?

✅ Final Thoughts

🎨 C# tilida Kommentlar: Kodni tushunarli qilishning kaliti

📌 Komment turlari

1️⃣ Bir qatorli komment — //

2️⃣ Ko‘p qatorli komment — /* ... */

🎯 Kommentlar nima uchun kerak?

🛠 Misol bilan tushunamiz

💡 Kichik maslahatlar

✅ Xulosa

C# number guessing game.

C# Methods

"Tic Tac Toe" in C#.

🎮 Console Tic Tac Toe Game in Csharp

✅ Features:

💡 How to Run:

🧮 Basic Calculator in C++

✅ Features:

🛠 How to Compile & Run:

🔹 C++ dasturida funksiyalar nima?

📌 Funksiya qanday yoziladi?

✅ Misol: Ikkita sonni qo‘shadigan funksiya

📌 Funktsiya turlari

📌 Parametrli va parametrsiz funksiyalar

✅ Parametrli

✅ Parametrsiz

📌 Funksiyani chaqirish

📌 Misol: Max qiymatni topuvchi funksiya

✅ Xulosa:

C++ Switch Statements

C++ if, if...else and Nested if...else

C++ Increment and Decrement Operators

1️⃣ Bir qatorli komment — `//`

2️⃣ Ko‘p qatorli komment — `/* ... */`