DEV Community: Sampreeth Nataraj

Custom Object Detection on Jetson Orin Nano

Sampreeth Nataraj — Wed, 02 Sep 2026 10:12:42 +0000

How to train the model to identify custom objects?

This is the initial pre-trained model that has a set of objects and images for detection (it fails to recognize a pen)

This is after training it to recognize a pen

Here is a step by step guide on how to identify custom objects

I have used my NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano running Jetpack7.2.1 for this project

Verify your JetPack version.

cat /etc/nv_tegra_release

Make sure the following JetPack contents are installed.

CUDA
cuDNN
TensorRT
VPI
multimedia libraries
NVIDIA container runtime

If you are not sure the JetPack is installed then type the following command:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nvidia-jetpack

Then run

sudo reboot

Verify the installed CUDA version:

nvcc --version

Check if you have Python installed

python3 --version

Create a YOLO project

mkdir -p ~/yolo-jetson
cd ~/yolo-jetson

Create a Python virtual environment

python3 -m venv yolo-env

Activate it

source yolo-env/bin/activate

Every time you open a new terminal you can activate it with :

cd ~/yolo-jetson
source yolo-env/bin/activate

Upgrade PIP

python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

Install Ultralytics

pip install ultralytics

Install the correct version of PyTorch for JetPack 7.2.1.

pip install torch torchvision --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu130

Verify PyTorch

python3

Then,

import torch
print(torch.__version__)
print(torch.cuda.is_available())
print(torch.cuda.get_device_name(0))

or

python3 -c "import torch; print('PyTorch:', torch.__version__); print('CUDA available:', torch.cuda.is_available()); print('GPU:', torch.cuda.get_device_name(0) if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'N/A')"

Install ONNX Runtime GPU

pip install https://github.com/ultralytics/assets/releases/download/v0.0.0/onnxruntime_gpu-1.24.0-cp312-cp312-linux_aarch64.whl

Run your first Ultralytics program

yolo predict model=yolo26n.pt source="https://github.com/ultralytics/assets/releases/download/v0.0.0/bus.jpg"

After this works you can run YOLO on your image.Create your image folder.

mkdir -p images

You can use images that are already annotated or annotate them yourseves using roboflow.
If you decide to annotate them yourself,

Create your project on Roboflow or any other similar platforms.
Annotate the object you want to train precisely.

Remember to annotate around 250-400 images for better accuracy.
Export the whole image set in YOLOv8 format

From the directory containing your dataset:

yolo detect train \
    model=yolo26n.pt \
    data=pen-dataset/data.yaml \
    epochs=100 \
    imgsz=640 \
    device=0

yolo predict \
    model=runs/detect/train/weights/best.pt \
    source=some_new_pen_image.jpg

Export to TensorRT

yolo export \
    model=models/best.pt \
    format=engine \
    half=True

Run TensorRT

yolo predict \
    model=models/best.engine \
    source=images/test_pen.jpg \
    device=0

Try it out!!

yolo predict model=models/best.pt source=0 device=0 show=True

or

yolo predict model=models/best.engine source=0 device=0 show=True

If it is the first test then run the test by running the following command:

cd ~/yolo-jetson
source yolo-env/bin/activate
yolo predict model=models/best.pt source=0 device=0 show=True

Getting Started With NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano Developer Kit

Sampreeth Nataraj — Thu, 27 Aug 2026 09:22:42 +0000

Requirements:

Jetson Orin Nano Developer Kit
Power supply (19 V)
A laptop or PC(Linux, Mac or Windows ) with at least 30 GB of storage space
Target storage (NVMe SSD or UHS-1 sd card 64GB or greater)
A USB flash drive (greater than 16gb storage)

Installation Steps:

Any storage attached to the developer kit can be utilised to install the Jetson Linux onto the kit

If you are using the SD card insert it into the SD card slot.

If you are using the NVMe SSD unscrew the screw and insert it into the slot on the underside of the board.

Check the UEFI firmaware version :

Connect the Developer kit to an external display through the DisplayPort.
Connect the power supply to the board.
Repeatedly press Esc after the NVIDIA boot splash appears

If the firmware is newer than 36.0 continue.
If the firmware is older than 36.0 complete the JetPack 6.x Update Path before booting the jetpack 7.2.1 Jetson ISO

The following steps are to be completed on the PC/laptop.

First download the Jetson BSP installation media ("Jetson ISO") image file from NVIDIA's website
I have used Balena Etcher to burn the ISO image into the bootable USB stick you can use any other alternatives of your choice
⚠️ Make sure to select the right drive to burn the ISO image to.

Final Steps

Insert the USB stick to the developer kit and boot the Jetson ISO and install Jetson Linux
Press "Y" and "Enter" on the firmware update confirmation .
After completion of the capsule update the install continues to the Jetson Linux (BSP) installation
At the Jetson BSP installation GRUB menu, select Install Jetson ISO r39.2.1.
Select the target storage device, either the installed microSD card or NVMe SSD.
Confirm the install operation.
Wait for the installation to complete.
Reboot when prompted.

BSP Setup

Use NVIDIA SDK Manager when you want a guided host-PC workflow for flashing Jetson Linux, updating firmware, and installing JetPack components.

Choose SDK Manager when:

You have an Ubuntu 20.04 or 22.04 x86_64 host PC available.
You want to flash firmware and a supported JetPack release in one guided workflow.
You want to install Jetson Linux directly to a NVMe SSD instead of using a microSD card.
You need to recover or reflash a developer kit from Force Recovery Mode.
You prefer a host-driven flow instead of Jetson ISO.

Install SDK Manager on the Ubuntu host PC. For more information, see the NVIDIA SDK Manager documentation and the Download and Run SDK Manager page.

If you are using ubuntu 22.04:

wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2204/x86_64/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install sdkmanager

launch SDK Manager:

sdkmanager

Connecting the target hardware

Connect the Developer Kit to your PC (host) with a type C USB cable
Short pin 9(GND) and 10(FC REC) using a jumper pin(safe) or a paperclip(metallic) if the screen remains blank and the board is powered then the short is successful

In SDK Manager, select Jetson Orin Nano [8GB developer kit version] and click OK.

Clear Host Machine so only the Jetson target remains selected.
Click Continue

Install Software Components

Select the list of componenthttps://dev.to/sampreeth/getting-started-with-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-developer-kit-ng7s you want to install and proceed.
Enter your host PC sudo password when prompted.
Download the packages you want on your host as well
When the images are ready, SDK Manager opens the flashing prompt.

Flash

In the flashing prompt, select Runtime for OEM Configuration.
Select NVMe to flash Jetson Linux to a NVMe SSD, or select SD

Card to flash to a microSD card.

Click Flash.
Remove the jumper pin if still installed

(This content is handwritten not 🤖)

Root your android device

Sampreeth Nataraj — Sat, 13 Apr 2024 19:21:00 +0000

What Is Rooting?

Rooting is a process of giving the device user the superuser permissions or the privilege to access the device system files

Why Is It Needed ?

Rooting allows elevated system access.
It enhances the engineering control over your phone.
You can decide what your phone can do .
The appearance of your device will be in your hands
(ultimately customisable).
All aspects of the operating system can be customised with
the only real limitation being the level of coding
expertise.
Rooting also gives you access to the device's system files.
It is done to remove the restrictions that the device
hardware manufacturer and the carriers have put on the
device

How To Root An Android Device?

If you are running android 12 or greater there is a
possibility that you are prevented to unlock the OEM so
follow the guide to downgrade your device.
In order to enable developer options and OEM unlocking
have a look at my other blog..
Put your device into fastboot mode
code : adb reboot bootloader
Connect your device to your pc through a usb cable and OEM

unlock.
code : fastboot oem unlock
You should get a message that looks similar to this
Press the volume down button once to select the 'yes'
option and then press the power button to unlock the oem.
To root your device you need to follow a few steps.

7.1. Download the device firmware either from their
community or from xda forums on your
pc.

7.2. Download Payload Dumper and
Platform tools on your pc

7.3. Extract and open the device firmware folder and copy
the payload.bin file for my oneplus device it looks
like this

7.4. Next extract the payload dumper folder and paste
the payload.bin file that we copied earlier in the
payload_input folder

7.5. Run the payload dumper application(as administrator)
this step will take some time wait for the application
to close itself.

7.6. In the payload_output folder copy the boot.img file
paste it to the suitable directory and type cmd and
hit enter in the text-box above.

7.7. Connect your phone to the pc through a USB cable .

7.8. Execute the following command:
code: adb push boot.img storage/self/primary/

7.9. On your phone search for magisk in your browser and
download and install the latest version. Or install
magisk
code : adb install magisk-ver.apk

7.10. Open the magisk application and click on install

7.11. Next click on select and patch a file then
navigate to the boot.img file on your phone and
select it.

7.12. Copy the patched file to your pc.

7.13. Enter fastboot mode on your phone and type the
following in your pc

fastboot flash boot patchedfile.img

Note: Remember to replace the patchedfile.img by the file you copied to your computer.

7.14. Boot your phone by pressing the power button and
you are good to go.
7.15. In order to verify if you are rooted or not ,
install the rootchecker app and hit on verify
root.

That's it folks happy rooting, dont brick your phone.

Downgrade your android device to android 10

Sampreeth Nataraj — Thu, 11 Apr 2024 14:05:07 +0000

Caution: This is only to unlock the oem of your mobile
phone and should be done only if you have android
12 or above in your device

Enable Developer Options:

Head to settings on your device.
Click on about device

3.Tap on Build number 7 times to enable developer options

You will get a popup saying that you are a developer now.
Head to developer options on your phone and turn the
on advanced reboot and USB debugging.
Connect your phone to your PC with a USB cable.

7.Once you've backed up all of your data, you'll need to
download an Android factory image of the version you want
to go back to. You can find this at the manufacturers
website if not then best place to find it is XDA forums

Download the SDK platform tools if you are using windows then,
1. Extract the zip file to the desired location.

Navigate to the platform tools folder and type cmd in the search text-box

Then type

adb devices

in the command prompt. You will get a string with the device being connected to your pc

Type

adb reboot bootloader

in the command prompt.

Your device will reboot into fastboot mode.
Now you learnt how to set your phone to fastboot mode.
Press the power button and boot your device.
Search for your local updater apk (for oneplus it is
oplocal updater
Caution: remember to do this in fastboot mode
From the stock rom you downloaded, take the .img file
and type the following command in the same directory

fastboot flash bootloader [bootloader file name].img

Downgrade to the desired version by selecting it in the apk installer.

Now you are good to go your mobile phone will be downgraded to the one you like.

Install Kali NetHunter On Your Android Device

Sampreeth Nataraj — Wed, 10 Apr 2024 15:27:13 +0000

What is Kali?

Kali Linux is a Debian-derived Linux distribution that is maintained by Offensive Security. It was developed by Mati Aharoni and Devon Kearns. Kali Linux is a specially designed OS for network analysts, Penetration testers, or in simple words, it is for those who work under the umbrella of cybersecurity and analysis.

Kali on android!

Exploring and working with Kali Linux is great but having it on your android device is exuberating. We can achieve this by following the steps below

My device

I have used a OnePlus 7 GM-1901 256 GB storage 8 GB RAM mobile phone with a Snapdragon 855 Octa-core processor. This ran android 12 earlier.

Why OnePlus 7?

It was on the Nethunter recommended hardware list
It was easily available.
I already had an OnePlus 7 and was happy with the service
and assistance. My device bricked once and i went to the
oneplus service center to get it fixed and they fixed the
software for free.
It was one of the affordable phones in the pre used
market.
The device firmware was provided by OnePlus Community.

How to install NetHunter on your android device

Important Repository
Note: You got to get the versions of the rom right dont ever mess this up here are some of the softwares that i used which may be of help to you.

1) Roms (Links)
2) Magisk to root your device
3) OnePlus Local Update for Android :- To downgrade
4) TWRP custom bootloader
5) msmdownload (to recover from bricking issues)
6) Nethunter

Summary of steps

OEM unlock the boot loader If you are on Android12 downgrade to 11
Root the device
Install Nethunter

Detailed Steps below

1. Downgrade your android device to android 11 or lesser.
(This step is to be followed only if you have a phone with
android version 12 or above In my case I had an android
12 running device and had to downgrade it to android 10.)

Root your android device.
Install Kali NetHunter.

In this post you will be successfully be able to perform the third step(installing kali nethunter)

Visit store.nethunter.com and download the apk
Head to "Downloads" in your local storage and click on NetHunterStore.apk
You will get a popup asking you to confirm installation of applications from unknown sources. Click on "ok".
Go to NetHunter store and search for NetHunter.

Download and Install : 1. NetHunter Terminal Kali Linux 2. NetHunter KeX bVNC customized for NetHunter KeX 3. NetHunter NetHunter installer, updater, and interface for Kali Linux on Android.

6.Open NetHunter Terminal and type the following commands:

pkg install tsu
apt install wget
wget -o install-nethunter-termux https://offs.ec/2MceZWr
sudo apt install nethunter
nethunter
nethunter kex passwd(give a password for kex)
nethunter kex &
1. Remember the port number eg 5901
2. Open NetHunter Kex application that we installed from the NetHunter store earlier and enter the password given to kex earlier under the VNC password textbox.

After entering the password click on open VNC

Enjoy your Kali android.

Password Exfiltration With Bash Bunny

Sampreeth Nataraj — Wed, 27 Mar 2024 09:09:09 +0000

In this project I have used the Bash Bunny "Getting Started With Bash Bunny" and used one of hak 5's payload to show a simple password grabber and how it works.

Author : Sampreeth.Nataraj
Creds : Hak5Darren, AlessandroZ, TeCHemically, dragmus13, RazerBlade, Jdebetaz
Firmware support : 1.1 and higher
Target version : Windows 7 and higher

Description:

Grabs password from chrome, internet explorer, Firefox, FileZilla and more... This payload makes use of AleZssandroZ's awesome LaZagne password recovery tool.

Grab some passwords

Download the latest lazagne zip file from .
Turn off the antivirus and malware detection .
Unzip the zip file and place the exe file in the tools folder.
Place the payload.ps1 and payload.txt files along with the lazagne folder in the preferred payload switch eg: switch1 or switch2.
Plug in the bash bunny (placed in the switch mode which contains the payload) in the windows machine and enjoy
The passwords grabbed will be placed in the passwords.txt file of the tools folder.