DEV Community: slashtechno

Self-hosting a Matrix Server With Synapse

slashtechno — Sun, 24 Sep 2023 21:24:59 +0000

Matrix is a versatile protocol for communication. Similar to ActivityPub, which Mastodon uses, Matrix supports federation. Thus, by self-hosting, you're using your own server whilst also being able to use your own domain.

Setup

Assuming Docker is installed, the first step is to generate the configuration file.

The following command will generate a configuration file in ./synapse-data. Change matrix.example.com to the domain that will be used. If you're running in Powershell, replace \ with ^

docker run -it --rm \
    -v $(pwd)/synapse-data:/data \
    -e SYNAPSE_SERVER_NAME=matrix.example.com \
    -e SYNAPSE_REPORT_STATS=no \
    matrixdotorg/synapse:latest generate

Configuration

Running the server now would result in a problem; registration and federation are not currently set up.

Registration

By default, registration is disabled. To enable it, edit ./synapse-data/homeserver.yaml and add the following:

enable_registration: true
enable_registration_without_verification: true

However, this is not recommended as this can lead to spam. Instead, some verification method should be used if registration is to be enabled. Using reCAPTCHA is one option. The Synapse documentation has a tutorial regarding this.

Federation

Federation allows Matrix servers to communicate. By default, it's expected that the server is run on port 8448 with TLS. However, in some scenarios, this may not be the configuration. For example, I run Synapse in Docker on port 8007. On the host, Nginx is installed with the following configuration, with a different hostname, in /etc/nginx/sites-available/matrix-federation:

server {
    listen 8008;
    location /.well-known/matrix/server {
        add_header Content-Type application/json;
        return 200 '{"m.server": "matrix.example.com:443"}';
    }
    location / {
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection "Upgrade";
        proxy_pass http://localhost:8007;
    }
}

I use Cloudflare tunnel to proxy my Matrix subdomain, on port 443, to <host IP>:8007. However, a similar Nginx config can be used for federation as well. Just make sure that http://localhost:8007 points to the Docker container and matrix.example.com:443 points to the address where Matrix can be accessed from outside your network.

Running the Server

The following command runs the server on port 8007. Note that you will need a client to use it.

docker run -d --name synapse \
    --name synapse \
    --restart unless-stopped \
    -itd \
    -v $(pwd)/synapse-data:/data \
    -p 8007:8008 \
    matrixdotorg/synapse:latest

Useful links

Cinny - A Matrix client
synapse-admin - Manage your Synapse instance from a web based interface
matrixdotorg/synapse - The Synapse Docker image with a useful README
Self hosting your own Matrix server on a Raspberry Pi - One of the tutorials I used
How to Install Matrix Synapse Homeserver Using Docker - One of the tutorials I used

One more thing

This is a simple setup and configuration. This is similar to how I run my Synapse server (at the time of writing). However, it isn't necessarily the best configuration.

Test post from slashtechno/api-blogger

slashtechno — Mon, 03 Oct 2022 00:46:04 +0000

Markdown: Syntax

Overview
- Philosophy
- Inline HTML
- Automatic Escaping for Special Characters
Block Elements
- Paragraphs and Line Breaks
- Headers
- Blockquotes
- Lists
- Code Blocks
- Horizontal Rules
Span Elements
- Links
- Emphasis
- Code
- Images
Miscellaneous
- Backslash Escapes
- Automatic Links

Note: This document is itself written using Markdown; you
can see the source for it by adding '.text' to the URL.

Overview

Philosophy

Markdown is intended to be as easy-to-read and easy-to-write as is feasible.

Readability, however, is emphasized above all else. A Markdown-formatted
document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking
like it's been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. While
Markdown's syntax has been influenced by several existing text-to-HTML
filters -- including Setext, atx, Textile, reStructuredText,
Grutatext, and EtText -- the single biggest source of
inspiration for Markdown's syntax is the format of plain text email.

Block Elements

Paragraphs and Line Breaks

A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated
by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a
blank line -- a line containing nothing but spaces or tabs is considered
blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be indented with spaces or tabs.

The implication of the "one or more consecutive lines of text" rule is
that Markdown supports "hard-wrapped" text paragraphs. This differs
significantly from most other text-to-HTML formatters (including Movable
Type's "Convert Line Breaks" option) which translate every line break
character in a paragraph into a <br /> tag.

When you do want to insert a <br /> break tag using Markdown, you
end a line with two or more spaces, then type return.

Headers

Markdown supports two styles of headers, [Setext] [1] and [atx] [2].

Optionally, you may "close" atx-style headers. This is purely
cosmetic -- you can use this if you think it looks better. The
closing hashes don't even need to match the number of hashes
used to open the header. (The number of opening hashes
determines the header level.)

Blockquotes

Markdown uses email-style > characters for blockquoting. If you're
familiar with quoting passages of text in an email message, then you
know how to create a blockquote in Markdown. It looks best if you hard
wrap the text and put a > before every line:

This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.

Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.

Markdown allows you to be lazy and only put the > before the first
line of a hard-wrapped paragraph:

This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.

Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.

Blockquotes can be nested (i.e. a blockquote-in-a-blockquote) by
adding additional levels of >:

This is the first level of quoting.

This is nested blockquote.

Back to the first level.

Blockquotes can contain other Markdown elements, including headers, lists,
and code blocks:

This is a header.

This is the first list item.

This is the second list item.

Here's some example code:
return shell_exec("echo $input | $markdown_script");

Any decent text editor should make email-style quoting easy. For
example, with BBEdit, you can make a selection and choose Increase
Quote Level from the Text menu.

Lists

Markdown supports ordered (numbered) and unordered (bulleted) lists.

Unordered lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens -- interchangably
-- as list markers:

Red
Green
Blue

is equivalent to:

Red
Green
Blue

and:

Red
Green
Blue

Ordered lists use numbers followed by periods:

Bird
McHale
Parish

It's important to note that the actual numbers you use to mark the
list have no effect on the HTML output Markdown produces. The HTML
Markdown produces from the above list is:

If you instead wrote the list in Markdown like this:

Bird
McHale
Parish

or even:

Bird
McHale
Parish

you'd get the exact same HTML output. The point is, if you want to,
you can use ordinal numbers in your ordered Markdown lists, so that
the numbers in your source match the numbers in your published HTML.
But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to.

To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging indents:

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.

But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to:

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.

List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent
paragraph in a list item must be indented by either 4 spaces
or one tab:

This is a list item with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor
sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit
mi posuere lectus.

Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet
vitae, risus. Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum
sit amet velit.
Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.

It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent
paragraphs, but here again, Markdown will allow you to be
lazy:

This is a list item with two paragraphs.

This is the second paragraph in the list item. You're
only required to indent the first line. Lorem ipsum dolor
sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Another item in the same list.

To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote's >
delimiters need to be indented:

A list item with a blockquote:

This is a blockquote
inside a list item.

To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs
to be indented twice -- 8 spaces or two tabs:

A list item with a code block:
```
<code goes here>
```

Code Blocks

Pre-formatted code blocks are used for writing about programming or
markup source code. Rather than forming normal paragraphs, the lines
of a code block are interpreted literally. Markdown wraps a code block
in both <pre> and <code> tags.

To produce a code block in Markdown, simply indent every line of the
block by at least 4 spaces or 1 tab.

This is a normal paragraph:

This is a code block.

Here is an example of AppleScript:

tell application "Foo"
    beep
end tell

A code block continues until it reaches a line that is not indented
(or the end of the article).

Within a code block, ampersands (&) and angle brackets (< and >)
are automatically converted into HTML entities. This makes it very
easy to include example HTML source code using Markdown -- just paste
it and indent it, and Markdown will handle the hassle of encoding the
ampersands and angle brackets. For example, this:

<div class="footer">
    &copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
</div>

Regular Markdown syntax is not processed within code blocks. E.g.,
asterisks are just literal asterisks within a code block. This means
it's also easy to use Markdown to write about Markdown's own syntax.

tell application "Foo"
    beep
end tell

Span Elements

Links

Markdown supports two style of links: inline and reference.

In both styles, the link text is delimited by [square brackets].

To create an inline link, use a set of regular parentheses immediately
after the link text's closing square bracket. Inside the parentheses,
put the URL where you want the link to point, along with an optional
title for the link, surrounded in quotes. For example:

This is an example inline link.

This link has no title attribute.

Emphasis

Markdown treats asterisks (*) and underscores (_) as indicators of
emphasis. Text wrapped with one * or _ will be wrapped with an
HTML <em> tag; double *'s or _'s will be wrapped with an HTML
<strong> tag. E.g., this input:

single asterisks

single underscores

double asterisks

double underscores

Code

To indicate a span of code, wrap it with backtick quotes (`).
Unlike a pre-formatted code block, a code span indicates code within a
normal paragraph. For example:

Use the printf() function.

Easily Use SSL on Nginx With Certbot

slashtechno — Thu, 18 Nov 2021 23:04:58 +0000

Install Certbot

Full instructions are here

To install Certbot, you should have Snap installed as well. For instructions, follow this tutorial.

Then, update snap
sudo snap install core; sudo snap refresh core
Finally in order to install Cerbot, run the follwing
sudo snap install --classic certbot
sudo ln -s /snap/bin/certbot /usr/bin/certbot

Set up Nginx

To use Certbot you should have server_name in your Ngnix config. For example, this is a sample of how my Nginx config file looked like before Certbot.

server{
        root /home/pi/website;
        server_name example.slashtechno.com;
}

Once you have the config set up properly, restart nginx. On most systems it will be the following command.
sudo service nginx restart

Using Certbot

Running Certbot for use with Nginx

sudo certbot --nginx

Removing a certificate

sudo certbot delete

Hello, world!

slashtechno — Sat, 06 Nov 2021 12:57:49 +0000

This is my first post on Dev.