[For developers] Install Docker on Ubuntu and build a virtual machine

Takahashi Akari — Wed, 26 Apr 2023 15:56:40 +0000

Introduction

Although it can be used in a production environment, this time we will describe how to build a virtual machine with Ubuntu 22.04LTS (desktop) for development.
Reasons why a virtual machine is necessary include 'I want to quickly create a common environment for the team,' 'I can rebuild it even if it breaks,' and 'I can restore it to its original state even if I make a mistake.'
For the time being, this time, I will describe how to build it quickly.

*Use Terminal.

build environment

It is the environment of the PC at the time of writing the article.
OS: Ubuntu 22.04LTS (Desktop)
CPU: 4Core
Memory: 16GB
Storage: 512MB

Now let's install Docker.

1. Update packages

Update the package to the latest version.

$ sudo apt update -y
$ sudo apt upgrade -y

Install Docker

Install Docker now.
The installation procedure is as follows.

$ sudo apt install lsb-release ca-certificates apt-transport-https software-properties-common -y
$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
$ echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
$ sudo apt update -y
$ sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin docker-compose

Docker installation is now complete.

Make Docker commands available without sudo.

$ sudo group add docker
$ sudo gpasswd -a $USER docker
$ sudo systemctl restart docker

Now that you can use Docker commands without sudo, let's try it out.

check docker docker-compose installation

$ docker -v
Docker version 20.10.17, build 100c701

$ docker-compose
docker-compose version 1.29.2, build unknown

It is OK if the version is displayed.
Now, let's install the latest UbuntuOS on Docker.

Install the latest UbuntuOS on Docker using docker-compose

Create a directory anywhere here.

$ mkdir ~/temp && cd ~/temp
$ touch docker-compose.yml
$ vim docker-compose.yml

Make your docker-compose.yml look like this: (simple configuration)

version: '3'
services:
   ubuntu:
     image: ubuntu:latest
     tty: true

Run the latest Ubuntu on Docker using docker-compose

Now, it's finally time to run Ubuntu on Docker.

$ docker-compose up -d

That's it. Wait for a while.

Check if Ubuntu is running on docker and log in

docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4b671926c5cd ubuntu:latest "bash" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes docker_ubuntu_1

One virtual machine is running! Great success
Now let's log into the virtual machine. Copy the above CONTAINER ID and execute the following command.

docker exec -it 4b671926c5cd /bin/bash
root@4b671926c5cd:/#

I was able to log in as root! Now let's update the package.

root@4b671926c5cd:/# apt update -y && apt upgrade -y

You can exit the container with "exit".

stop the virtual machine

You can't run a virtual machine all the time. Now stop the virtual machine.

$ docker-compose stop

delete all Docker virtual machines

It can also consume machine resources, so you may need to clear it as well.
I will show you how to delete it.

$ docker-compose down
$ docker system prune -f -a

that's all.

DEV Community: Takahashi Akari