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    <title>DEV Community: Sameer</title>
    <description>The latest articles on DEV Community by Sameer (@nonsameer).</description>
    <link>https://dev.to/nonsameer</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Answer: </title>
      <dc:creator>Sameer</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 May 2021 22:56:52 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-3fpl</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-3fpl</guid>
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            &lt;a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27679137/what-does-256-means-for-128-unique-characters-in-ascii-table/38483586#38483586" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
              &lt;span class="title-flare"&gt;answer&lt;/span&gt; re:  What does 256 means for 128 unique characters in ascii table
            &lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/h1&gt;
        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--post-metadata"&gt;
          &lt;span&gt;Jul 20 '16&lt;/span&gt;
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      &lt;a class="ltag__stackexchange--score-container" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27679137/what-does-256-means-for-128-unique-characters-in-ascii-table/38483586#38483586" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
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          29
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&lt;p&gt;Basically, we use only 128 total character which is used mostly during program
But total number of Character in ASCII table is 256 (0 to 255)
0 to 31(total 32 character ) is called as ASCII control characters (character code 0-31).
32 to 127 character is called as ASCII printable…&lt;/p&gt;
    
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    <item>
      <title>Answer: </title>
      <dc:creator>Sameer</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Apr 2021 23:42:56 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-4phf</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-4phf</guid>
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            &lt;a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52419899/is-network-socket-programming-in-haskell-concurrently-asynchronously-parallel/52431180#52431180" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
              &lt;span class="title-flare"&gt;answer&lt;/span&gt; re:  Is Network.Socket programming in Haskell "Concurrently, Asynchronously, Parallel, Non-Blocking" using forkIO
            &lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/h1&gt;
        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--post-metadata"&gt;
          &lt;span&gt;Sep 20 '18&lt;/span&gt;
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      &lt;a class="ltag__stackexchange--score-container" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52419899/is-network-socket-programming-in-haskell-concurrently-asynchronously-parallel/52431180#52431180" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
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          3
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&lt;p&gt;Note that &lt;code&gt;forkIO&lt;/code&gt; spawns a green thread, not an O/S thread, so if you spawn 1000 &lt;code&gt;forkIO&lt;/code&gt; threads to handle simultaneous requests, that does not correspond to 1000 separate O/S (or "CPU") threads.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyway, yes, the RTS handles multiple blocking read/write calls concurrently without tying up O/S threads.  In fact…&lt;/p&gt;
    
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    <item>
      <title>Answer: </title>
      <dc:creator>Sameer</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Apr 2021 03:51:41 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-355n</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-355n</guid>
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            &lt;a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50647674/why-does-fparsec-not-consume-characters-parsing-a-list-separator/50649765#50649765" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
              &lt;span class="title-flare"&gt;answer&lt;/span&gt; re:  Why does FParsec not consume characters parsing a list separator?
            &lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/h1&gt;
        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--post-metadata"&gt;
          &lt;span&gt;Jun  1 '18&lt;/span&gt;
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      &lt;a class="ltag__stackexchange--score-container" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50647674/why-does-fparsec-not-consume-characters-parsing-a-list-separator/50649765#50649765" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
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          4
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&lt;p&gt;This happens, because &lt;code&gt;manySatisfy&lt;/code&gt; matches &lt;em&gt;zero or more&lt;/em&gt; characters that satisfy the given predicate, the key word being "zero". This means that, at the very end of input, &lt;code&gt;isSeparator&lt;/code&gt; actually succeeds, even though it doesn't consume any characters. And since &lt;code&gt;isSeparator&lt;/code&gt; succeeds, &lt;code&gt;sepBy&lt;/code&gt; is expecting to find another instance of…&lt;/p&gt;
    
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    <item>
      <title>Answer: </title>
      <dc:creator>Sameer</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Apr 2021 21:28:19 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-2bpp</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-2bpp</guid>
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            &lt;a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11905506/regular-expression-vs-string-parsing/11906022#11906022" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
              &lt;span class="title-flare"&gt;answer&lt;/span&gt; re:  Regular Expression Vs. String Parsing
            &lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/h1&gt;
        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--post-metadata"&gt;
          &lt;span&gt;Aug 10 '12&lt;/span&gt;
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      &lt;a class="ltag__stackexchange--score-container" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11905506/regular-expression-vs-string-parsing/11906022#11906022" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
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          36
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&lt;p&gt;It depends on how complex the language you're dealing with is.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;Splitting&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is great when it works, but only works when there are &lt;strong&gt;no escaping conventions&lt;/strong&gt;.
It does not work for CSV for example because commas inside quoted strings are not proper split points.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;foo,bar,baz&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;can be split…&lt;/p&gt;
    
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    <item>
      <title>Answer: </title>
      <dc:creator>Sameer</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Apr 2021 17:19:48 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-47df</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-47df</guid>
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            &lt;a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/468145/what-is-the-difference-between-type-and-class/769399#769399" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
              &lt;span class="title-flare"&gt;answer&lt;/span&gt; re:  What is the difference between Type and Class?
            &lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/h1&gt;
        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--post-metadata"&gt;
          &lt;span&gt;Apr 20 '09&lt;/span&gt;
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      &lt;a class="ltag__stackexchange--score-container" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/468145/what-is-the-difference-between-type-and-class/769399#769399" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
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          127
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&lt;p&gt;The following answer is from Gof book (&lt;a href="https://amazon.co.uk/dp/0201633612" rel="noreferrer"&gt;Design Patterns&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;An object's &lt;strong&gt;class&lt;/strong&gt; defines how the
  object is implemented .The class
  defines object's internal state and
  the implementation of its
  operations.&lt;/p&gt;
  
  &lt;p&gt;In contrast, an object's
  &lt;strong&gt;type&lt;/strong&gt; only refers to its interface - a
  set of requests to which it…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
    
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    <item>
      <title>Answer: </title>
      <dc:creator>Sameer</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2021 21:40:10 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-3jh1</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-3jh1</guid>
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            &lt;a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11239262/what-is-meant-by-capture-avoiding-substitutions/11332661#11332661" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
              &lt;span class="title-flare"&gt;answer&lt;/span&gt; re:  What is meant by "Capture-avoiding substitutions"?
            &lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/h1&gt;
        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--post-metadata"&gt;
          &lt;span&gt;Jul  4 '12&lt;/span&gt;
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      &lt;a class="ltag__stackexchange--score-container" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11239262/what-is-meant-by-capture-avoiding-substitutions/11332661#11332661" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
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          57
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&lt;p&gt;Normally, the specific variable names that we chose in the lambda calculus are meaningless - a function of &lt;code&gt;x&lt;/code&gt; is the same thing as a function of &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;b&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;c&lt;/code&gt;. In other words:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;(λx.(λy.yx)) is equivalent to (λa.(λb.ba)) - renaming &lt;code&gt;x&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;y&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;b&lt;/code&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;
    
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      <title>Answer: </title>
      <dc:creator>Sameer</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Sat, 13 Feb 2021 04:05:37 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-3jid</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-3jid</guid>
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            &lt;a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6246719/what-is-a-higher-kinded-type-in-scala/6248765#6248765" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
              &lt;span class="title-flare"&gt;answer&lt;/span&gt; re:  What is a higher kinded type in Scala?
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        &lt;/h1&gt;
        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--post-metadata"&gt;
          &lt;span&gt;Jun  6 '11&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;a class="ltag__stackexchange--score-container" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6246719/what-is-a-higher-kinded-type-in-scala/6248765#6248765" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
        &lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--5MiFESHx--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.freetls.fastly.net/assets/stackexchange-arrow-up-eff2e2849e67d156181d258e38802c0b57fa011f74164a7f97675ca3b6ab756b.svg" alt=""&gt;
        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--score-number"&gt;
          40
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--Rk_a5QFN--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.freetls.fastly.net/assets/stackexchange-arrow-down-4349fac0dd932d284fab7e4dd9846f19a3710558efde0d2dfd05897f3eeb9aba.svg" alt=""&gt;
      &lt;/a&gt;
    
  &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--body"&gt;
    
&lt;p&gt;I would say: A higher kinded type &lt;em&gt;abstracts over&lt;/em&gt; a type constructor. E.g. consider &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;trait Functor [F[_]] {
   def map[A,B] (fn: A=&amp;gt;B)(fa: F[A]): F[B]
}
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Here &lt;code&gt;Functor&lt;/code&gt; is a "higher kinded type" (as used in the &lt;a href="http://adriaanm.github.io/files/higher.pdf" rel="noreferrer"&gt;"Generics of a Higher Kind" paper&lt;/a&gt;). It is not a concrete ("first-order") type…&lt;/p&gt;
    
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      &lt;a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6246719/what-is-a-higher-kinded-type-in-scala/6248765#6248765" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Open Full Answer&lt;/a&gt;
    
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    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Answer: </title>
      <dc:creator>Sameer</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Feb 2021 18:36:04 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-1418</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-1418</guid>
      <description>&lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--container"&gt;
  &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--title-container"&gt;
    
      &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--title"&gt;
        &lt;h1&gt;
          &lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--pTF_nE4a--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.freetls.fastly.net/assets/stackoverflow-logo-b42691ae545e4810b105ee957979a853a696085e67e43ee14c5699cf3e890fb4.svg" alt=""&gt;
            &lt;a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1909280/equivalence-class-testing-vs-boundary-value-testing/1952332#1952332" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
              &lt;span class="title-flare"&gt;answer&lt;/span&gt; re:  Equivalence Class Testing vs. Boundary Value Testing
            &lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/h1&gt;
        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--post-metadata"&gt;
          &lt;span&gt;Dec 23 '09&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;a class="ltag__stackexchange--score-container" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1909280/equivalence-class-testing-vs-boundary-value-testing/1952332#1952332" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
        &lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--5MiFESHx--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.freetls.fastly.net/assets/stackexchange-arrow-up-eff2e2849e67d156181d258e38802c0b57fa011f74164a7f97675ca3b6ab756b.svg" alt=""&gt;
        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--score-number"&gt;
          12
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--Rk_a5QFN--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.freetls.fastly.net/assets/stackexchange-arrow-down-4349fac0dd932d284fab7e4dd9846f19a3710558efde0d2dfd05897f3eeb9aba.svg" alt=""&gt;
      &lt;/a&gt;
    
  &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--body"&gt;
    
&lt;p&gt;The Equivalence testing needs to be supplemented with the Boundary value testing.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example for equivalent testing of a function that takes values between 1 and 12&lt;br&gt;
(say months of a year) the  partitions would be:
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;li&gt;values less than 1 (0,-1,-2), invalid partition&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;values between 1-12, valid partition&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;values greater…&lt;/li&gt;
    
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    <item>
      <title>Answer: Haskell type substitution</title>
      <dc:creator>Sameer</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Sat, 06 Feb 2021 19:11:34 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-haskell-type-substitution-4l9e</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-haskell-type-substitution-4l9e</guid>
      <description>&lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--container"&gt;
  &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--title-container"&gt;
    
      &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--title"&gt;
        &lt;h1&gt;
          &lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--pTF_nE4a--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.freetls.fastly.net/assets/stackoverflow-logo-b42691ae545e4810b105ee957979a853a696085e67e43ee14c5699cf3e890fb4.svg" alt=""&gt;
            &lt;a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55069897/haskell-type-substitution/55069988#55069988" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
              &lt;span class="title-flare"&gt;answer&lt;/span&gt; re:  Haskell type substitution
            &lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/h1&gt;
        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--post-metadata"&gt;
          &lt;span&gt;Mar  8 '19&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;a class="ltag__stackexchange--score-container" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55069897/haskell-type-substitution/55069988#55069988" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
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        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--score-number"&gt;
          9
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--Rk_a5QFN--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.freetls.fastly.net/assets/stackexchange-arrow-down-4349fac0dd932d284fab7e4dd9846f19a3710558efde0d2dfd05897f3eeb9aba.svg" alt=""&gt;
      &lt;/a&gt;
    
  &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--body"&gt;
    
&lt;p&gt;If I have &lt;code&gt;f :: Num a =&amp;gt; a&lt;/code&gt; this means that I can use &lt;code&gt;f&lt;/code&gt; wherever I need any numeric type. So, all of &lt;code&gt;f :: Int&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;f :: Double&lt;/code&gt; must type check.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In your case, we can't have &lt;code&gt;1.0 :: Int&lt;/code&gt; for the same reason we can't…&lt;/p&gt;
    
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</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Answer: </title>
      <dc:creator>Sameer</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Sat, 06 Feb 2021 07:35:38 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-3o7i</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-3o7i</guid>
      <description>&lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--container"&gt;
  &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--title-container"&gt;
    
      &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--title"&gt;
        &lt;h1&gt;
          &lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--pTF_nE4a--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.freetls.fastly.net/assets/stackoverflow-logo-b42691ae545e4810b105ee957979a853a696085e67e43ee14c5699cf3e890fb4.svg" alt=""&gt;
            &lt;a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6246719/what-is-a-higher-kinded-type-in-scala/6246833#6246833" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
              &lt;span class="title-flare"&gt;answer&lt;/span&gt; re:  What is a higher kinded type in Scala?
            &lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/h1&gt;
        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--post-metadata"&gt;
          &lt;span&gt;Jun  6 '11&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;a class="ltag__stackexchange--score-container" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6246719/what-is-a-higher-kinded-type-in-scala/6246833#6246833" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
        &lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--5MiFESHx--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.freetls.fastly.net/assets/stackexchange-arrow-up-eff2e2849e67d156181d258e38802c0b57fa011f74164a7f97675ca3b6ab756b.svg" alt=""&gt;
        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--score-number"&gt;
          84
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--Rk_a5QFN--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.freetls.fastly.net/assets/stackexchange-arrow-down-4349fac0dd932d284fab7e4dd9846f19a3710558efde0d2dfd05897f3eeb9aba.svg" alt=""&gt;
      &lt;/a&gt;
    
  &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--body"&gt;
    
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kind_%28type_theory%29" rel="nofollow noreferrer"&gt;kind&lt;/a&gt; of ordinary types like &lt;code&gt;Int&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Char&lt;/code&gt;, whose instances are values, is &lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt;. The kind of unary type constructors like &lt;code&gt;Maybe&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;* -&amp;gt; *&lt;/code&gt;; binary type constructors like &lt;code&gt;Either&lt;/code&gt; have (&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying" rel="nofollow noreferrer"&gt;curried&lt;/a&gt;) kind &lt;code&gt;* -&amp;gt; * -&amp;gt; *&lt;/code&gt;, and so on. You…&lt;/p&gt;
    
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</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Answer: </title>
      <dc:creator>Sameer</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Feb 2021 03:56:05 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-43o8</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-43o8</guid>
      <description>&lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--container"&gt;
  &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--title-container"&gt;
    
      &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--title"&gt;
        &lt;h1&gt;
          &lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--pTF_nE4a--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.freetls.fastly.net/assets/stackoverflow-logo-b42691ae545e4810b105ee957979a853a696085e67e43ee14c5699cf3e890fb4.svg" alt=""&gt;
            &lt;a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48600170/how-to-write-less-boilerplate-in-a-expression-evaluator-written-with-recursion-s/48708993#48708993" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
              &lt;span class="title-flare"&gt;answer&lt;/span&gt; re:  How to write less boilerplate in a expression evaluator written with recursion-schemes
            &lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/h1&gt;
        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--post-metadata"&gt;
          &lt;span&gt;Feb  9 '18&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;a class="ltag__stackexchange--score-container" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48600170/how-to-write-less-boilerplate-in-a-expression-evaluator-written-with-recursion-s/48708993#48708993" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
        &lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--5MiFESHx--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.freetls.fastly.net/assets/stackexchange-arrow-up-eff2e2849e67d156181d258e38802c0b57fa011f74164a7f97675ca3b6ab756b.svg" alt=""&gt;
        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--score-number"&gt;
          1
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--Rk_a5QFN--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.freetls.fastly.net/assets/stackexchange-arrow-down-4349fac0dd932d284fab7e4dd9846f19a3710558efde0d2dfd05897f3eeb9aba.svg" alt=""&gt;
      &lt;/a&gt;
    
  &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--body"&gt;
    
&lt;p&gt;Alternatively you could refactor your language to have binary operations on one hand and unary ones on the other. You'd write:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;data BinOp = PlusOp | MultOp deriving (Show, Eq)
data UnOp  = ConstOp deriving (Show, Eq)

data Expr  = Bin BinOp Expr  Expr
           | Un  UnOp  Expr
         deriving (Show,&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;…
    
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</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Answer: </title>
      <dc:creator>Sameer</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Sun, 31 Jan 2021 03:09:06 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-3fk3</link>
      <guid>https://dev.to/nonsameer/answer-3fk3</guid>
      <description>&lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--container"&gt;
  &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--title-container"&gt;
    
      &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--title"&gt;
        &lt;h1&gt;
          &lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--pTF_nE4a--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.freetls.fastly.net/assets/stackoverflow-logo-b42691ae545e4810b105ee957979a853a696085e67e43ee14c5699cf3e890fb4.svg" alt=""&gt;
            &lt;a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10276892/are-the-xor-and-not-gates-logically-complete/10366819#10366819" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
              &lt;span class="title-flare"&gt;answer&lt;/span&gt; re:  Are the xor and not gates logically complete
            &lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/h1&gt;
        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--post-metadata"&gt;
          &lt;span&gt;Apr 28 '12&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;a class="ltag__stackexchange--score-container" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10276892/are-the-xor-and-not-gates-logically-complete/10366819#10366819" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;
        &lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--5MiFESHx--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.freetls.fastly.net/assets/stackexchange-arrow-up-eff2e2849e67d156181d258e38802c0b57fa011f74164a7f97675ca3b6ab756b.svg" alt=""&gt;
        &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--score-number"&gt;
          3
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--Rk_a5QFN--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.freetls.fastly.net/assets/stackexchange-arrow-down-4349fac0dd932d284fab7e4dd9846f19a3710558efde0d2dfd05897f3eeb9aba.svg" alt=""&gt;
      &lt;/a&gt;
    
  &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;div class="ltag__stackexchange--body"&gt;
    
&lt;p&gt;NOR and NAND are the only functionally complete singleton gate sets. Hence, XOR is not functionally complete on its own (or together with NOT, since as point out above NOT can be created using XOR).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;XOR can be complemented to a two-element functionally complete gate sets. One should add (left…&lt;/p&gt;
    
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