DEV Community: Mehramjot Kaur

🌐 IP Addressing: The Cities & Houses of the Internet

Mehramjot Kaur — Thu, 25 Sep 2025 16:12:52 +0000

Networking concepts like IP addresses, subnetting, and CIDR often feel abstract—just strings of numbers and slashes. At first glance, 192.168.1.10/24 or 2001:0db8::1 looks like a secret code.

But what if we imagine the internet as a city, with streets, neighborhoods, and houses? Suddenly, IPs make sense, and data becomes letters traveling along streets. Let’s take a journey through this digital city.

🏙️ IPv4: The Vintage City

IPv4 is like an old, charming city with about 4 billion houses.

In the early days, 4 billion seemed more than enough.
Every device had its own home.

As more devices joined—phones, laptops, smart gadgets—the city became crowded. Some houses had to be shared.

NAT (Network Address Translation) is like multiple families crammed into one apartment. Mail (data) still arrives, but sometimes it gets confusing.

Example: In a household with a laptop, phone, and smart TV all connected to the same network, they share the same public IP. Multiple “residents” use one house to send and receive data.

IPv4 has served us well, but as our digital city grew, it became clear we needed more space.

🌇 IPv6: The Infinite City

IPv6 is a futuristic city with 340 undecillion houses—so big, it’s practically infinite.

Every device gets its own home, no sharing required.
Perfect for all the devices we use today—and those we haven’t even imagined yet.

Imagine every gadget in your home—from fridge to coffee machine—having its own mailbox. That’s IPv6 in action.

IPv6 ensures smooth delivery of data, easier tracking, and a city that can grow endlessly.

🏘️ Subnetting: Organizing Neighborhoods

Even a massive city needs organization. That’s where subnetting comes in.

Subnetting divides networks into smaller, manageable neighborhoods, keeping traffic flowing smoothly.

Example:

192.168.1.0/24 → 256 addresses
Subnet into /26 → 4 neighborhoods with 64 addresses each

Admin devices get one neighborhood
Home computers get another
Guest devices get their own

Without subnetting, sending data is like mailing a letter without a street number. It might reach the city, but it could wander around before arriving at the right door. Subnets give each device a clear house number.

🗺️ CIDR: The City Map

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) is like drawing maps of neighborhoods.

/24 → A big block with 256 houses
/26 → Smaller blocks of 64 houses

Proper CIDR planning prevents overlapping addresses, makes traffic flow predictable, and ensures no device gets lost in the city.

Think of it as planning streets, blocks, and house numbers before building a city—without it, traffic and mail would be chaos.

📦 The Journey of Data

Let’s follow a packet of data traveling across this city. Imagine you’re sending a message from your laptop to a website:

Leaving Your House

The packet leaves your device with the destination address.

Analogy: A postcard is dropped into your mailbox.

Through the Neighborhood

The packet reaches your local switch, which knows all streets in the neighborhood.

Analogy: A mail sorter guides the postcard toward the city gate.

Crossing the City Gate (Router)

The router decides which highway your packet should take to reach the destination.

Analogy: The city gate checks the address and sends it along highways, avoiding traffic jams.

On the Highway (The Internet)

The packet travels through multiple routers and networks.

Analogy: It hops through postal centers and neighboring towns efficiently.

Arrival at the Destination City

The packet reaches the server, which processes it and sends back a response.

Analogy: Your friend receives the postcard and replies along the same route.

Understanding this journey helps make sense of latency, routing, and why data sometimes gets delayed or lost.

🔑 Key Insights

Addresses Matter: Each device needs a clear home to send and receive data.
Organization is Key: Subnets and CIDR keep traffic flowing smoothly.
IPv6 is the Future: Infinite addresses mean every device gets its own space.
Visualizing Data Helps: Thinking of packets as letters traveling streets makes networking intuitive.

🌟 Final Thoughts

IP addresses aren’t just numbers—they’re homes, streets, and neighborhoods. Routers are city gates, switches are traffic lights, and packets are letters traveling streets.

Once you imagine the internet this way, networking becomes less abstract. It’s a living city, waiting for you to explore its streets, organize its neighborhoods, and understand its flow.

Every packet has a journey. Every number has a home. And the internet is the city that connects them all🌐

🌐 OSI Model vs TCP/IP Model: Beginner-Friendly Guide

Mehramjot Kaur — Wed, 17 Sep 2025 14:18:00 +0000

Networking forms the backbone of our digital world. Ever wondered how your messages, photos, or games travel across devices?

Behind the scenes, two frameworks make it possible: the OSI Model and the TCP/IP Model.

This guide breaks them down with easy analogies, and comparisons.

🧩 What is the OSI Model?

A theoretical, 7-layer model designed by ISO to standardize communication.
Each layer has a unique role, from presenting the message to physically sending it.

Layers (Top → Bottom):

Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical

👉 Analogy: Sending a letter

Write the letter (Application)
Package it neatly (Presentation/Session)
Route it through the postal system (Network)
Deliver it to the house (Physical)

🚚 What is the TCP/IP Model?

The real-world model that powers the internet.
Simpler with 4 layers (sometimes shown as 5).

Layers:

Application
Transport
Internet
Network Access

👉 Analogy: Online shopping

Place the order (Application)
Payment & confirmation (Transport)
Add the delivery address (Internet)
Courier delivers the package (Network Access)

🔍 OSI vs TCP/IP: Key Differences

Instead of just memorizing the number of layers, it’s better to see how these models help us:

The OSI Model is like a textbook — detailed, step-by-step, and perfect when you’re learning the basics.
The TCP/IP Model is like a toolbox — simple, practical, and the one engineers actually use to keep the internet running.
OSI gives you a clear mental picture of how communication works, while TCP/IP shows you what really happens in devices and networks.

That’s why you’ll mostly study OSI in classrooms, but you’ll find TCP/IP everywhere — from your laptop and smartphone to massive cloud data centers.

💡 Why Learn These Models?

Explains how the internet really works.
Essential for networking, cybersecurity, and interviews.
Helps with troubleshooting and protocol understanding.

⚡ Key Takeaway

OSI Model → Best for learning step-by-step concepts.

TCP/IP Model → Used everywhere in real-world networks.

👉 Learn TCP/IP for practical skills, but know OSI for a strong foundation.

🚀 Let’s Connect

I’m sharing my learning journey in networking & cybersecurity.
Have questions, tips, or insights? Drop them in the comments — let’s grow together!

🚀 Starting My Cybersecurity Journey: Why I Chose This Path

Mehramjot Kaur — Tue, 09 Sep 2025 03:12:51 +0000

Hi everyone 👋, I’m Mehramjot Kaur, and I’ve just started my exciting journey into the world of Cybersecurity.

🔹 Why Cybersecurity?

In today’s digital world, security is more important than ever. From protecting data to defending systems against attacks, cybersecurity plays a key role. I’ve always been curious about how technology works — and how it can be secured — which is why I chose this path.

🔹 My Current Focus

Right now, I’m learning the fundamentals that will build my foundation in security:

🐍 Python (for scripting & automation)
🌐 Networking (IP addressing, subnetting, VLANs)
🐧 Linux (system basics & commands)
🔐 Security Fundamentals

🔹 My Plan

I’ll be:

Building small projects & labs
Sharing what I learn through posts
Documenting progress here on Dev.to, LinkedIn, and X (Twitter)
Eventually contributing to open-source security projects

🔹 Let’s Connect!

I believe in learning in public. If you’re also into cybersecurity or tech, let’s connect and grow together!

📫 You can also find me on:

Follow me on LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/comm/mynetwork/discovery-see-all?usecase=PEOPLE_FOLLOWS&followMember=mehramjot-kaur-193075313
Follow me on Twitter: https://x.com/jotmehr92634?t=3mXEh-hY8F3_Zdnxf32nzA&s=09