DEV Community: Nishant Mishra

CalyxOS on Android 16: I Ran It on a Motorola G45 5G (India Variant)

Nishant Mishra — Wed, 06 May 2026 06:32:51 +0000

After a year of silence, CalyxOS is back — and it's running on a ₹10,000 phone with a locked bootloader.

Every privacy OS article you've ever read has the same device photo: a Pixel. GrapheneOS? Pixel. CalyxOS? Pixel. Even LineageOS showcases Pixels 90% of the time.

But my daily driver isn't a Pixel. It's the Motorola G45 5G — India variant — a phone that costs around ₹10,000-12,000. No NFC, because let's be honest, most of us aren't using GPay tap-to-pay anyway.

And after almost a year of radio silence, CalyxOS now runs Android 16 on it. With a locked bootloader. And working PhonePe. Here's my first 24 hours as a developer and daily driver.

The Hiatus: We Thought It Was Over

Let me be real: when a privacy-focused OS disappears for nearly a year, you assume it's dead. The CalyxOS subreddit went quiet. Forums slowed down. People started migrating to GrapheneOS or just gave up and went back to stock.

Then, out of nowhere: CalyxOS 7.2.1.0 — Android 16 QPR2 community test builds.

And the device list wasn't just Pixels. It included Fairphone 4 and 5, several Motorola devices including the moto g series, and yes — my Motorola G45 5G India variant.

I flashed it immediately.

What Is CalyxOS 7.2.1.0? (The Official Context)

Before we dive into my experience, here's what the CalyxOS team announced with this build:

"Signed with the new signing solution earlier discussed in our talk at FOSDEM, 7.2.1.0 is ported to Android 16 QPR2."

Supported devices for this test build include:

For Pixels, the entire lineage from 4a (5G) all the way to the Pixel 9 series is supported — that means Pixel 9, 9 Pro, 9 Pro Fold, 9 Pro XL, 9a, then the 8 series including the Pixel Fold and Tablet, the 7 series, the 6 series, and finally the 5, 5a, and 4a (5G).

For Fairphone, both the Fairphone 4 and Fairphone 5 are supported.

For Motorola, the list includes the moto g 5g (2024), moto g84, moto g34/45 (that's me!), moto g52, moto g42, and moto g32.

A note on kernel patches (from the CalyxOS team):

"Pixel 6 and newer Pixel devices are fully patched. All other devices are missing certain Qualcomm patches, which we are actively working to pick up alongside other upstream patches and the May Android Security Bulletin (ASB). We wanted to get this out as quickly as possible and official releases will include more complete patchsets as usual."

So yes — my G45 is in the "actively being patched" category. But for a test build? I'll take it.

New Branding: A Fresh Visual Identity

Beginning in late 2024, the Calyx Institute has been undergoing an organization-wide effort to clarify their mission and rebuild their brand to fairly reflect their identity and values in an uplifting visual language. This includes the rebranding of CalyxOS — their vision for a privacy-respecting, security-oriented Android OS.

In this latest release (7.2.1.0), you get a sneak peek of the new visual identity.

What's new visually: The redesign is based on the latest Material You design system, with custom designed elements from the logo to the boot animation to the iconography. The CalyxOS team invites users to join this journey in improving the visual language and user interface by sending feedback.

From what I've seen in 24 hours: the boot animation is cleaner, the icons feel more cohesive, and the overall UI has a polish that was missing in older versions. It's a small thing, but visual identity matters when you're asking people to trust you with their digital lives.

Bundled Apps in CalyxOS 7.2.1.0

CalyxOS ships with a set of free-and-open-source apps that can be installed during the Setup Wizard or afterwards without network access. Here's what's included in this build:

F-Droid Basic 2.0 alpha (version 2.0-alpha8) — this newly revamped version replaces the old F-Droid Basic app.

Aurora Store (version 4.7.5) — the Google Play Store alternative.

Breezy Weather (version 6.1.3_freenet) — a privacy-focused weather app.

GCam Photos Preview (version 1.1) — a camera gallery replacement.

Signal (version 8.7.3) — the encrypted messaging app.

OnionShare (version 0.2.3-beta) — for secure file sharing over Tor.

Tor Browser for Android (version 15.0.10) — private browsing.

Tor VPN Beta (version 1.6.0Beta) — this new Tor VPN project replaces the Orbot app.

Riseup VPN (version 1.5.3) — VPN from the riseup collective.

OONI Probe (version 6.0.1) — for testing internet censorship.

CoMaps (version 2026.04.07-8-FDroid) — this app replaces Organic Maps.

Scrambled Exif (version 1.7.14) — to remove metadata from photos before sharing.

Thunderbird (version 18.0) — the email client.

DAVx5 (version 4.5.10-ose) — for CalDAV and CardDAV synchronization.

My take: The shift from Orbot to Tor VPN Beta is interesting. Organic Maps being replaced by CoMaps feels like a fork decision I need to explore further. And having OONI Probe pre-installed? That's a statement about CalyxOS's commitment to anti-censorship.

How to Test and Give Feedback (If You Want to Join)

This release of CalyxOS is intended for community testers. When you try to install and run this build, you might encounter bugs, unexpected crashes, or odd behavior.

Important: It is not prepared for your primary daily device at this time. (I ignored this advice. You can too, but keep a backup.)

If you're still interested in helping test CalyxOS, join the CalyxOS Matrix Tester's room. Check the pinned message for full instructions, including links to the device flasher, CalyxOS builds, installation instructions, and a list of known issues. To send feedback, message the team directly in the Matrix channel or create a new issue in their GitLab repo.

I'll be submitting my own feedback about the G45 India variant once I've tested more.

Why the Motorola G45 5G (India Variant) Matters

Most Indians don't own Pixels. They own Moto Gs, Samsung M-series, Realme, Xiaomi — the affordable mid-rangers and budget phones that actually sell in this market.

If CalyxOS works well on a ₹10k Motorola, it's a legitimate option for Indian privacy enthusiasts. Not just for people who can afford flagship phones imported from the US.

My device specs for context:

My daily driver is the Motorola G45 5G India variant. It runs on a Snapdragon 6s Gen 3 chipset with 6GB of RAM and 128GB of storage. The India variant does not have NFC, so that's one less thing to worry about. My SIM setup is dual Airtel — two different numbers on the same network. The phone came with stock Android 14 running Moto's near-stock skin. I'm now on CalyxOS build 7.2.1.0 (Android 16), and crucially, I have relocked the bootloader after flashing. The phone cost me around ₹10,000-12,000.

This is a budget phone. And it's now running Android 16 with a locked bootloader before most Pixels.

Critical Security Note: Bootloader Relocking

Most custom ROMs force you to keep the bootloader unlocked. That's a security risk — an unlocked bootloader means someone with physical access can flash anything.

CalyxOS on Motorola allows you to re-lock the bootloader.

Here's what I did after flashing:
bash

fastboot oem lock

That's it. The device is now bootloader-locked with CalyxOS's signing keys. This means verified boot works, no unauthorized OS can be flashed, banking apps and UPI apps see a "locked" device, and you get Pixel-level boot security on a ₹10k Moto.

This is a huge deal and one of the main reasons I chose CalyxOS over other custom ROMs for this device.

First Boot: Smoother Than Expected

I'll be honest — I expected problems. Motorola's bootloader unlock process is straightforward (fastboot oem unlock), but custom ROM support for Moto devices has always been patchy in India.

The installation: I unlocked the bootloader (took 5 minutes, no issues), flashed CalyxOS via the device flasher tool, then re-locked the bootloader with fastboot oem lock. First boot took about 4 minutes, which is normal for AOSP-based ROMs.

What worked immediately: Both Airtel SIMs were detected — two different numbers on the same network, no conflicts, no radio issues. 5G connectivity works on both SIMs (tested Airtel 5G on both numbers). The side-mounted fingerprint sensor works perfectly. WiFi calling works on Airtel. Moto's gesture features — chop for flashlight, twist for camera — still work, which genuinely shocked me. VoLTE works on both Airtel lines.

What doesn't matter because India variant: NFC is not present on this model, so nothing to break there.

What didn't work out of the box: Almost nothing. The India variant seems to have fewer hardware quirks than international models.

For a community test build on a budget Indian phone with a relocked bootloader? This is incredible.

Critical India Update: PhonePe Works

This is huge and needs its own section.

PhonePe — fully working. I tested UPI payments (sending and receiving money), QR code scanning, bill payments (recharged both Airtel numbers), and bank account linking. No crashes. No "rooted device" warnings. No bootloader unlock errors. PhonePe just works.

This alone makes CalyxOS viable for Indian daily drivers. Most of us live on UPI, and PhonePe is one of the big three along with GPay and Paytm. Having it work out of the box is a dealbreaker feature that CalyxOS passes with flying colors.

Here's the status of various UPI apps on my setup: PhonePe is fully working. Google Pay works via the mobile website but the app may complain. Paytm is untested in my setup so far. BHIM UPI should work since PhonePe is working. Banking apps like HDFC, ICICI, and SBI generally detect the custom OS and refuse to run.

Dual SIM: Airtel + Airtel (Same Network)

This was a specific concern of mine. Some custom ROMs struggle with two SIMs from the same carrier, same network with different numbers, and 5G plus 5G simultaneously.

CalyxOS handles it perfectly. Both SIMs show separate signal strengths. You can set default call, SMS, and data SIM per preference. 5G works on whichever SIM is set for data. Calls on SIM1 don't drop SIM2 coverage — DSDS works as expected.

If you're running dual Airtel (or any same-carrier dual SIM), CalyxOS has you covered.
What Broke (The Honest Section)

Some banking apps — My bank's apps (HDFC, ICICI) detected the custom OS and refused to run, even with a locked bootloader. Some banks verify the ROM signing keys, not just the bootloader state. The workaround is to use the mobile website plus PhonePe for transactions. Annoying but manageable.

5G indicator is inconsistent — 5G works. Speed tests confirm 100+ Mbps on Airtel 5G. But the status bar icon sometimes shows "LTE" even when connected to 5G. This is purely a cosmetic issue.

MicroG setup takes patience (once) — On first boot, I had to manually grant signature spoofing permissions, enable device registration in MicroG settings, and add a location backend (Mozilla's is still broken, so I used Nominatim). Took about 10 minutes. You do it once and never think about it again.

Nothing else broke — No app crashes. No random reboots. No radio drops. No SMS or MMS issues. For a test build on a budget device, this is remarkably stable.

What Surprised Me (In a Good Way)

Moto gestures work — This is the shocker. Motorola's "chop for flashlight" and "twist for camera" gestures are typically tied to Moto Actions, a proprietary app. Somehow, the CalyxOS team preserved them. I tested both. They work exactly like stock. This is the kind of attention to detail that makes me trust a ROM.

No Motorola bloat — Stock Moto G45 (India variant) comes with Moto Notifications (half-broken), Facebook services pre-installed and impossible to fully remove, LinkedIn (why is this here?), Motorola's own app store, and various "enhancement" apps that phone home. CalyxOS has none of this. Just AOSP plus privacy tools plus MicroG. The phone feels lighter.

Bootloader relocking works — This deserves repeating. I went from fastboot oem unlock to flashing CalyxOS to fastboot oem lock. The device booted normally. Verified boot works. No corruption. No "your device is corrupt" warnings. On a ₹10k Motorola. That's rare.

The display looks better — Moto's stock color calibration is oversaturated to compete with AMOLED screens. CalyxOS uses AOSP's neutral calibration. The G45's IPS LCD looks more natural now — colors are accurate, not blown out.

The new boot animation — Part of the rebranding. It's subtle, clean, and doesn't overstay its welcome. A nice touch.

Who This OS Is For (India Variant — No NFC, Dual Airtel)

If you own a Moto G45 and care about privacy, this OS is absolutely for you. The same goes if you're on a budget with a ₹10k phone — this is your best option. Developers testing on real hardware will find the 6GB of RAM plenty for development work. Dual SIM users, especially those with two numbers on the same carrier like my Airtel+Airtel setup, will find it works perfectly. PhonePe users will be happy to know it's fully working. Bootloader security purists will love that the bootloader is relockable. For banking app power users, you'll need to use mobile websites instead of native apps for now. If you want to test and give feedback, definitely join the Matrix room. And if you need NFC? That's irrelevant for this device — the India variant doesn't have the hardware anyway.

The India-Specific Verdict

Let me be direct with you.

The Motorola G45 5G India variant costs ₹10,000-12,000. For that price, you get a 5G phone, a clean near-stock Android experience (usually), a side fingerprint sensor, decent battery life, and dual SIM support.

With CalyxOS and a relocked bootloader, you get Android 16 (before most Pixels), zero Google telemetry, no bloatware, PhonePe working, dual Airtel SIMs working perfectly, verified boot with a locked bootloader, working Moto gestures, and a fresh Material You visual identity.

The only real sacrifice is some banking apps — and since PhonePe plus mobile websites cover almost everything, that's a minor inconvenience.

Should you flash it right now?

If you have a Moto G45 5G India variant and you care about privacy: Yes. Do it today. Relock the bootloader. Install PhonePe. Never look back.

If you need every banking app to work perfectly: Wait for stable, but honestly, the browser plus PhonePe combo might already be enough. Or join the Matrix tester room and help report bugs so the stable release comes sooner.

For me? My phone feels faster, has a locked bootloader, runs Android 16, sports a fresh new look, and still lets me pay for chai via PhonePe. What more could I want?
Part 2 Coming Soon

In Part 2, I'll cover: battery life breakdown (my full 48-72 hour test with dual SIM active), OTA updates with relocked bootloader and whether they actually work, gaming performance on BGMI and Call of Duty Mobile on Android 16, more UPI app testing including GPay, Paytm, and Amazon Pay, any new bugs discovered after extended use, and my feedback submitted to the CalyxOS team via Matrix and GitLab.

Follow me on dev.to so you don't miss it.

Drop a comment if you're running CalyxOS on an Indian budget phone — especially if you've also relocked the bootloader. Would love to compare notes before Part 2. Or if you're in the Matrix tester room, say hi!

Device: Motorola G45 5G (India Variant, 6GB/128GB, no NFC)

Build: CalyxOS 7.2.1.0 (Android 16 QPR2)

SIM setup: Dual Airtel (two different numbers, same network)

Bootloader: Relocked after flashing

UPI status: PhonePe working

Previous OS: Stock Android 14

Test duration: First 24 hours of active daily use in India

Fedora 44 is out now!

Nishant Mishra — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 15:59:07 +0000

CachyOS Kernel 7.0 Review on Ryzen 5 5500U (Hyprland Performance Test)

Nishant Mishra — Tue, 21 Apr 2026 19:42:39 +0000

🚀 CachyOS Kernel 7.0 + Hyprland — Real-World Review on Ryzen 5 5500U

Most Linux kernel reviews obsess over benchmarks.

That’s not what matters for daily use.

If you’re running something like Hyprland with heavy dotfiles, what actually matters is:

Animation smoothness
Input latency
Frame consistency

So I tested CachyOS Kernel 7.0 on my real setup — no synthetic benchmarks, just daily usage.

💻 My Setup (Actual Daily Driver)

Laptop: Acer Aspire 7 (2022)
CPU: AMD Ryzen 5 5500U (6C / 12T)
RAM: 16GB DDR4
Storage: 512GB NVMe SSD
GPU: GTX 1650 / RTX 3050 (variant dependent)

Desktop Stack:

Hyprland (Wayland)
Jakoolit Dotfiles
Blur enabled
Fast animation curves (bezier tuned)
Typical load: browser + terminal + builds + music

👉 This matters — Hyprland constantly stresses the system with burst workloads.

⚙️ Why CachyOS Kernel 7.0 Feels Different

CachyOS is built for responsiveness first:

BORE scheduler (optimized for burst workloads)
Aggressive compiler optimizations (-O3, LTO)
Modern CPU tuning (x86-64-v3/v4)

👉 In theory: perfect for Hyprland
👉 In practice: it actually shows

🔥 Real-World Performance (Hyprland)

🧠 1. Animation Smoothness — Biggest Improvement

Workspace switching feels tighter
Window animations are more consistent
Blur effects stay smooth under load

Stock kernel → occasional micro-stutter
CachyOS → mostly gone

👉 Not more FPS — just better frame pacing

⚡ 2. Input Latency & System “Feel”

Hard to measure, easy to notice:

Faster app response
Less delay switching focus
Smoother multitasking

👉 The system feels more “locked in”

🧪 3. Multitasking Under Load

Typical scenario:

15+ browser tabs
Terminal compiling code
Background apps running
Hyprland animations always active

Results:

Fewer hiccups
More consistent performance
Less random lag

👉 It’s about consistency, not raw speed

🎮 4. Gaming (Not Tested Yet)

I haven’t tested gaming on this setup yet — so I won’t pretend otherwise.

Based on current behavior, I’d expect:

Better frame-time consistency
Improved responsiveness in CPU-bound scenarios
Smoother alt-tabbing under Wayland

👉 I’ll update this section once I’ve properly tested Proton/native titles.

🌡️ Thermals & Battery — The Trade-Off

This kernel is aggressive — and it shows.

On my Aspire 7:

Fans ramp up earlier
Idle temps slightly higher
Battery life drops compared to stock kernel

👉 Hyprland + CachyOS = more CPU activity

Plugged in → great
On battery → noticeable impact

⚖️ Stability (Honest Take)

Daily usable? Yes
Rock solid? Not quite
Any crashes? None during testing

Still — this isn’t stock kernel reliability.

👉 Keep a fallback kernel installed.

🆚 Stock Kernel vs CachyOS (Hyprland Focus)

Feature	Stock Kernel	CachyOS 7.0
Animation Smoothness	⭐⭐⭐⭐	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Input Responsiveness	⭐⭐⭐	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Multitasking Consistency	⭐⭐⭐	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Battery Life	⭐⭐⭐⭐	⭐⭐⭐
Thermals	⭐⭐⭐⭐	⭐⭐⭐

⚙️ Hyprland Tweaks That Helped

With Jakoolit dotfiles:

Slightly reduce animation duration
Keep blur enabled, but not extreme
Avoid stacking too many visual effects
Stick with sane defaults for vsync

👉 Kernel helps — but config still matters

💭 Final Verdict

On a setup like this — Hyprland + mid-range Ryzen laptop — CachyOS Kernel 7.0 actually makes a visible difference.

It doesn’t boost benchmarks dramatically.
It improves how the system feels.

✅ Use it if:

You care about smooth animations
You notice micro-stutters
You run Hyprland or similar setups

❌ Avoid it if:

Battery life matters a lot
You want a quiet, cool system
You need maximum stability

🧩 Closing Thought

Hyprland constantly pushes your system.

CachyOS Kernel 7.0 pushes back just as hard.

That’s why this combo works.

👉 It’s not balanced — it’s tuned for speed.

How I Started in Linux Part 2: Distro Hopping

Nishant Mishra — Wed, 15 Apr 2026 09:40:19 +0000

After almost four years of serious distro hopping, I finally found peace.

It wasn’t just six months of casual switching. It was nearly four full years of jumping between distros — installing, configuring, breaking, reinstalling, and repeating the cycle again and again.

I had tried everything — Ubuntu, Pop!_OS, Linux Mint, Manjaro, Fedora, openSUSE, Debian, and many more. But three distros kept pulling me back no matter what: Fedora, openSUSE, and Arch Linux.

I would spend weeks, sometimes months on each one. Fedora for its rock-solid stability and excellent community, openSUSE when I wanted to experiment during major releases, and Arch Linux when I craved bleeding-edge packages and complete control.

Then, around late 2018 to early 2019, something inside me finally clicked.

I was tired of hopping.

I realized I wasn’t searching for the perfect distro anymore — I was just avoiding settling down. So I made the conscious decision to stop.

That’s when I chose Arch Linux.

I’ve been running Arch with Hyprland as my daily driver ever since, using my own mylinuxforwork dotfiles. The setup is clean, fast, minimal, and completely under my control.

Even after settling on Arch, my love for Fedora never died.

In 2022,I joined the Fedora Quality Assurance team as a freelance contributor. For the past four years, I’ve been testing every new Fedora release, reporting bugs, and helping the team improve the distribution.

So while Arch is my home, Fedora remains very close to my heart.

The hopping finally stopped the day I decided to stop searching… and start building.

And honestly? I’ve never been happier with my Linux journey.

How I started in Linux

Nishant Mishra — Tue, 14 Apr 2026 03:02:10 +0000

In 2015, while pursuing my engineering degree at Amity University Noida, I bought my first personal laptop — an Intel-powered Dell Vostro. To my pleasant surprise, it came with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (“Trusty Tahr”) pre-installed right out of the box. Dell had offered select models with Ubuntu, and mine shipped with only Linux — no Windows, no dual-boot setup. It was a bold choice for a college student, but one that completely changed my computing journey.
At first, I was a bit nervous. Most of my classmates were using Windows, and I had never used Linux before. Since I was staying with my family in Mayur Vihar Phase 1, I used the laptop mainly at home for assignments, browsing, and occasional movies after returning from college.

The real turning point came from the computer labs at Amity University Noida. A group of my close friends and seniors had formed an unofficial “Linux gang.” Tired of the sluggish, frequently crashing Windows machines in the lab, they would secretly wipe and install Ubuntu or Fedora on the lab PCs during lunch breaks or after hours. I watched in awe as they transformed slow computers into fast, reliable systems within minutes.

Their enthusiasm was contagious. One day, they challenged me: “Nishant, if you can manage Linux on your own laptop, you’re officially part of the club.” Inspired, I decided to fully embrace the Ubuntu 14.04 that was already on my Dell Vostro.

Back home in Mayur Vihar Phase 1, I started exploring the Unity desktop in the evenings, playing with the terminal, and installing packages. The Intel hardware worked flawlessly — Wi-Fi, graphics, touchpad, and sound all functioned perfectly without any extra drivers.

The system felt incredibly light and responsive. Applications launched quickly, multitasking was smooth, and there was no bloatware eating up resources. I began spending more time in the terminal, learning commands like sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade, installing development tools with apt install, and editing code in Vim. What once looked intimidating slowly became empowering.

In the college computer lab, I joined my friends in maintaining the Linux setups. We spent hours together installing software, compiling programs with GCC, customizing the desktop, and helping other students who showed interest. Those late lab sessions at Amity University Noida, followed by my ride back home to Mayur Vihar Phase 1, turned into some of my best college memories — filled with laughter, problem-solving, and shared discoveries about open-source software.

The Dell Vostro, powered by Intel, proved to be an excellent Linux machine. Since it came with Ubuntu 14.04 pre-installed and nothing else, I never had to deal with partitioning or dual-boot complications. This clean setup allowed me to dive straight into learning without any distractions, whether I was working at home or in the lab.

What started as curiosity sparked by my friends in the Amity labs grew into a genuine passion. Linux taught me about system control, efficiency, and the power of community-driven software. The freedom I experienced on that Dell Vostro shaped how I approached technology throughout my college years and beyond.

Today, more than a decade later, my Linux journey continues on my current daily driver — a 2022 Acer Aspire 7 with a Ryzen 5 5500U processor, 16 GB RAM, and a 4 GB NVIDIA GTX 1650 graphics card. I run Arch Linux with ML4W Dotfiles on top of Hyprland, enjoying a highly customized, performant, and beautiful tiling window manager experience that feels like a natural evolution from those early Ubuntu days on the Dell Vostro.

That humble Intel-powered Dell Vostro that came with only Ubuntu 14.04 wasn’t just a laptop — it was my gateway into the world of Linux, made even more special by the friends, lab adventures at Amity University Noida, and the peaceful evenings spent exploring it at home in Mayur Vihar Phase 1.

If you’re a student thinking about Linux, don’t wait for the perfect moment. Boot into it, explore with friends, and let curiosity guide you. It might become one of the most valuable parts of your college life — just like it did for me in 2015.