DEV Community: UdhayaNithi7

Architect of WebDrivers, Significance of Virtual Environment of Python.

UdhayaNithi7 — Mon, 02 Oct 2023 23:56:23 +0000

Python Selenium Architecture:

Python Selenium is an automation framework used for automation browsers & web application testing and web scraping. Its architecture contains several inbuilt functions and libraries that work together to automate interactions with web browsers.

Components of Selenium Architecture

Selenium WebDriver
Client Libraries
JSON Wire Protocol
Browser
Web Application
Tests/Scripts
Sandboxing
Remote WebDriver

Selenium WebDriver

At the core of Selenium is the WebDriver, which is responsible for interacting with web browsers. WebDriver communicates with the browser through a native browser-specific driver, which acts as a bridge between the WebDriver API and the browser.
It provides a platform-specific API for automating browser actions. There are different WebDriver implementations for various browsers (e.g., ChromeDriver, GeckoDriver for Firefox, EdgeDriver, etc.).

Client Libraries

The Python Selenium client library provides classes and methods to interact with web elements, manage browser sessions, and perform numerous tasks on the web pages. The primary client library for Python Selenium is the Selenium WebDriver Python API. These libraries enable developers to write Python scripts to automate tasks on web applications.

JSON Wire Protocol

The JSON Wire Protocol is a communication method used between the WebDriver and the browser's native driver. The Selenium client library in Python communicates with the WebDriver using this protocol. It defines a set of RESTful APIs and JSON payloads to send commands and receive responses.

Browser

Selenium supports multiple web browsers, including Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari, and others. Each browser has its own WebDriver implementation, ensuring compatibility and consistency across different browsers. The web browser is the target application for automation.

Web Application

Selenium allows you to locate web elements (e.g., buttons, input fields, links) within the web application's DOM (Document Object Model) and perform actions on it.

Tests/Scripts

Selenium scripts use WebDriver methods to navigate to web pages, interact with elements, submit forms, extract data, and perform various other operations. These scripts define a series of actions and verifications to be performed on the web application Test scripts are written by testers using the Selenium client library in Python.

Sandboxing

Each virtual environment contains its own Python interpreter and libraries, ensuring that one project's dependencies do not interfere with another's. Sandboxing allows you to isolate Python projects and their dependencies. Isolated virtual environments enhance stability and security. Bugs or updates in one project won't affect others, reducing the risk of security vulnerabilities.

Remote WebDriver

A Remote WebDriver in Selenium is a way to execute Selenium scripts on a remote machine, allowing you to control a web browser that runs on a different computer or environment. This is useful for distributed testing scenarios like, cross-browser testing.

Python Virtual Environment

A virtual environment is a networked application that allows a user to interact with both the computing environment and the work of other users A Python virtual environment is a self-contained and isolated Python environment that allows you to manage and control dependencies, libraries, and packages for a specific project separately from the system-wide Python installation

Significance of Python Virtual Environment

Python virtual environments are significant for decoupling the python installations & pip packages, as they provide a way to isolate and manage project-specific dependencies, maintain reproducibility, and avoid conflicts between packages.

Dependency Isolation

Virtual environments allow developers to isolate project-specific dependencies, including libraries and packages to preventing conflicts between package versions.

Example:

On working with Project A and Project B. Project A requires requests==2.24.0, while Project B requires requests==2.26.0. Without virtual environments, installing one version of requests would break the other project.

Version Management:

Virtual environments allow you to work with different Python versions for different projects. ensuring compatibility with project-specific requirements.

Example:

create virtual environments for Python 2.x and Python 3.x projects, for example, and switch between them easily.

Reproducibility:

Virtual environments make it easy to replicate the exact development environment on another machine by specifying project dependencies in a requirements.txt file.

Example:

To share your project's dependencies, create and maintain a requirements.txt file.
Generate a requirements.txt file
pip freeze > requirements.txt
Share the requirements.txt file with collaborators

No Administrative Privileges Required:

Virtual environments allow you to work on multiple projects with varying dependencies on a single system. This is especially useful on shared hosting or systems where you don't have full control.

Example:

You can create a virtual environment in your user directory without needing superuser permissions.
--Create a virtual environment in your home directory
python -m venv ~/myenv

Testing and Isolation:

Isolation in testing means creating controlled environments for testing code to prevent interference or contamination from external factors. Virtual environments are invaluable for testing because they allow us to create an isolated environment for testing your code without affecting the global Python environment.

Example:

Consider setting up a virtual environment for running unit tests.
--Create a virtual environment for testing
python -m venv test_env
--Activate the testing environment
source test_env/bin/activate
--Install testing dependencies
pip install pytest
--Run tests within the isolated environment
pytest my_tests.py

Selenium & Automation

UdhayaNithi7 — Sun, 01 Oct 2023 05:16:58 +0000

Define Selenium
Selenium is a open-source software framework widely used for automating web browsers, web application testing, including load testing functional testing, and regression testing across various browsers and platforms. Selenium can be used to extract data from websites by programmatically navigating web pages, filling out forms, clicking buttons, and extracting information from the resulting pages. Test scripts can used to simulate the user interactions with a web application to verify that it behaves as expected. Selenium can automate repetitive tasks in web browsers, such as filling out web forms, navigating websites, and taking screenshots.
Architect of Selenium Framework
Selenium Software is not just a single tool but a comprises of suite of software, each piece performs to different Selenium QA testing

*- 1. *- Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

2. - Selenium Remote Control (RC)
3. - WebDriver
4. - Selenium Grid ****

Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE):
Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is an open-source record-and-playback tool primarily designed for creating and running Selenium test cases. Browser extensions available for selenium ide are chrome, Firefox, edge.

Selenium Remote Control (RC)
This is an older version of Selenium that has been largely replaced by WebDriver. It was the first Selenium project that allowed developers and testers to write automated web tests in various programming languages. Later, Selenium RC has been largely deprecated and replaced by Selenium WebDriver due to limitations and issues in its architecture.

WebDriver:
Selenium WebDriver is a core component of the Selenium framework that enables automation of web browsers. WebDriver allows you to write scripts in various programming languages to automate tasks in web browsers It provides a programming interface to interact with web elements and perform actions on web pages.

Selenium Grid :
Selenium Grid is a component of the Selenium automation framework that used for parallel test execution. It enables running tests on multiple machines and browsers simultaneously, making it useful for large-scale testing.

Why Selenium in Automation Testing:
Testing is the most crucial phase in the software development lifecycle and its main objective is to ensure bug-free software that meets customer requirements. Manually Testing the software is strenuous and manual execution of test cases against various applications to detect bugs and errors takes ample of time, so selenium came into picture and makes the testing highly validated and done in lesser time.

Features of Selenium Testing:
Cross-Browser Compatibility Testing: Selenium allows you to test web applications across multiple web browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, and Internet Explorer. This is essential for ensuring that web applications work correctly and consistently on various browsers, which is critical given the diversity of browsers used by end-users.

Load Balancing: Selenium Grid provides load balancing capabilities, distributing test execution evenly across available nodes. ensuring that new code changes do not introduce unintended side effects or break existing functionality.

Efficiency and Speed: Automation with Selenium can execute tests much faster than manual testing method and lesser bugs & error in testing. Automated tests perform repetitive tasks consistently and precisely, reducing the likelihood of human errors and ensuring that tests are executed the same way every time.

Reusability: Test scripts written with Selenium can be reused across different test scenarios, saving time and effort in script creation and maintenance

_Support for Multiple Programming Languages: _Selenium supports multiple programming languages like., Java, Python, C#, Ruby enabling teams to use their preferred language for test automation and it can be integrated with various third-party tools and frameworks to enhance testing capabilities.

Continuous Integration (CI) Integration: Selenium can be seamlessly integrated into CI/CD pipelines, allowing you to automate test execution as part of your development workflow.

Scalability: Selenium can scale to accommodate the growing test suites for the projects and the need for concurrent testing on multiple browsers and platforms can be increased

Headless Testing: Selenium supports headless browser testing, where the browser operates without a visible GUI. This is useful for running tests in the background, and reducing the resource consumption and improves the test execution speed.

Pros Vs Cons of Manual Testing

UdhayaNithi7 — Mon, 04 Sep 2023 00:36:09 +0000

Manual Testing
Manual testing is a software testing method where testers execute test cases and verify the software functionality, usability, and other features manually, without using any automation tools or scripts. In manual testing, human testers play a vital role in identifying defects, verifying whether the software meets the specified requirements, and ensuring that it functions as expected.

Benefits of Manual Testing

Manual testing allows testers to interact with the software just like end-users would which gives insights to the actual user experience and identifying usability issues which are all unnoticed during automated testing.
Human testers have the ability to explore the software in an ad hoc manner, and identifying the unexpected issues and scenarios that are all not covered by predefined test cases.
Manual Testing is highly effective on Non Functional testing in a way of user experience and interface which are all not easy in automated testing.
Manual testing is well-suited for complex scenarios testing which involves multiple variables or interactions that are difficult to automated testing
Manual Testers provide early feedback on software usability, feel, look and other aspects of non functionality of application which are not easy in automation.

Drawbacks of Manual Testing

Manual testing is highly time-consuming and requires large amount of human resources to execute test cases, efficiency of manual testing on large scale or repetitive task is very low.
Human errors occurs during the execution of test cases, potentially leading to inaccurate results or missed defects.
Investment of time & money is so high on Manual Testing like hiring the skilled professional requires more time & cost during the product making
Regression testing, which involves repeatedly executing the same test cases which become monotonous and error-prone for testers.
The manual documentation of test cases, results, and defects are time-consuming process

Examples for Manual Testing:

Ad Hoc Testing: Testers perform unplanned testing to identify defects or issues in specific areas of the application or software in a quickly manner.
User Acceptance Testing (UAT): client representatives manually test the software to validate whether it meets their requirements and expectations which are all conducted in three levels (Alpha,Beta,Gamma)
Security Testing: Testers manually finds the security flaws and identify vulnerabilities in the software, such as data leakage risks or weak authentication mechanisms.

Functional vs Non-Functional Testing

UdhayaNithi7 — Mon, 04 Sep 2023 00:29:16 +0000

Functional Testing:
Functional testing is a type of software testing technique that verifying the software application's functions work as intended and meet the specified requirements. it validate the functionalities of the software and behaves on user perspective. functional testing comes under the black box testing method. it performed to find the functioning of software as the specified requirement.

Unit testing, integration testing, system testing, user acceptance testing, regression testing are comes under functional testing.
Test cases are design are based on functional requirements, often specified in user stories, or functional specifications.
It works on identifying defects related to incorrect functionality, such as incorrect outputs, improper calculations.
software testing is highly focuses on validation like checking whether the software meets user needs and requirements.
usually this type of testing conducted throughout the development cycle, including unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and user acceptance testing.
Examples:
Login Functionality: Testing login functionality of the application using valid and invalid credentials.
Form Submission: Verifying the software or web application that collects forms and store user data accurately and securely.

Non Functional Testing:
Non-functional testing is a type of software testing evaluates the attributes of a software application that are not directly related to its specific functions. Unless functional testing it assess the performance of task under various conditions and how well it handles different condition and quality attributes.

load testing, stress testing, Performance testing, security testing, usability testing are comes under non functional testing
Non-functional testing aims to evaluate the software's attributes like , security, usability performance, and more.
Test scenarios are based on security standards, performance targets, and usability guideline.
It mainly identifies defects related to , security vulnerabilities, performance bottlenecks, security vulnerabilities, usability issues.
It works on verification like checking whether the software meets quality and technical attributes. it executed after functional testing
Examples:
_Performance Testing: _Assessing the response time of a web application under different user loads.
Compatibility Testing: Verifying a mobile app works seamlessly works in various devices, such as smartphones and tablets, with different screen sizes and resolutions.

Methods of Manual Testing

UdhayaNithi7 — Mon, 04 Sep 2023 00:23:44 +0000

Boundary Value Analysis
Boundary Value analysis is a software testing technique that evaluate the software performance at the boundaries or extreme input conditions. This technique is effective at identifying issues related to boundary conditions, where software behavior may differ significantly from the behavior within the normal input range. The boundary limits include the max , min and above and below the limit
Password Length:
Requirement: Passwords must be between 8 and 16 characters.
BVA Test Cases:
Test with passwords of lengths
7 (just below the lower boundary).
8 (on the lower boundary).
9 (just above the lower boundary).
15 (just below the upper boundary).
16 (on the upper boundary).
17 (just above the upper boundary).

Decision Table Testing
Decision table testing is a structured and systematic testing technique used to validate the correctness of a system's logic based on different combinations of inputs and it called as Cause-Effect table testing. It's particularly useful when dealing with complex business rules or scenarios this type of testing ensure that all possible combinations of conditions and their outcomes are tested, making it an effective technique for ensuring overall coverage.
Input Conditions:
Customer Type: Regular, Premium
Purchase Amount: Low < Rs.100, High >= Rs100

Condition 1 Condition 2 Output
Regular Low No
Regular High 10%
Premium Low 10%
Premium High 20%
Customer Type: Regular, Purchase Amt: Low
output: No Discount
Customer Type: Regular, Purchase Amt: High
output: 10% Discount
Customer Type: Premium, Purchase Amt: Low
output: 10% Discount
Customer Type: Premium, Purchase Amt: High
output: 20% Discount

Use case Testing
Use case testing is a method used to validating the system's behavior by testing its functionality against real-world scenarios. Use cases represent interactions between users and the system to achieve specific results. Use case testing ensures that the software application meets user requirements, behaves as expected in various user case , and provides value to its intended users
Scenario:
A user registers for a website by giving username, email address, and password.
User Test case:
User enters valid username, email, and password.
output: Registration is successful.
User enters an existing username with valid email, and password.
output: Registration fails with a message of username is already taken.
User enters valid username, invalid email format, and valid password.
Expected Outcome: Registration fails with a message of invalid email format.

LCSAJ Test method:
Linear Code Sequence and Jump (LCSAJ) testing method which comes under white-box testing technique that focuses on testing the different paths within a program's flow. It particularly follows the sequences of instructions within a program, including linear sequences and jumps that change the flow of execution. LCSAJ testing aims to ensure that all possible paths, transitions, and jumps within the code are tested, which helps identify potential logic errors, missing code , and unexpected behavior. It verifies the program's logic by testing all possible test case scenarios.
scenario:
if x >0:
y = x*2
else:
y = x-1
Test Case 1: x > 0
result: y = 2 * x
Test Case 2: x <= 0
result: y = x - 1

Software Testing

UdhayaNithi7 — Mon, 04 Sep 2023 00:10:43 +0000

Software Testing
software testing is the process which is used to make sure that software or system which meets the specified user requirements and it functions accordingly moreover it's a way to find the bugs found in the software while processing under various data and conditions. It involves testing the software with the purpose of identifying the issues that might affect its functionality, performance, security, and overall user experience.

Know about software testing
The very purpose of software testing is to ensure the the quality and reliability of a software product. to do so how the software testing process works. we need to know Testing Levels, Testing types ,Test case scenarios finding the Test objectives plays vital role in the testing the software which is comprises of finding defects, ensuring software quality, and validating requirements Emphasize the effective communication importance of collaboration between developers, testers, and other stakeholders.
.
Relevance of Software testing
Software Testing plays an critical role to ensure the delivering the high-quality & secure product.it helps to meet the quality standard and find the bugs in earlier stage to avoid costlier of product. Testing provide the Continuous feedback by using it to make the software to perform better Testing makes the software to test under various optimization condition by using the result data it gives insight and aid in decision making.