DEV Community: Sumedha Biswas

20 Steps to Strengthen Your WordPress Security in 2024

Sumedha Biswas — Tue, 16 Jan 2024 07:15:59 +0000

WordPress is one of the most commonly used content management systems, especially for those building websites with an estimated 835 million websites running on them.
Despite being popular, hackers have found different vulnerabilities, and they use them to hack websites. Cyber threats can lead to serious issues like paying fines, losing your website permanently, losing trust amongst your customers, losing finances, and ranking lower on search engines, affecting your search optimization efforts.
It does not mean WordPress is unsafe to use, but rather one must implement different ways to secure their website.

The guide will cover 20 steps to secure their WordPress site in 2024.

1.Choose Secure Hosting Provider

A better hosting provider ensures your site is safe from cyber threats and performs better. A good hosting provider must be able to offer quick customer services, better features, and performance, maintenance, and monitoring. Ensure you read reviews of several website hosting providers and do enough research before settling on one.
Avoid using cheaper providers who, after a certain period, you might regret why you chose them instead of doing proper research. The best providers include Cloud Ways, Kinsta, WPEngine, etc.

2.Choose an SSL Certificate

Install an SSL certificate to encrypt all communication between the server and client, safeguarding sensitive data from potential hackers. This ensures that all interactions occur over the secure HTTPS protocol instead of the vulnerable HTTP. For comprehensive protection of both your main website and its subdomains, consider opting for a cost-effective Wildcard SSL certificate. With a Wildcard certificate, you can secure the entire domain and its associated subdomains, providing a budget-friendly solution for enhanced security.

3.Update Your WordPress

Using outdated versions of WordPress CMS exposes you to several cyber threats. WordPress notifies its users when they login to their dashboards when there is a pending update. Before updating your WordPress version, ensure that you have a better site backup and that the newer version is compatible with the existing plugins and themes. Updating fixes any vulnerabilities that hackers may use to attack your website.

4.Conduct Security Scans

Regular security scans will enable you to detect any vulnerabilities on your site and help you fix them in time. You must set a target and achieve it within the set period. Several Wordpress plugins can help you automate the whole process without you having to set them every time.

5.Install and configure Security Plugins

Installation and configuring security plugins will keep your WordPress safe and free from any cyber-attacks. Look for a plugin that offers many security features under one plugin instead of installing several websites, which affects the overall performance of your website.
Some core features in a security plugin include a firewall, source file changes, 2FA, login limiter, unauthorized logins, malware, etc. Choosing a premium plugin is better than a freemium one due to the number of features offered. Some commonly used security plugins include Word Fence, Jetpack, Security Ninja, Sucuri, and All in One WP Security.

6.Configure a CDN for Your Website

Content Delivery Network services like Cloudflare will enable you to have different copies of your files across different regions. CDN will allow your site to load faster by rendering the nearest resources that the users request. CDN protects your website from cyber-attacks like DDOS attacks, where hackers send unlimited traffic to your website to make it unreachable, keeping you from such attacks, and keeping your site safe and running.

7.Reduce the Number of Login Attempts

Cybercriminals use methods like brute force attacks, using unlimited entries to guess the password until they get it correct. Having unlimited entries will give them access to your site. Setting up login attempts using timeout and WordPress plugins like as Login Lockdown will keep your site safe as they will lock anyone who reaches the set limit by locking them for the set period.

8.Update Your Theme and Plugins

Update them to fix any security bugs in the previous versions. Outdated themes and plugins allow hackers to find vulnerabilities and attack your site. When there is a new update, most sites notify you to take action.

9.Secure your WordPress Site Login page

There are several ways WordPress website owners can use to secure their login page. Some of the common ones include:
● After inputting the normal logins, set up 2-factor authentication to ask for extra security like OTP.
● Use stronger passwords.
● Remove the default username and passwords and set new ones.
● Adding other methods of verifying logins, like using captchas.
● Changing the login URL from the default example.com/wp-admin to something else.

10.Avoid Using Nulled Themes and Plugins

Nulled plugins and WordPress themes are pirated versions of the premium ones, where the users believe that anything under the GPL version should be free. Many of the nulled versions contain malware and other cyber threats, which could lead to your WordPress website getting hacked, and you can end up losing your entire website to hackers.
When selecting which plugin or theme to use, ensure you get them from official marketplaces like their websites and Envanto. It will cost you a lot of money to get it back when your website gets attacked by malware.

11.Backup Your WordPress website

Conducting regular backups enables you to continue where your site was in case of a cyber attack compared to when you don’t have a backup. Remember always to have your site backup on a different server. The common methods for conducting backups include doing manual backups, using your hosting provider backups, and using WordPress plugins.
The advantages of using plugins are that they are automated, you can do it in one click, they have their environment, and some are free to use. Common plugins include BackWPup, UpdraftPlus, SolidBackup, BlogVault, WP BackItUpDuplicator, Jetpack, etc.

12.Disable All the File Editing

All WordPress sites allow administrators to edit the website code from the admin dashboard. You can turn this off by adding one line of code to the wp-config.php define( 'DISALLOW_FILE_EDIT', true );. It only allows individuals to edit the files using FTP, making it hard for third parties to have easier access to changing site source code and use it as a way to hack your website.

13.Update Your PHP Version

All Wordpress websites use the PHP language, and Wordpress developers normally have a minimum PHP version that their themes and plugins run on. Having the latest version makes your site run smoothly and eliminates any chances of hackers using the vulnerabilities to attack your site.
Newer versions of PHP get released almost every two years, which comes with increased security and fewer bugs. Each WordPress version also has its own PHP version. You can check your version by navigating to Site Health >Info>Server.

14.Remove Idle Users

When your WordPress website has multiple users, like administrators and authors, setting up a timeout to remove any idle users is good. Hackers use brute force attacks and cookie-hijacking methods to access your site. Setting timeouts will make them have a hard time when they try to access your site.
The easiest way to achieve this setting is to navigate to Settings> Idle User Logout, then choose the period for the timeout. This is after installing the Inactive Logout WordPress plugin.

15.Install WordPress Monitoring Plugins

Use monitoring plugins to get notifications of file changes, logins, settings, etc. It enables you to take faster action in case of an attack. When selecting which plugin to work with, do proper research before downloading and installing the plugin.

16.Check Your Website Permissions

When you own a site with many users, assigning everyone with different roles with specific permissions to the files is better. If one of them gets attacked by malware, it won't affect the whole site and will be easier to control. Train all your users with access to your site to spot any suspicious cyber threats and how to avoid them.
WordPress offers up to six roles that you can select from when assigning roles.

17.Change Your Database Prefix

When you install WordPress for the first time, all the database prefixes start with wp_, i.e., wp_comments, wp_posts,wp_links, etc. Most of the time, hackers will have an easier time accessing default fixes and sending different queries to see if they work. Changing them makes it hard for them to try to guess which prefixes you use for your site.
Be keen when changing database prefixes, as it can break down your site. You can change this directly by managing your accounts or using WordPress plugins like Brozzme DB Prefix & Tools Add-ons.

18.Hide Your WordPress Version, .htaccess, wp-config.php

Hiding your htaccess, wp-config.php will improve your website security details by ensuring cybercriminals cannot access your site files. You can achieve this by adding these two pieces of code (order allow, deny, deny from all) to the two files.
When you install WordPress on your site, it gets included in the source code, which gives hackers an idea of your version. If, in any case, your website operates using an outdated version. The hackers will use the vulnerabilities to hack your site, and you lose it.
You can achieve this using the code below:
function remove_version_info() {
return '';
}
add_filter('the_generator', 'remove_version_info');

19.Track the user's activity using Logs

Keep logs of all the activities that happen on your site, i.e., content publishing, logins, new installation of plugins and themes, the visitors' IP addresses, etc. It makes it easier to detect when there is unusual behavior and makes you take action. You can use WordPress plugins like WP Activity Log.

20.Remove All Unused WordPress themes and Plugins

Unused themes and plugins decrease your website performance and pose a big security threat. Since you don’t use them, there are higher chances of having the m outdated, which could expose your website to cyber threats like malware, viruses, etc. Never let inactive themes and plugins run freely on your website.

Conclusion

Many WordPress website owners believe that installing an SSL certificate is enough to secure their sites, which is not the case. Following our guidelines will enable you to ensure that hackers find it hard to hack your website. There are several benefits that site owners get when they follow the above steps.

Top 5 Steps To Become A Computer Networking Professional In 2022

Sumedha Biswas — Mon, 02 May 2022 07:01:40 +0000

A computer network is a collection of two or more connected computer systems. Cable or wireless media can be used to establish a network connection. In every network, computers and tools are connected by hardware and software.

A computer network consists of a variety of different types of nodes. Nodes in a computer network can be servers, networking devices, personal computers, and other specialized or general-purpose hosts. They are identified using hostnames and network addresses.

The majority of businesses and organizations have computers connected to networks, which often require maintenance. Network experts who have done a computer networking course help in the management of these systems.

Understanding the prerequisites for becoming a network expert by doing an online networking course might help you decide if this is the correct career for you. This article discusses what a network expert is, how to become one, the common talents that help network specialists thrive, the typical wage and career prospects for network specialists.

What Does the Term "Network Specialist" Mean?

A network specialist is a technological professional in which one administers a computer network and ensures that the network is configured properly to meet the demands of a business. A networking expert can operate in a range of roles, including installation, configuration, user assistance, buying, and administration, and in a variety of fields, including control operation, data recovery, and security.

Several enterprises and industries, including healthcare organizations, information technology corporations, educational institutions, and many more significant businesses that rely on computer networks, employ network specialists.

While the majority of network experts work in offices, some network specialists work from home or move from client to client. Network professionals frequently work late hours, especially when resolving networking issues, as the majority of organizations rely on their computer networks for communication and everyday operations.

What is a Network Specialist's Job Description?

A network specialist applies their expertise to the design, maintenance, and implementation of computer networks' hardware and software. Clients retain network experts to ascertain the type of network they want, build a network budget, gather network data, maximize network capability, and develop training programmers.

Network specialists plan the physical layout of a network, including the placement of computers and servers. Additionally, they assist users in gaining access to the network, protecting network data, and managing software compatibility. Additionally, a network specialist may have the following responsibilities:

The creation of network policies.
Configuration of antivirus software.
Cable and wire installation.
Managing systems for content screening.
Analyzing network data.
Data collection on network performance.
Assuring the network operates efficiently.
Securing a network.
Resolving network issues as they emerge.
Software and hardware installation and removal.
Changing permissions for security.
Users are educated on how the network works.

What Does it Take to Become a Network Specialist?

The following are the steps to become a network specialist:

1. Acquire a Degree

The majority of businesses are looking for network experts with bachelor's degrees in information technology, computer science, computer engineering, or a closely connected discipline. A degree in one of these technical subjects can provide you with knowledge and abilities in areas such as maintenance, computer network installation, security, administration, network design, basic programming, routers and switches.
Additionally, you may acquire hands-on training, gain field experience, engage in internships, and work part-time while pursuing a degree.
If you're interested in pursuing a master's degree in a certain area of networking, you can do so. Specializing in networking may make you eligible for specialized employment and even boost your earning potential.

2. Obtain Certification

While not all businesses demand certification, getting one might help you stand out as a candidate. Numerous professional organizations provide credentials for network specialists in areas such as network configuration, security, and troubleshooting.
The majority of network specialist credentials, including the Cisco Certified Network Associate certificate, may be earned by passing a course, test, or set of examinations. These, and many other certificates, need annual renewal through ongoing education and tests.

3. Gather Experience

Practical experience is a necessary component of becoming a certified network professional. On-the-job training begins with your first entry-level employment and lasts throughout your career. There are several opportunities to obtain experience and diversify your portfolio, including developing your own supporting senior specialists, networking initiative, and volunteering for family, friends, or small enterprises.
When you believe you have mastered the abilities required for your present work, you can choose to acquire additional talents, which will help you grow your skillset and portfolio.

4. Pursue Positions at the Entry-Level

Numerous network professionals begin their careers as technical support technicians or help desk specialists. On-the-job training is critical for acquiring the skills necessary to succeed as a network expert and moving to new jobs.
At the entry-level, standard training involves recording network problems, monitoring networks, and providing technical help to employees.

5. Decide on Your Path

As you acquire expertise, there are several options to specialize in your networking function. Computer networking professions vary significantly by sector, technology, and firm. After gaining entry-level experience, you will get lots of chances to specialize in your industry, including the following roles:

Network Administrator
Network Manager
Network Analyst
Network Technician
Network Engineer
Network Solutions Architect

These are all terms that refer to a person who manages a network. Consider which parts of networking are most appealing to you in order to assist you in defining your professional path.

Skills for a Network Specialist

Though there are several technical skills that assist network experts in properly carrying out their activities and responsibilities, soft skills are as critical to the profession. While technical skills can assist a network expert in resolving an issue, soft skills can assist a network specialist in locating the problem, communicating the problem to coworkers, and collaborating with a team to prevent future difficulties.

The following are some of the most often used talents by network specialists:

Security of the network.
Hardware expertise.
Service to the customer.
Multitasking.
Personality traits.
Problem-solving in a novel manner.
Communication.
Reasoning analytically.
Teamwork.
Leadership.

Jobs in Computer Networking

1. Network Engineer

A network engineer is accountable for the design and development of an organization's information technology network architecture. They design and construct new networks in accordance with business objectives and, where appropriate, integrate new technology into existing networks.
Their normal daily responsibilities include studying new networking technologies, allocating a technology budget, resolving network issues, installing new servers, and doing preventative maintenance on existing equipment.

2. Administrator of Networks

Network administrators are assigned the special responsibility of maintaining the seamless functioning and operation of an information technology network.
They oversee the organization's daily operations and may share some responsibilities with network engineers – however, network administrators frequently handle more immediate tasks, such as troubleshooting and configuring networks as needed. They are responsible for tasks such as performing routine security checks, reporting on system performance, and scheduling network repairs as needed.

3. Computer Technician

Computer technicians are in charge of the installation and maintenance of an organization's information technology software. Their daily responsibilities may include updating system software on a routine basis, customizing device components as needed, and giving technical help to users.
Professional network training enables such personnel to assure robust, fault-free connections between computers and the rest of their information technology network.

4. Sysadmin

Often referred to as "sysadmins," system administrators undertake comparable activities to network administrators but with a larger emphasis on individual computer systems. Their routine responsibilities may include installing or updating hardware and software, performing data backup and recovery; managing the organization's present security system; and offering user training.

Conclusion

A successful network boosts productivity, security, and innovation while maintaining the lowest possible overhead expenses. This is only possible with a well-designed and implemented system that is based on a clear understanding of the business's requirements.
While network development may appear to be a solely technological undertaking, it involves commercial input, particularly in the early stages. Additionally, network administration entails expanding procedures and growing and morphing in response to emerging technology.
Network professionals are in great demand as businesses invest in newer, quicker technologies such as mobile networks and computer systems. As technology advances, the demand for network professionals will also increase in the coming years.

Top 5 Online Courses to Help You Learn MS Excel in 2022

Sumedha Biswas — Mon, 25 Apr 2022 12:33:13 +0000

Ms Excel is popular software that can be used to create and edit spreadsheets. It also has an automatic data formatting option which makes it very easy for the user to understand how much data they have and how much data is missing.

This software is well known to help marketers, data analysts and accountants with data visualization and analysis. Excel has the capability to store, analyze and report huge amounts of data that can be organized and used with proper discretion by financial accountants.

While Excel is majorly known as an accounting tool, it is also a powerful tool used in business and other industries. It can be used to manage complex calculations, forecasts, budgeting, and more.

While Excel has many features that can be useful for business professionals, it can also be used in other fields. Many artists use it for their creative needs to create their own art pieces and designs. Others use it with apps like Photoshop or Illustrator to create vector graphics or design websites without any coding knowledge. These are just some of the few fields that the spreadsheet can be useful for.

Importance of Learning MS Excel for Your Career Growth

While Excel is majorly known as an accounting tool, professionals in any field can use its features and formulas. Its capability to provide a wide range of tools and data points makes it a valuable tool for anyone who desires to manage their workload.

It is not just about the job; it is about learning new skills that can help you advance in your career. MS Excel is a vital skill for any person who wants to advance in their career. As a newbie, you might be uncomfortable with MS Excel, but with proper practice, you will learn the tricks and features of Microsoft Excel that will make your life easier. Learning MS Excel will just take a few hours, and what's more, it can save you many hours in time-consuming tasks.
One way to learn Excel and enhance your knowledge in Excel is by learning new formulas and functions, as it has become such a valuable tool for entrepreneurs. Another way is by learning other skills which will help you build your resume with job opportunities in mind.

Top Online MS Excel Courses

1. LearnVern's Top Ms Excel Course (#1 Choice)

LearnVern is a top-rated online education platform that offers high-quality courses on Ms Excel.

LearnVern's Ms Excel course is a free training course for office employees and students who have little or no expertise with Microsoft Excel. It teaches them the key skills required for every kind of work-from data entry to creating dynamic spreadsheets.
The course also gives office workers and students the opportunity to learn at their own pace as they watch, listen and learn from a team of expert instructors through all 14 modules.

2. Advanced Excel Certification Course by Henry Harvin

This course is a comprehensive guide on Excel with advanced skills in Excel.

This paid Advanced Excel Certification Course by Henryharvin will take you from novice to expert. You will feel more confident about getting right into more difficult jobs after completing this course.

Unlike other courses, this course has been designed for maximum efficiency and for people who already have some experience with Excel. The course covers a lot of topics, including how to use Excel, keyboard shortcuts, sorting, formatting, and manually creating charts. These skills are essential for the traditional Business Intelligence Analyst.

3. Advance your Microsoft Excel Skills by The Knowledge Academy

The Knowledge Academy is the market leader in providing Microsoft Excel training around the world. Their "Microsoft Excel Team" consists of over 35 Microsoft Office experts with over 21 years of industry-recognised teaching expertise in the creation and editing of workbooks and spreadsheets. Their specialised experts have devised unique course contents to assist prospective candidates in mastering the skill of successfully using MS Excel capabilities to execute various tasks and increase productivity.

4. Online Microsoft Excel Courses & Certifications by Careers 360

Online Microsoft Excel Courses and Certifications by Careers 360 help to learn how to use Excel best. These paid courses are designed in such a way that they can be used by beginners as well as professionals to learn new skills and level up their careers.

Many of the courses offer step-by-step guides for both advanced and beginner users, practical tutorials and easy-to-follow videos that show you what you need to do. These paid online courses are taught by qualified instructors and offer certification opportunities for students who wish to obtain professional recognition from Microsoft. They teach students how to use the latest version of Microsoft Excel, including how to work with data, create formulas, customise layouts, and publish reports.

5. Microsoft Excel Training by Besant Technologies

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet programme that can assist people in achieving their business objectives. It offers a range of tools to help people and companies in different fields to make important decisions.
People can now employ software for their regular duties thanks to technological improvements. The Microsoft Excel Training by Besant Technologies lets students learn Microsoft Office software by following a curriculum of videos and interactive exercises.

The training videos are of immense help to students who can't afford to have the luxury of a teacher in the classroom. It also helps them learn in their spare time as they can watch a video and then practice on their own time.

Using Excel is making people more productive in their job, and Microsoft Excel experts are getting paid well for it. With the advancements in technology, automation and AI, these experts are getting better salaries with a lower workload.
These excel experts are not just limited to handling Excel. They can also work on advanced level analytics, data mining, predictive modelling, and predictive text analysis.

Conclusion

MS Excel is a powerful software that is becoming more popular in the workplace. It has a bright future, and it is one of the most in-demand skills. Excel has many advantages, such as being easy to learn, quick to implement, and flexible.
MS Excel has been used by well-known organizations for their products. MS Excel can also be used to develop analytical reports that will enable accountants and data analysts to learn by themselves. MS Excel can be learnt in just a few weeks if you are already a little bit familiar with the spread software.
If you want a career as an accountant or data analyst is an excellent idea.

Top 10 Things To Learn About Java's Evolution Into One Of The Best Languages

Sumedha Biswas — Thu, 17 Mar 2022 09:25:37 +0000

Today, particularly in the aftermath of a terrible pandemic, the internet and cellphones have become a vital part of our life. We rely on our phones for nearly all of our everyday activities. Previously, we shopped at malls, queued at banks, and booked trips through travel agents.

However, we can now accomplish all of this from the comfort of our own homes via our smartphones. All of this is made possible through Java, a high-level programming language. You can learn Java by taking Java tutorial for beginners.

Sun Microsystems launched Java, a cross-platform, object-oriented programming language, in 1995. Java is required nowadays to operate a variety of apps, including games, social networking applications, audio and video programmes, and so forth.
Here we will learn about the evolution of this programming language and how it became so popular.

1. What exactly is Java?

Java is a general-purpose programming language, similar to Python or JavaScript. Due to the language's object-oriented nature, it is comparable to C++ and C#. Additionally, Java is a platform-independent language, which means that Java code may run on any machine that includes a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
These two words were originally synonymous, and the JVM supported just Java. However, a variety of languages now run on the Java platform, including Scala, Groovy, jRuby, a Ruby implementation named jRuby, and Jython, a Python cousin.

Top 3 features

Concurrent execution allows you to execute many statements concurrently rather than sequentially.
A programming language that is both class-based and object-oriented.
Independent programming language that adheres to the "Write once, run anywhere" philosophy, which means that compiled code runs on any platform that supports Java.

2. Java's history

Java was created in 1991 by James Gosling and Sun Microsystems. While developing the language, he had a single motto: "Write once; run anywhere."
They first called it Oak after the oak tree outside Gosling's office. The name was changed to Green later on and then to Java Coffee, after the Indonesian coffee, before being abbreviated to Java in 1995.

3. Java Fundamentals

Java's fundamental notions are its object-oriented programming (OOPs) capabilities. OOP facilitates the creation and maintenance of software and applications by introducing ideas such as:
Object: An object is a discrete element or thing with a state and behaviour. For instance, a dog can be regarded as an object since it has a distinct colour, breed, and name. It is capable of barking and eating.
Class: A class is a class of related things. It is a blueprint that can be used to generate an unlimited number of things. Classes are used to arrange code in the same way as fruits, vegetables, and pharmaceutical items are classified at a store.
Inheritance: Inheritance is a notion in which one class inherits the characteristics and behaviour of its parent class.
Polymorphism: It is the process of performing the same task in a variety of different ways. It enables programmers to use the same word in a variety of contexts.
Several of the JVM-based languages, such as Scala and Groovy, were developed specifically for use in the Java environment. One may claim that Java played a significant role in the creation of C#.
C# was created after Java and likely received inspiration from it. C# also contributed in the evolution of Java, implying that the two languages are inextricably linked.

4. Java v/s JavaScript

There is no technological connection between Java and JavaScript. JavaScript was originally called LiveScript and was invented in the mid-1990s by Netscape. Because no one was using it, Netscape saw how much interest and expectation Java was generating and basically rebranded Livescript as JavaScript in order to syphon off some of that enthusiasm.

And it was a success - JavaScript grew in popularity. However, the two are technically unrelated; they merely share similar names. The only technical resemblance is that both languages are written in the C programming language. Thus, if you are familiar with Java, picking up JavaScript should be quite straightforward, and vice versa.

5. What frameworks should I use in conjunction with Java?

The wonderful thing about Java is that it is intended to be a fairly general-purpose language, which means that it can be used in a wide variety of situations. It is expressly designed to work on a wide variety of platforms, so you may run it on a:

Linux system
Unix box
Mac
Windows machine
Cell phone

6. Is Java a good introduction to coding for beginners?

Java is an excellent introductory programming language for a variety of reasons:
• Java has been around for a long amount of time to be pretty well established. Numerous great books and online resources are available.
• There are more Java programmers than any other type of programmer on the planet, which implies that a large number of individuals are already familiar with Java, and mentors and assistance are plentiful.
• Java's grammar, like the syntax of a huge number of other languages, is taken from C. As a result, if you are already familiar with Java, learning Javascript, C#, or C++ is substantially easier.
• Because Java is an object-oriented programming language, a large number of the core concepts learnt in Java are transferable to other programming languages.

7. A Java developer's role

Java developers use the Java programming language to create dynamic computer programmes and websites. Java developers may be engaged in all phases of application development, from idea and design to testing, production, and any subsequent maintenance. Additional tasks include, but are not limited to the following:

Phases of developing, implementing, and sustaining Java applications.
Conducting analysis, programming, testing, and debugging of software.
Recognize difficulties with applications.
Software application development, testing, implementation, and maintenance.
Making recommendations to enhance established Java application processes.
Creating technical designs for the creation of applications.

8. Java’s Components

The Java programming language is composed of three major components:
JVM: The Java Virtual Machine, or JVM, is a platform-independent Java component that provides an environment in which Java applications may be executed. As a result, the JVM loads the code, verifies it, executes it, and offers a runtime environment.
J*RE:* The Java Runtime Environment creates a platform for running and executing Java files. It is a software bundle that includes the Java Virtual Machine, as well as Java class libraries and a Java class loader.
JDK: The Java Development Kit, or JDK, is a superset of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). It provides a software development environment for creating Java programmes. The JDK comes with a private JVM and a few more resources necessary to complete the creation of a Java programme.

9. How to learn Java?

Java is amongst the most widely used languages, owing to Java's inherent versatility, dependability, and compatibility. Thus, it is a necessary talent to possess if you wish to pursue a career in programming. Here are some pointers:

Begin with the fundamentals of Java programming (variables, data types, conditional statements, arrays, loops, functions).
To grasp the fundamental ideas of Java programming, read a book on the subject.
Acquaint yourself with sophisticated themes (object-oriented programming, inheritance, abstract class, Java interface, collections).
Regularly practice coding in order to get experience.

Java workers get experience by working on a variety of different types of projects. As a result, they get an understanding of the demands of various industries and how they interact with developers.
On the other hand, some organisations place a higher premium on people who possess a Java certification since it brings value to the organisation.

10. Salary
In India, the average Java developer income is Rs 443,568 per year, or Rs 175.00 per hour.

Salary ranges from Rs. 278k to around Rs. 924k per annum, based on criteria such as location, experience level, and firm profile.

Conclusion

Despite its age of more than two decades, Java remains a widely popular programming language. According to a stack overflow poll, Java is the third most prevalent technology in the world. Another indicator, the TIOBE index, ranks Java second among the world's most popular programming languages.

Because Java is platform-independent, it is in high demand. This implies that Java programmers may quickly migrate from one computer system to another. Other programming languages lack Java's platform independence. This is why businesses are choosing Java at the moment.

Java developer salaries in India are rather competitive. Each time we use our phones, computers, or apps, we are benefiting from the labour of Java developers. That is why Java engineers are in high demand and earn a high salary. Anyone who wants to pick up a programming language which has a high potential in the future should pick up Java.

Top 5 advanced C programming concepts for developers to learn

Sumedha Biswas — Tue, 25 Jan 2022 05:56:21 +0000

Why Should You Learn C Programming?

C is a general-purpose programming language with a static type system that supports structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion. C is designed in such a way that its constructs map efficiently to standard machine instructions.

C teaches you about a computer's internal design, how it stores and retrieves data.
Once you've mastered C, it'll be a lot easier to learn other programming languages such as Java, Python, and so on.
Possibility of contributing to open source projects. C programming is used to create some of the largest open-source projects, including the Linux kernel, Python interpreter, and SQLite database.

Characteristics of C Programming

C, which programmers adore for its low-level and embedded programming capabilities, has progressively made its way into the semiconductor, hardware, and storage industries. The most significant characteristics of the C programming languages are as follows:

It includes built-in functions and operators that enable it to tackle nearly any difficult problem.
C is a language that combines low-level (assembly) and high-level programming; it may also be used to develop applications and interface with low-level system memory and hardware.
It may be written on virtually any operating system and is compatible with the majority of mobile devices.
Due to the assistance offered by C's datatypes and operators, programmes written in C run quickly.
It is easily expandable, as C++ was evolved from C and enhanced with features such as OOPS and others.
The libraries included with the programming language give support for the functions and operators.
Advantages of C programming language

1.Simple and Efficient
The fundamental syntax style used to build the C language is quite simple and straightforward to learn. This simplifies the language and enables programmers to rebuild or construct new applications.
Due to this feature, C is frequently used as an introductory language to introduce programming to high school students.

2.Fast

It is a widely accepted truth that statically typed programming languages are faster than dynamically typed programming languages. C is a statically typed programming language, giving it an advantage over dynamic programming languages.

Additionally, unlike Java and Python, which are interpreter-based programming languages, C is a compiler-based programming language. This accelerates the compilation and execution of programmes.
Another factor that contributes to C's speed is the absence of all except the most essential and required features.

Modern programming languages have a plethora of features that boost capability at the expense of efficiency and speed. Due to the fact that C provides a small set of key characteristics, the headache associated with processing these elements is reduced, resulting in greater speed.

3.Portability

Portability is another characteristic of the C language. Simply put, C programmes are machine-independent, which means they may be run on a variety of processors with little or no machine-specific changes.
As a result, it enables the use of a single codebase across numerous systems, depending on the demand.

4.Extensibility

A C programme can be simply (and quickly) extended. This means that if you already have some code developed, you can easily add additional functionalities to it by making a few changes.
Essentially, it enables the addition of additional features, functionalities, and operations to a C programme that already exists.

5.Libraries with a High Function Density

C includes a large collection of libraries and various built-in functions that simplify the life of a coder. Even a novice programmer can readily use these built-in functions.
Additionally, you can write your own user-defined functions and include them in C libraries. With such a broad scope of functions and operations available, a programmer can create an infinite number of programmes and applications.

5 Advanced C concepts you should be aware of
1.Allocation of memory dynamically

In C, memory allocation is classified as static or dynamic. The more fundamental of the two is static allocation, which is assigned to the Stack during execution.

Static allocation, once assigned, has a fixed size. Static allocation is used for global variables, variables with file scope, and variables marked with the static keyword.
Dynamic memory allocation is the more sophisticated of the two because it allows for size changes after allocation. The Heap stores this memory. Unlike the Stack, Heap memory has no restriction on its size.
Dynamic memory allocation provides additional memory when it is required, ensuring that you never have more memory than you require.
Additionally, dynamic memory allocation has performance drawbacks. Contrary to cached Stack data, cached heap data is not nearby.
Dynamic memory allocation imposes a significant burden. Variables cached to the Heap must be accompanied by an equal-sized pointer that can be used to locate the variable later.
For instance, a four-byte variable would also have a four-byte pointer associated with it. This indicates that Heap data consumes nearly twice the amount of resources as Stack data.
While dynamic memory can be expanded to accommodate additional data, it does not automatically deallocate memory when the amount of data decreases. You must deallocate memory manually using the free() function.
If you fail to deallocate your memory, you will immediately encounter a memory leak error, which may cause your software to run slowly or even crash!

2.Using gdb for debugging

Linux is the most often used operating system for C development. Linux includes a command-line debugging tool called gdb that will assist you in debugging your software.
Once installed, you can use gdb to run the complete programme, which will highlight logical and syntactical issues.

This enables you to:

Execute a programme sequentially.
An execution can be halted at any line/function in the programme.
Print intermediate values
Recognize the detailed execution flow.

3.Functions Pointers

Another method of calling a generated function is via a function pointer. The usual function call is function1 followed by the function name in parenthesis (). Function pointers enable you to call a function by specifying the memory location of the function, (*f) ().
To begin, you must store the desired function's location in a pointer variable. Once this is accomplished, you can use the function pointer in place of the regular function call.

4.Recursion

When a function contains a call for itself, this is referred to as recursion. Recursive programmes frequently contain commands and operations that are repeated in each iteration of the recursive call.
In C, you can call both user functions and main recursively (). In many cases, recursion can be used in place of traditional loops. As with loops, recursive programmes can run indefinitely if they are not terminated.
Typically, recursive calls occur within an if or else section.
For recursive programmes of the if type, the recursive call is included within the if segment. The programme will iterate until the if statement becomes false. The programme will then proceed to the else segment, which includes the return statement.

5.Typecasting and typedef

Typecasting is a C operation that converts one data type to another. Typecasting is a process that can be carried out implicitly or explicitly.
Implicit typecasting occurs when the compiler translates data automatically. Implicit typecasting is simpler to construct but frequently results in data loss during the conversion.
With explicit typecasting, you manually transform the data, allowing you to choose an earlier conversion point.

Conclusion

Though C extends all the way back to the early 1970s, it remains one of the most popular programming languages. Numerous businesses utilize C as a programming language for developing embedded devices, applications, and socket programming.
Despite new programming languages flooding the market, C programming language still keeps its forte and is constantly recognized as a top 10 programming language by developers. So why wait? Learn C programming and add its versatility to your portfolio. Take up a C programming tutorial and hone your C programming skills.

Learn Python with Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

Sumedha Biswas — Fri, 19 Nov 2021 06:43:46 +0000

Summary
Thanks to robotics applications, learning new programming languages is now possible and straightforward. Python is a frequently used programming languages today. Python has become relatively simple to understand because of robotics applications. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics have been present for more than half a century, and their breakthroughs are increasing at a rapid pace. The need for Artificial Intelligence is at an all-time high, and if you're interested in learning more about AI and robotics, you've come to the perfect spot. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics are the topics of this blog. With Python, you'll be able to grasp all of the ideas of AI and robotics through actual Python implementations.

A. What is Artificial Intelligence and Robotics?

Image Source: entreprenuersdiaries

Artificial intelligence (AI) and Robotics are the IT industry's new dark. While debates regarding the safety of its growth continue, developers continue to expand artificial intelligence's capabilities and capability. Artificial Intelligence has progressed far beyond the realm of science fiction. It became a requirement. AI, which is commonly used for processing and analysing large amounts of data, aids in the handling of tasks that are no longer possible to complete manually due to their increased volume and intensity.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a revolutionary term in the industry, and for a good reason. Artificial Intelligence, or AI, has progressed so far in the technological area that, according to a Gartner report, AI will create 2.3 million jobs by 2020, replacing the 1.8 million jobs it would displace.

Python is a frequently used programming language today. Python has become relatively simple to understand because of robotics applications. This language is ideal for creating a variety of apps. Despite the fact that there are many other languages to choose from, people choose Python for a variety of reasons. Python is a flexible and strong language when compared to other software and computer languages.

B. Why Is Python Best For Artificial Intelligence and Robotics?

Python also comes with a vast code library, making it a versatile tool for a variety of applications. Robotics is an example of one of these fields. The combination of robots with Python produces really successful work.

With the growing volume and complexity of data, AI and Robotics are now being employed to process and analyse it. To be fair, the human brain has the ability to analyse enormous volumes of data, but it is limited by the quantity of material it can take at any given time. Artificial Intelligence is not bound by this constraint. AI-assisted forecasts and insights improve company efficiency, reduce production costs, and boost productivity. It's no surprise that AI and Robotics are being used by numerous sectors to boost performance and accelerate product development.

The industrial robots market is estimated to be worth $80 billion. The majority of robotics advancements are attributable to advancements in the artificial intelligence (AI) industry. In the robotics field, artificial intelligence aids in the control of robots. Python is a widely-used programming language due to its ease of use and flexibility.

C. Why has Python gained so much popularity in all these fields?

Source: quintagroup

Following are some of the major reasons why Python is the first choice of language for any core software developer or data scientist, or machine learning engineer or any other:

Less Code: Implementation of Artificial Intelligence is a necessity for a larger number of functionalities. Thanks to Python's pre-defined packages, we don't have to code all the algorithms. To make things easier, Python has a "check as you code" methodology that decreases the amount of time spent testing the code.

Prebuilt Libraries: Python has a large number of pre-built libraries which helps in implementing Artificial Intelligence and Robotics functionalities. So, each time you want to run an algorithm on a data set, all you have to do is write and run a single line code to install and load the appropriate packages. NumPy, Tensorflow, Pytorch, Keras and other pre-built libraries are examples.

Ease of learning: Python has a fairly basic syntax that can be used to implement simple computations like adding two strings to more sophisticated procedures like developing a Machine Learning model.

Platform Independent: Python can operate on a variety of platforms, including Windows, macOS, Linux, Unix, and others. You can use tools like PyInstaller to take care of any dependency concerns while migrating code from one platform to another.

Huge User Community: Python has a large user community that is always willing to help when we run into coding issues. Python offers various communities, groups, and forums where programmers can discuss their issues and support one another, in addition to a large fan base.

D. Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Libraries in Python

Because this blog is about Python for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, I'll show you some of the most useful and popular Artificial Intelligence-based Python libraries.

Tensorflow: It is a Google-developed library is widely utilised in the development of Machine Learning algorithms and the execution of complex calculations involving Neural Networks.

Scikit-Learn: Scikit-learn is a NumPy and SciPy-related Python package. It is considered one of the best libraries for dealing with large amounts of data.

Numpy: Numpy is a Python module that is used to compute scientific and mathematical data.

Theano: Theano is a functional library that efficiently calculates and computes multi-dimensional array mathematical expressions.

Keras: This library makes it easier to build neural networks. It also provides the best features for constructing models, assessing data sets, displaying graphs, and many other things.

NLTK: NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit): Kit is a Python library for Natural Language Processing, text analysis, and text mining that is a free source.

Python is compatible with robotic operating systems. Python has computational libraries that are necessary for the robotics area. Python Remote Objects (Pyro), for example, is a library for creating applications in which objects can communicate with one another over the internet. Pybotics is a Python toolbox for robot kinematics and calibration that is open-source. Pyrobotics was created with the goal of providing a simple, clear, and compact interface for quickly simulating and evaluating various robot concepts, including kinematics, dynamics, and calibration. PyRobot is a Python toolkit for comparing and running robot learning experiments. It's suitable for applications that don't have APIs. We can now run robots without having to deal with robot-specific software, thanks to this library. Python's robotic libraries are really handy. Even simply for this vast library pool, Python can be taught.

E. Demand For Robotics and Artificial Intelligence

Since AI was invented in the 1950s, we've seen an exponential increase in the potential of Artificial Intelligence. But, the question is why has AI suddenly become so important? Why are we discussing Artificial Intelligence and Robotics right now?

The following are the primary reasons behind AI and Robotics enormous popularity:

More computational power: Building AI and Robotics models includes important calculations and the implementation of complex neural networks, which requires a lot of computing power. This led to the invention of GPUs.

Data Production: Over the last years, we've produced a lot of data. Machine Learning algorithms, other Robotics and AI approaches must be used to examine and process such data.

Broad Investment: As tech titans such as Tesla, Netflix, and Facebook began to invest in Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, the technology grew in prominence, resulting in a rise in demand for AI and Robotics-based solutions.

Artificial Intelligence and Robotics are growing at an exponential rate, and it is contributing to the economy at a rapid rate. As a result, now is an excellent time for you to enter the field of Artificial Intelligence.

F. Job Profiles after learning Python with Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

According to Indeed, the demand for AI and Robotics capabilities has more than doubled in the last three years, with a 119 per cent increase in job posts. Without the many Job Profiles, this Artificial Intelligence and Robotics with Python blog would be incomplete. So, if Artificial Intelligence and Robotics fascinate you and you want to work in the sector, below are the various Job Profiles you can apply for if you have AI and Robotics skills.

Machine Learning Engineer
Big Data Engineer/Architect
Artificial Intelligence Engineer
Research Scientist
Business Intelligence Developer
Data Scientist
Conclusion

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics are techniques that allow machines to replicate human behaviour. Artificial intelligence (AI) and Robotics is the study and development of computer systems that can do activities that would ordinarily require human intelligence, such as vision, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation. You can learn all about how to implement Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics with Python from various free python online courses on different platforms.

What You Know About JavaScript Tutorial And What You Don't Know About JavaScript Tutorial

Sumedha Biswas — Fri, 29 Oct 2021 11:50:47 +0000

Introduction to JavaScript

JavaScript is the main language used to build web pages, especially on the client side. There are many JavaScript frameworks available on the market, but most of them are aimed at developing web apps. If you are not familiar with JavaScript or have never written a single line of JavaScript before then, this blog will probably be very interesting for you.

It is built on top of the C++ language. It has a large number of features and is used in a wide range of industries. It can be used to build web applications, games, data processing apps, websites and so on.

5 things you must know about JavaScript Tutorial

For any web developer, knowing JavaScript is absolutely mandatory. Knowing a little bit of HTML or CSS is no longer going to help you get through anywhere in your career as a JavaScript developer.

In this blog, we'll address some of the most common things that you must know, and you might not know as a new JavaScript developer. Here are a few things that any new JavaScript developer should be aware of:

You can add properties to almost everything
Functions are objects
Automatic type conversions
Variable scoping
Variables that aren't explicitly declared can be global
You can add properties to almost everything

Boolean, Number and String are the only primitive data types in JavaScript. Other than these, you will be able to add a property to everything until they are undefined or have a null value.

For example, String, even though it is a primitive type ("hi"), there exists another type of String in JavaScript, which is an object (new String("hi")). The javascript object is a fundamental part of javascript programming. It is used to create and manipulate strings, numbers, arrays, and many other types of objects.

Functions are objects

Most languages support functions as values. But since considering you are from totally a different background, you might not be aware of this. In simple words, a function is an object that performs one or more tasks. They can be small pieces of code to solve a specific problem, like calculating the distance between two objects, or complex algorithms like Newton's laws.

Functions can also be defined as objects that can be used by other objects in JavaScript. They can be used to solve certain problems, often without any programming knowledge. Examples of functions are average, mean, maximum, round and others.

Figure 1. Source: Google

Automatic type conversions

In the past, developers had to write their own code to do automatic type conversions. This was a pain as developers had to write their own code for the conversion of characters and numbers into other characters or numbers. Now with automatic type conversions, developers can focus on what they are good at - writing clean code.

Figure 2. Source: Google

For example, with the help of automatic type conversions, JavaScript will be able to read text from different languages and convert it into one programming language.

Variable scoping

Variable scoping in JavaScript is a very common and common practice. It's so obvious and frequently used that you may even forget that it exists. It is a feature of JavaScript that allows you to write code that runs in multiple locations and run at the same time.

Figure 3. Source: Google

Variable scoping is useful when you need to be able to adapt your code to different circumstances. For example, you could want a variable scope for dynamic variables and constant values but not for global variables and constants.

This feature allows you to write:

var $page = "page"; $page = 'this is a constant' ; $page = '$GLOBALS[' + $GLOBALS[$GLOBALS] + ']=' ; var $count = 10; var count = 0; function count() { // ... } count(); // Prints 1

While there are many other features like this one, this example focuses on the variable.

Variables that aren't explicitly declared can be global.

Global variables are very useful for programmers. However, there are situations where they can be hazardous to use. These situations may arise in the programmer's code when you forget to use the 'var' keyword for a variable while wrapping up a function. So this is when JavaScript assumes the variable as Global. Variable names/identifiers are an important part of any programming language.

There is no such thing as "data" and "character" in object-oriented languages because objects do not really object but are just collections of data. So if you do not define them explicitly in the scope of your function, they become a global variable.

3 things you might not know about JavaScript Tutorial

Even though JavaScript is widely used nowadays and everything is quite open and common for most developers, there are still some points which many developers like you who are at the beginning of their learning process might not know.

The -0
NaN (Not a number) is a special number!
Some cool icons using HTML Entity
The -0

Well, it is pretty obvious that many of you might not be aware that there is a -0 value in JavaScript. Even though we use the +0 as a default value, but the -0 is also present in the JavaScript language. Both +0 and -0 are of the same/equal value, and hence only 0 is returned as a result.

Figure 4. Source: Google

NaN (Not a number) is a special number!

JavaScript is one of the most popular programming languages in the world. It has been used to create web pages for over a decade and continues to grow in popularity. However, it is not well known among computer users, and only a minority of developers would know about it.

A NaN (Not a number) is a number with an unknown value. That is why it needs to be represented by the letter NaN (Not a number). You can use the code 'typeof NaN' and see yourself what it returns, and also, just for a piece of additional information, the result for 'NaN==NaN' always returns a false value in Javascript.

Figure 5. Source: Google

Some cool icons using HTML Entity

As we all know, while developing a website, creativity plays a very vital role in terms of client satisfaction. Using the same old structure and codes for outdated icons makes your website definitely visually unappealing.

So it is always better to invoke the HTML Entity in your codes to add some really cool icons to your JavaScript projects. You can always use the following code to use the desired icons.

Figure 6. Source: Google

Conclusion

With the rapid development of JavaScript, it is surprising that there are still some people who think that programming is not possible in general. But, you can still learn how to program with JavaScript and do simple stuff like creating graphs or graphs of numbers from other websites providing free JavaScript tutorials.

This blog presents different unusual ways by which JavaScript can be used for various tasks. There are still many opportunities for developers to use JavaScript for their applications and websites - it's just that they have not yet used any of them because they do not have basic knowledge about JavaScript or have not found an easy way or tutorial to use them in their applications or websites.

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You can add properties to almost everything

The -0