DEV Community: Michael Linson

Ping Pong game in Pygame python

Michael Linson — Sun, 24 Nov 2024 17:31:10 +0000

Importing

import pygame
import sys

Pygame is the module we are using to make games. It provided us with tools for graphics, sound, and more.

sys is a module in Python that helps us interact with the Python interpreter.

Intializes

pygame.init()

Initializes all the Pygame modules and makes them ready to use.

Constants

#dimensions
WIDTH, HEIGHT=800,600
#frame rate
FPS=60
#the paddles at the side of ping pong
PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT=15,90
#the balls radius
BALL_RADIUS=15
#the color of the ball and paddle
WHITE=(255, 255, 255)

WIDTH and HEIGHT: Dimensions of the game window. 800px is for the width and 600px is for the height
FPS: Frames per second, which controls the game’s speed and smoothness.
PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT: Dimensions of the paddles.
BALL_RADIUS: Radius of the ball.
WHITE: The RGB value for white, is used for paddles, ball, and text.

Make a Screen

screen=pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH,HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Ping Pong")

you will have a window named Ping Pong with the assigned WIDTH and HEIGHT

Paddles and Ball setup

left_paddle=pygame.Rect(50, HEIGHT//2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT //2, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)

right_paddle=pygame.Rect(WIDTH - 50 - PADDLE_WIDTH, HEIGHT //2- PADDLE_HEIGHT //2, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)

ball=pygame.Rect(WIDTH //2 - BALL_RADIUS, HEIGHT //2 - BALL_RADIUS, BALL_RADUIS *2, BALL_RADIUS *2)

In Pygame the left top corner of the screen represents (0,0) in coordinates.

pygame.Rect: Is used to create rectangles in pygame(used here for the paddles and the ball).

pygame.Rect(x, y, width, height)

left_paddle: Positioned near the left side of the screen, vertically centered.

pygame.Rect(50, HEIGHT//2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT //2, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)

First, we position the left paddle 50px towards the right from the left side.
Then we do HEIGHT//2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT //2 because if you just did HEIGHT//2 it will look like the way it is in the picture. It goes down the screen. To center it we do - PADDLE_HEIGHT //2

This is what we did for the right paddle to center it.

right_paddle: Positioned near the right side of the screen, vertically centered.

right_paddle=pygame.Rect(WIDTH - 50 - PADDLE_WIDTH, HEIGHT //2- PADDLE_HEIGHT //2, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)

ball: Initially positioned in the center of the screen.

ball=pygame.Rect(WIDTH //2 - BALL_RADIUS, HEIGHT //2 - BALL_RADIUS, BALL_RADUIS *2, BALL_RADIUS *2)

For the ball to center it, we subtracted by the radius.

Speed

ball_speed_x=7
ball_speed_y=7
paddle_speed=10

ball_speed_x and ball_speed_y controls the horizontal and vertical speed of the ball.

paddle_speed: Controls the movement speed of the paddles.

Score Variables

left_score=0
right_score=0
font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,55)

left_score and right_score: Track the scores of the players.
font: Used to render text on the screen for scores. None uses the default font, and 55 is the font size.

Function to draw everything

def draw():
   screen.fill((0,0,0)) #Fill the screen with black
   pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, left_paddle)
   pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, right_paddle)
   pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, WHITE, ball)

fill((0, 0, 0)): Fills the screen with black (RGB: 0, 0, 0).
pygame.draw.rect: Draws the rectangular paddles.
pygame.draw.ellipse: Draws the ball as a circle (bounded by the rectangle ball).

Draw the center line

   pygame.draw.aaline(screen, WHITE, (WIDTH //2, 0), (WIDTH //2, HEIGHT))

Draws a vertical center line to divide the playing field.

Draw Scores

   left_text=font.render(str(left_score),True, WHITE)
   screen.blit(left_text, (WIDTH // 4 - left_text.get_width() // 2, 20))
   right_text=font.render(str(right_score), True, WHITE)
   screen.blit(right_text, (WIDTH * 3 // 4 - right_text.get_width() //2, 20))

Renders the scores for both players and positions them on the screen.

Update the screen

   pygame.display.flip()

Updates the display with the latest changes.

#Main game loop
while True:

Keeps the game running indefinitely.

for event in pygame.event.get():
   if event.type == pygame.QUITT:
      pygame.quit()
      sys.exit()

This will go through all the events that can happen in pygame and if one of them is closing the window then quit pygame and close the window.

Paddle Controls

#Paddle controls
keys pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keys [pygame.K_w] and left_paddle.top > 0: 
   left_paddle.y-=paddle_speed
if keys [pygame.K_s] and left_paddle.bottom < HEIGHT: 
   left_paddle.y += paddle_speed 
if keys [pygame.K_UP] and right_paddle.top > 0: 
   right_paddle.y -= paddle_speed
if keys [pygame.K_DOWN] and right_paddle.bottom < HEIGHT: 
   right_paddle.y += paddle_speed 66

Detects key presses:

W and S: Move the left paddle up and down.
- pygame.K_w is the w key
- pygame.K_s is the s key
UP and DOWN: Move the right paddle up and down.
- pygame.K_UP is the up key
- pygame.K_DOWN is the down key
Includes checks to prevent paddles from moving off the screen.
- left_paddle.top > 0checks to see if top of paddles coordinates is greater than 0. To check to see if it is hitting the top of the screen when you click W.
- left_paddle.bottom < HEIGHTchecks to see if bottom of paddles coordinates is greater than height of the screen. To check to see if it is hitting the bottom of the screen when you click K.
- right_paddle.top > 0checks to see if top of paddles coordinates is greater than 0. To check to see if it is hitting the top of the screen when you click Up key.
- right_paddle.bottom < HEIGHTchecks to see if bottom of paddles coordinates is greater than height of the screen. To check to see if it is hitting the bottom of the screen when you click Down key.

Ball movement

   ball.x += ball_speed_x
   ball.y + ball_speed_y

Moves the ball by adding its speed to its current position

Ball collision with top and bottom walls

if ball.top <= 0 or ball.bottom >= HEIGHT:
   ball_speed_y=-ball_speed_y

Reverses the ball's vertical direction if it hits the top or bottom of the screen

Ball collision with paddles

if ball.colliderect(left_paddle) or ball.colliderect(right_paddle): 
   ball_speed_x = -ball_speed_x

Reverses the ball's horizontal direction if it collides with a paddle.

Scoring

If ball.left <- 8:
   right score + 1
   pygame.Rect(WIDTH //2 -BALL RADIUS, HEIGHT //2 - BALL RADIUS, BALL 
   RADIUS *2, BALL RADIUS *2) 
   ball_speed_x=-ball_speed_x
If ball.right >= WIDTH: 
   left score +=1
   ball=pygame.Rect(WIDTH //2 - BALL RADIUS, HEIGHT //2 - BALL RADIUS, BALL RADIUS * 2, BALL RADIUS * 2) 
   ball_speed_x=-ball_speed_x

draw()

Updates the score if the ball goes out of bounds.
Resets the ball to the center and reverses its direction.

Timing

pygame.time.Clock().tick (FPS)

Limits the game to run at a maximum of 60 frames per second, ensuring smooth gameplay.

Full code

import pygame
import sys

pygame.init()

# Constants
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 800, 600
FPS = 60
PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT = 15, 90
BALL_RADIUS = 15
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)

# Setup screen
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Pong")

# Paddles and ball setup
left_paddle = pygame.Rect(50, HEIGHT // 2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT // 2, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)
right_paddle = pygame.Rect(WIDTH - 50 - PADDLE_WIDTH, HEIGHT // 2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT // 2, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)
ball = pygame.Rect(WIDTH // 2 - BALL_RADIUS, HEIGHT // 2 - BALL_RADIUS, BALL_RADIUS * 2, BALL_RADIUS * 2)

# Speeds
ball_speed_x = 7
ball_speed_y = 7
paddle_speed = 10

# Score variables
left_score = 0
right_score = 0
font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 55)

# Function to draw everything
def draw():
        screen.fill((0, 0, 0))  # Fill screen with black
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, left_paddle)
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, right_paddle)
        pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, WHITE, ball)

        # Draw the center line
        pygame.draw.aaline(screen, WHITE, (WIDTH // 2, 0), (WIDTH // 2, HEIGHT))

        # Draw scores
        left_text = font.render(str(left_score), True, WHITE)
        screen.blit(left_text, (WIDTH // 4 - left_text.get_width() // 2, 20))
        right_text = font.render(str(right_score), True, WHITE)
        screen.blit(right_text, (WIDTH * 3 // 4 - right_text.get_width() // 2, 20))

        pygame.display.flip()

# Main game loop
while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                        pygame.quit()
                        sys.exit()

        # Paddle controls
        keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        if keys[pygame.K_w] and left_paddle.top > 0:
                left_paddle.y -= paddle_speed
        if keys[pygame.K_s] and left_paddle.bottom < HEIGHT:
                left_paddle.y += paddle_speed
        if keys[pygame.K_UP] and right_paddle.top > 0:
                right_paddle.y -= paddle_speed
        if keys[pygame.K_DOWN] and right_paddle.bottom < HEIGHT:
                right_paddle.y += paddle_speed

        # Ball movement
        ball.x += ball_speed_x
        ball.y += ball_speed_y

        # Ball collision with top and bottom walls
        if ball.top <= 0 or ball.bottom >= HEIGHT:
                ball_speed_y = -ball_speed_y

        # Ball collision with paddles
        if ball.colliderect(left_paddle) or ball.colliderect(right_paddle):
                ball_speed_x = -ball_speed_x

        # Scoring
        if ball.left <= 0:
                right_score += 1
                ball = pygame.Rect(WIDTH // 2 - BALL_RADIUS, HEIGHT // 2 - BALL_RADIUS, BALL_RADIUS * 2, BALL_RADIUS * 2)
                ball_speed_x = -ball_speed_x
        if ball.right >= WIDTH:
                left_score += 1
                ball = pygame.Rect(WIDTH // 2 - BALL_RADIUS, HEIGHT // 2 - BALL_RADIUS, BALL_RADIUS * 2, BALL_RADIUS * 2)
                ball_speed_x = -ball_speed_x

        draw()
        pygame.time.Clock().tick(FPS)

Cookie Clicker using Python Tkinter

Michael Linson — Thu, 07 Nov 2024 01:51:31 +0000

Import

from tkinter import *

This imports all functions and classes from the tkinter module, allowing us to create a GUI in Python.

Making Window

 window = Tk()

Initializes the main window for the application. Tk() creates a root window where all widgets (like buttons, labels, etc.) will be placed.

Setting the Size of the Screen

 window.geometry("300x300")

Sets the window dimensions to 300x300 pixels, defining the initial size of the
application window.

Setting the title

 window.title("Cookie Clicker")

Sets the title of the window to "Cookie Clicker," which appears in the title bar.

Background color

window.configure(bg='#b79488')

Sets the background color of the window to #b79488, a soft brown shade. You can customize the color code as desired.

Clicks tracking

number = 0

Initializes a variable number to 0, which will count the number of times the cookie (button) is clicked.

The method that runs when the button is clicked

def ClickBtn():
 global number
 number += 1
 ShowInfo["text"] = "You Clicked " + str(number) + " times."

Function Definition

ClickBtn() is a function that gets called each time the button is clicked.

Global Keyword

global number allows the function to access and modify the number variable defined outside the function increment each time the function is called, it increments the number by 1.

LabelUpdate

Updates the ShowInfo label text to display the current click count. The text changes to "You Clicked X times," where X is the current value of number.

Initializing the Image

ClickingImage = PhotoImage(file="cookie.png")

ImageLoading

Loads an image from a file named "cookie.png" and assigns it to ClickingImage. This image will be used as the icon on the button.

Note: Make sure cookie.png is in the same directory as the code file or provide the full path. This image should ideally be a PNG for compatibility with PhotoImage.

Creating the button

 ClickingButton = Button(window, image=ClickingImage, bg="#fab25f",
 fg="blue", font=("Arial", 22), command=ClickBtn)

Button Creation

Creates a button widget (ClickingButton) and assigns it to the main window.

Parameters

image=ClickingImage: Sets the button image to the loaded cookie image(ClickingImage).
bg="#fab25f": Sets the button background color to a light orange shade.
fg="blue": Sets the text color to blue (though this may not show on animage-based button).
- font=("Arial", 22): Sets the font type to Arial, size 22.
- command=ClickBtn: Associates the button with the ClickBtn function, so it’s executed when the button is clicked.

Text Label

ShowInfo = Label(window, text="message", font=("Arial", 20),fg="purple")

Explanation:

LabelCreation

Creates a label widget (ShowInfo) to display messages.

Parameters

text="message": Sets the initial text to "message" (you can adjust this to a more informative starting message).
font=("Arial", 20): Sets the font type to Arial, size 20.
fg="purple": Sets the text color to purple.

Adding them to the screen

 ClickingButton.pack()
 ShowInfo.pack()

WidgetPacking

Adds (packs) the button and label widgets to the window.pack() automatically places each widget below the previous one in the center of the window.

Order

The button is packed first, so it appears above the label in the window layout.

The mainloop

window.mainloop()

EventLoop

Starts Tkinter's main event loop, which keeps the window open and responsive until it is closed. The application will wait for user interactions, such as button clicks, while running this loop.

Full code


from tkinter import *
#says to import everything from tkinter

window=Tk()

window.geometry("300x300")

window.title("Cookie Clicker")

window.configure(bg='#b79488')
number=0


def ClickBtn():
        global number
        #shorcut to increase by 1
        number+=1
        #saying to change the text inside of the ShowInfo label
        ShowInfo["text"] = "You Clicked " + str(number) + " times."

#command tells it to execute which code when it is clicked

ClickingImage=PhotoImage(file="cookie.png")

ClickingButton = Button(window,image=ClickingImage, bg="#fab25f", fg="blue",font=("Arial, 22"), command=ClickBtn)
ShowInfo = Label(window, text="message", font=("Arial, 20"), fg="purple")
ClickingButton.pack()
ShowInfo.pack()
window.mainloop()

Output

Good job guys you have made a simple cookie clicker using tkinter :)