DEV Community: Oswin Ayonoadu

INTRODUCTION TO HTML FRAMES

Oswin Ayonoadu — Sat, 07 Jan 2023 12:49:00 +0000

A web page can be divided into sections that can each display a different HTML document using HTML frames. In the early days of the internet, frames were utilized to show numerous web pages inside of one another. They have, however, mainly been replaced by more recent web technologies. Authors can offer documents in numerous views using HTML frames, which can be separate windows or sub-windows. By employing several views, designers may keep some data visible while other views scroll or update For instance, separate frames inside the same window may each display a static banner, a navigation menu, and the main document, which can be browsed through or updated.

A-frames display information regardless of their container. A collection of several frames is referred to as a frameset. The arrangement is similar to how rows and columns are set up in a table.

STRUCTURE OF FRAMES

The tag in HTML doesn't have an end tag. Instead of using a body tag when using frames on a webpage, we use the <frameset> tag. We tell the webpage to break up into frames using <frameset>. The HTML document that should open in a frame is specified by the <frame> tag.

The cols attribute, which accepts a value in pixels, aids in defining the quantity and size of columns in a frameset.

<cols ="10%,80%,10%">

Similar to what we have above, the attribute rows accepts a value in pixels and aids in defining the quantity and dimensions of rows in a frameset.

<rows ="10%,80%,10%">

Different Types of HTML Frames

The loading of navigation bars into one frame and major pages into another frame has long been one of the functions of frames. Within a <frameset>, the "A-frame" tag identifies a single window frame.
Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Safari, and Opera Mini all support <frame>.
The frame's various and often used features include things like border, scrolling, src, name, etc.

Frame Tags: The `<frameset>` Tag Attribute

In this section, we'll go over five important attributes of <frameset>
1. Col: The vertical frames are determined by the col property. However, there are 4 other methods to specify the width:
• Pixels: They can be used to express absolute values. Cols="90, 45,90" can be used if three vertical frames need to be created.
• Percentage: The browser window's percentage might be indicated.
If three vertical frames are required, cols="90, 45, 90" can be used. We may alternatively use the wildcard symbol here () and let it occupy the remaining space in the window that isn't stated.
cols=”30%,, 30%”

OUTPUT

2. Rows: The horizontal frames are provided by the row property. The rows in a frameset are specified. If three horizontal frames to be made, we use:
Example: Rows="10%,80%,10%."
Like we did earlier with columns, we can now specify the height of each row.

OUTPUT

3. Border: It gives the width of each frame's border in pixels. Such as border="4". There is no border if border="0." is specified.
4. Frame-spacing: The distance between each frame in a frameset is determined by this characteristic. You can provide any integer value for this property.
For instance, frame-spacing="12" specifies a 12-pixel gap between each frame.
5. Frame-border: We utilize this feature to display a three-dimensional border between frames. The property can have a value of either 1 or 0. (Yes or No).
For instance, frame-border="0" indicates that there is no border.

The `<frame>` Tag Attribute

Let us look at eight attributes that can be listed in this section.
1. src: We give this property the file name that should be loaded into the frame. Any URL may be used as the value of this property.
For example, src=www.instagram.com
2. name: The frame is given a name via this feature. It specifies the appropriate frame for a document to be loaded into. We utilize this property if there are several links in one frame that open in another frame. Once the second frame has a name, it may be recognized as the destination of the link.
For example, name="abc.htm."

3. frameborder: This property specifies whether or not the borders should be shown. It either takes up 1 or 0 values (Yes or No).

4. marginheight: Specifying the height of the area between the top and bottom of the frame's border as well as the content of the frame is made easier by this feature. The amount is expressed in pixels.
For instance, marginheight="9".

5. marginwidth: This feature is useful for defining the width of both the frame's content and the area between the left and right borders. The amount is expressed in pixels.
For instance, marginwidth="20".

6. noresize: This feature essentially stops the user from changing the existing frames in any way. Any frame can be resized if this property is missing.
For instance, noresize="noresize."

7. Scrolling: This characteristic determines how the scroll bars that are shown on the frame will look. The value might be either "yes," "no," or "auto."
For instance, scrolling="no" indicates that there shouldn't be any scroll bars.

8. longdesc: You can link to a page that has a detailed description of the content of the frame using this property.
For instance, longdesc="framedesc.htm."

DISADVANTAGES OF FRAMES

Some smaller devices struggle to handle frames because their screens are too tiny to be broken up.
The back button on the browser might not function as intended.
Your website may occasionally appear differently on various machines owing to variations in screen resolution.
Few browsers still do not support the frame technology.
Only bookmark pages at the top level (the framesets themselves). Any Web page seen inside a frame cannot be bookmarked by the user. Even though modern software solves this issue, frames can impede website construction.
Frames make it simple to build websites that are poorly designed. The most typical error is to include a link that generates duplicate Web pages that are shown in frames.

ADVANTAGES OF FRAMES

The ability to see numerous documents on a single Web page is the fundamental benefit of frames.
In a single frameset, pages from many servers may be loaded.
You can load pages from different servers in a single frameset.
The <noframe> element can be used to address the issue that certain outdated browsers do not support frames. This element creates a part in an HTML document where alternate content can be included for browsers lacking frame capability.

BROWSER SUPPORT FOR FRAMES

If a user has an older browser that does not support frames, <noframes> elements should be displayed.
Since the <frameset> element is meant to take the place of the

element, the <body> element should actually be contained inside the <noframes> element. The contents of the <body> element, which is contained in the <noframes> element, are understood if the browser cannot grasp the <frameset> element.
It is a wonderful idea to display a notification in such circumstances for those who use outdated browsers. Such like "Sorry! Your browser does not support frames."

CONCLUSION

The majority of modern browsers do not support frame technology. It is frequently observed that the web page's contents are not correctly shown on smaller devices. In any case, it is advantageous to be aware of what was previously available so that better models may be created to work with new technology.

RDP VS VPN (REMOTE ACCESS)

Oswin Ayonoadu — Wed, 30 Nov 2022 13:24:04 +0000

Introduction
What is Remote Access?

Remote access refers to the capability for an authorized user to connect to a computer or network over a network from a distance. Users who are physically far away from the systems they need can connect via remote access.

Remote users can at any time access files and other system resources on any computers or servers that are linked to the network thanks to remote access. As a result, employees are more productive and can work more effectively with colleagues around the world.

VPN

What is a VPN?

The acronym VPN means Virtual Private Network.
A VPN is a service that aids in maintaining your online privacy. A VPN creates a private tunnel for your data and conversations while you utilize public networks, establishing a secure, encrypted connection between your computer and the internet.

VPN as a Remote Access
Through the internet By encrypting all user traffic, a virtual private network (VPN) enables users to safely access and use data and apps that are stored in company data centers and headquarters while working remotely.

A connection to a Virtual Private Network (VPN) is the most common way to provide remote access. Since other users and system administrators can see a user's network traffic on a public network, they often have no expectation of privacy there. Using a VPN, the user and the distant network can communicate privately over a "tunnel." The tunnel safeguards the flow of traffic, preventing its interception or manipulation.

How a VPN Works
No matter what device you use, such as a phone, laptop, or tablet, a VPN works by encrypting your connections. The servers of the VPN service provider receive your data via a secure channel. To the site you're attempting to access, your data is encrypted and redirected.

By building an encrypted tunnel through which your data is routed to a remote server run by your VPN service provider, it enables you to use publicly accessible public Wi-Fi, which is by nature inherently non-private. The data is subsequently sent by the VPN server to the website you want to connect to, encrypted and hidden from hackers and other cybercriminals.

Your computer's performance may occasionally suffer from VPNs. The location of the VPN's servers may cause this to occur. Think about a VPN with global server coverage for the greatest performance. Thus, a closer location can be used to route your data.

The draw backs of a VPN

Speed: It may take longer to access systems over VPNs. A VPN isn't always the ideal choice if access is needed fast or over a slow connection. Access controls are provided by VPNs, but the more restrictions you impose, the less effective the VPN connection becomes. VPN controls slow down the connection process instead of speeding it up, which is expensive for third-party representatives that need a speedy login to address an urgent issue.
Limited Access: Some VPNs restrict access to specific networks that your staff may use. Most VPNs can stop you from attempting to get into your company's systems while you're in fast motion(could be a flight or while driving).
Lacking in credential management: Password protection relies on your third parties protecting your credentials because VPNs can't manage, vault, or obfuscate them. Thus, the obvious question arises: To what extent do you trust your third parties?
No Identification of users: The main drawback of VPNs is the absence of access monitoring. While they are in use, third-party vendors are not recorded or subject to audits by VPNs. They lack the tools necessary to control vendor rep activity or hold reps responsible for their deeds while using a company's network. If there was an incident, there is no way to find its origin, and there is no video to look at to see how it happened.

RDP

What is an RDP?

The acronym of RDP is Remote Desktop Protocol.
It is a technical standard or protocol that allows users to access desktop computers from a distance.
RDP offers an encrypted tunnel, similar to VPNs, typically using SSL or other techniques, and then permits a "take-over" of an existing user's job, obviating the need for additional credentials. In essence, it enables users to log into another user's computer remotely and behave as if they were physically present on the network.

RDP as a Remote Access
The capability of a different computer to connect to and use a distant desktop computer. As though they were physically seated at their desktop computer, remote desktop users can access their desktop, open and edit files, and utilize applications. In order to access their work computers when away from the office or working from home, employees frequently use remote desktop software.

How an RDP works
Consider a toy car. From a distance, the user controls the drone or automobile by pushing buttons and steering, and their commands are sent to the machine. Similar things happen when someone uses RDP: instead of using radio waves to send their mouse movements and keystrokes to their desktop computer, they do it online. On the computer they are connecting from, the user's desktop is seen just as if they were seated in front of it.

Remote access is provided through RDP over a specific network channel. The data to be communicated is packaged by an RDP-capable program or service, and the Microsoft Communications Service routes the data to an RDP channel. The RDP data is then added to a frame and encrypted by the OS so that it may be transferred.

The draw backs of an RDP
1. Identities of vendors are not managed: It enables anyone with RDP capabilities to access the desktop of another user. Since RDP doesn't require rights, they are unable to track or log user registrations or the permissions granted to each third-party representative.

2. Poor or no access control: There is no method to set up access schedules or notifications. There are workflows for approval, but once a vendor receives clearance, there are no limitations on what they may access inside a network, which unlocks access to the entire organization's network. A vendor representative has the same level of access as the user they are connected to; there is nothing limiting their access.

3. Minimal session surveillance: The majority of monitoring is done based on the employee's whim who grants access to their computer. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that the worker won't leave their computer unattended, allowing a representative (or hacker) access to vital resources and data. The ability to record sessions is available in certain (but not all) desktop sharing software, however this option is rarely turned on.

COMPARISON BETWEEN VPN VS RDP REMOTE ACCESS BASED ON SECURITY

1. RDP and VPN both perform comparable tasks for remote access, however VPNs let users connect to secure networks whereas RDP only provides access to a single machine.

2. The primary distinction between VPN and RDP security is that an RDP, as opposed to a VPN, gives devices more capability. An RDP changes its IP address even when the same device is being utilized in order to increase security.

3. Access controls and session monitoring, two efficient methods of network access security, are absent from VPNs. RDP offers the extra features already described in addition to the unusual case of monitoring.

CONCLUSION

Remote access techniques like VPNs and RDP fall short and are unable to fully safeguard remote access. These antiquated methods, which have been the source of cyberattacks (like Colonial Pipeline), are still insufficient to shield businesses from data breaches.

With VPNs and RDP, the search for secure remote access does not have to end. Use this remote access security checklist to assess the security of your remote connections, or look for third-party access management solutions that outperform VPNs and RDP software.

UNDERSTANDING VARIABLES AS A BEGINNER IN PHP

Oswin Ayonoadu — Sat, 26 Nov 2022 09:07:15 +0000

Introduction

What is a Variable?

Variables are containers or placeholders which are used to store data, and that data can be used by assigning a name to the variable. Variables are very useful and powerful, it is used in all kinds of programming languages.

VARIABLES IN PHP

In PHP, a variable is declared with the dollar sign $, followed by the name of the variable:

Example:

<?php
$name = “Oswin”;
$number = 100;
echo $name;
echo $number
?>

Factors to consider before defining a variable

The symbol = is an assignment operator used to assign the variable name or value.
Numbers In variables do not have or need quotes “” around them, quotes are used to identify strings. This is how PHP knows that it is a number.
The function echo is used to execute the value by using the variable name.
echo $name;
echo $number;
You can choose to write variables however you wish, could be in upper cases or lowercases.
$Number
$NUMBER

Both variables above are acceptable but are different from each other. A value assigned to one cannot to called out by the other, why? Because variables are case sensitive.

For best results it is advisable to use all lowercase. If variable contains two words, then you can separate words with either an underscore _ or an uppercase.
$numerList = 100
$number_list = 100

Rules for declaring PHP variable:

A variable must start with a dollar sign, $ followed by the variable name.
It contains only alpha-numeric characters and underscore.
A variable cannot start with a number or special symbols, it must start with an alphabet or underscore _
A variable name cannot contain any space.
PHP variables are case sensitive.

CONCATENATION IN PHP

Concatenation is basically a series of interconnected things, joining things together.

In PHP you can add two or more different variable values together using concatenation.
It is done with the used of a dot (.)

<?php
$name = “Edwin”;
$number = 100;
echo $name . $number;
?>
 
RESULT :  Edwin100

note: To create a space between two values, you use the quote symbol “ “

echo $name . “ “ . $number

RESULT : Edwin 100

Things that can be assigned to variables in PHP

We can assign html tags to variables

$name = “<h1> HELLO </h1>”;

We can assign images to variables
We can assign many different data into a variable.
Keep in mind that you can only assign one value at a time.

Declaring a text, integer, and float

Let's look at a PHP variable example that stores string, integer, and float values.

Example

<?php  
$str="hello there";  
$x=56;  
$y=56.6;  
echo "string is: $str <br/>";  
echo "integer is: $x <br/>";  
echo "float is: $y <br/>";  
?>

Output

string is: hello there
integer is: 56
float is: 56.6

Case Sensitivity

Variable names in PHP are case-sensitive. The term "color" is so distinct from the terms Color, COLOR, COLor, etc.

Example

<?php  
$color="green";  
echo "My pen is " . $color . "<br>";  
echo "My house is " . $COLOR . "<br>";  
echo "My boat is " . $coLOR . "<br>";  
?>

Output

My pen is green
Notice: Undefined variable: COLOR in C:\wamp\www\variable.php on line 4
My house is 
Notice: Undefined variable: coLOR in C:\wamp\www\variable.php on line 5
My boat is

Conclusion

Depending on its value, PHP automatically assigns a data type to the variable. Since the data types are not strictly defined, it is possible to add a string to an integer without running into problems.