Event Handlers and Svelte

Umang Galaiya — Sat, 25 Apr 2020 08:38:45 +0000

Svelte is a framework for building frontend apps. I'm a huge fan of Svelte, mostly because it lets me do a lot of things with relatively fewer and less convoluted code. One of things that enable simpler code is how it lets you write event handlers. Let's talk about it.

This post has some basics and some cool things that I found. If you've already written your fair share of code, you might want to skip to the latter.

Basics

Event listeners are just regular functions like the ones you would use with React or with Vanilla JS. They get an event as the argument and let you do whatever you would want to.

A key different with React is that with Svelte, you don't pass the event listeners down from the parent to the child. Instead, you dispatch events from children to parents. You still can pass event listeners to children as props if that's what you want to do, but the recommended patterns is dispatching events from children. I like Svelte's pattern better since I don't have to worry about setting a no-op function as the default value of an onEvent prop.

`on:eventname`

You add event listeners on a component using the on:eventname directive.

<Button on:click={handleClick} />

You can use inline functions too.

<Button on:click={() => doSomething()} />

`on:eventname|modifier`

There's also something called a "modifier" that you can use with Svelte. They are mostly things you would set as behaviour of your event listener, or operations you usually do on the event argument.

Svelte supports the following modifiers:

preventDefault (no more event.preventDefault())
stopPropagation (no more event.stopPropagation())
passive
capture
once
self

<Button on:click|preventDefault={handleClick} />

The preceding code would first call event.preventDefault() before invoking handleClick(event). I really like this pattern, since it lets me define one function and use it regardless of whether it is being used as an event listener or being called independently. For example:

<script>
  function updateDetails (event) {
    event && event.preventDefault();

    Notifier.notify('Updating details');
    Datastore.getCurrentStore().updateDetails();
  }

  function saveProfile () {
    // ...

    updateDetails();

    // ...
  }
</script>

<Button on:click={updateDetails}>Update Details</Button>

In the preceding code, I'd have to explicitly check for the presence of event and then call preventDefault on it just to ensure that clicking the Button doesn't do something weird. With modifiers this would become

<script>
  function updateDetails () {
    Notifier.notify('Updating details');
    Datastore.getCurrentStore().updateDetails();
  }

  function saveProfile () {
    // ...

    updateDetails();

    // ...
  }
</script>

<Button on:click|preventDefault={updateDetails}>Update Details</Button>

dispatch

We have discussed how to handle events. Let's talk about dispatching events now.

Native DOM elements emit their regular events. With components, you would have to crate an event dispatcher and use that to dispatch your events. For this, you use the dispatcher returned by createEventDispatcher.

import { createEventDispatcher } from 'svelte';

const dispatch = createEventDispatcher();

dispatch(eventName, eventData);

Here's how you use it:

<script>
  import { createEventDispatcher } from 'svelte';

  const dispatch = createEventDispatcher();

  function updateDetails () {
    Notifier.notify('Updating details');

    Datastore
      .getCurrentStore()
      .updateDetails()
      .then(details => {
        dispatch('updated', details);
      })
  }

  function saveProfile () {
    // ...

    updateDetails();

    // ...
  }
</script>

<Button on:click|preventDefault={updateDetails}>Update Details</Button>

The parent component can then listen to the updated event:

<script>
  function handleUpdate (event) {
    const details = event.detail;

    // ...
  }
<script>

<Child on:updated={handleUpdated}>

Notice how we're getting the eventData using event.detail? Svelte internally uses a CustomEvent. This makes the modifiers work even on custom, dispatched events!

Forwarding Events

Hey, but what if I'm nested three levels down and I want to notify the parent that some event occured, without actually handling it?

Here's what I wrote when I didn't want to both reading the documentation:

DetailsForm.svelte

<script>
  import { createEventDispatcher } from 'svelte';

  const dispatch = createEventDispatcher();

  function onSubmit (event) {
    dispatch('submit', event);
  }
</script>

<form on:submit={onSubmit}>
  // ...
</form>

Profile.svelte

<script>
  import DetailsForm from './DetailsForm.svelte';

  function handleSubmit (event) {
    const actualEvent = event.detail; // Remember how this became a CustomEvent?

    const target = actualEvent.target;
  }
</script>

<DetailsForm on:submit={handleSubmit}>
  // ...
</form>

This got ugly and complicated because now I have to get the original event using event.detail. And what if I want to send this event one level up? Do I create an event dispatcher again? Ugh.

Well, not really. Here's how you actually do it.

DetailsForm.svelte

<form on:submit>
  // ...
</form>

Profile.svelte

<script>
  import DetailsForm from './DetailsForm.svelte';

  function handleSubmit (event) {
    const target = event.target;
  }
</script>

<DetailsForm on:submit={handleSubmit}>
  // ...
</form>

See how we DetailsForm.svelte suddenly became so clean? Turns out, if you don't give an event handler to on:eventname, it just sends it one level above. Without creating a CustomEvent. Neat. I don't have to deal with event.detail anymore.

Read more about all of this at Svelte's documentation.

Cool things

Handle and Forward events

What if, within my DetailsForm.svelte, I wanted to handle the submit event as well as forward it to the parent? One solution would be:

DetailsForm.svelte

<script>
  import { createEventDispatcher } from 'svelte';

  const dispatch = createEventDispatcher();

  function handleSubmit (event) {
    // Handle the event
  }

  // The actual event listener
  function onSubmit (event) {
    handleSubmit(event);

    dispatch('submit', event);
  }
</script>

<form on:submit={onSubmit}>
  // ...
</form>

It's getting ugly again. Let's try using the forwarding directive and the event listener directive at the same time.

<script>
  function handleSubmit (event) {
    // Handle the event
  }
</script>

<form on:submit on:submit={handleSubmit}>
  // ...
</form>

This actually works. Having both on:submit and on:submit={handleSubmit} lets you handle the event inside the component as well as forward it - all without having to deal with dispatch and CustomEvent.

Multiple Events

We were able to attach two on:submit directives to our form and still managed to keep things worked. But both of them did different things. Can we have multiple event listeners at same time? We can!

<script>
  function handleSubmit (event) {
    // Handle the event
  }

  function showModal (event) {
    // Show some modal
  }
</script>

<form on:submit={handleSubmit} on:submit={showModal}>
  // ...
</form>

Both handleSubmit and showModal will now be invoked when the form dispatches a submit event. We could even take it up a notch and forward the event using the forwarding directive: on:submit. Try it out.

Note: This works for both native DOM events as well as any custom events dispatched manually. It's all the same to Svelte.

Hi, I'm Umang Galaiya

Umang Galaiya — Thu, 16 Mar 2017 17:58:18 +0000

I have been coding fo 4 years.

You can find me on GitHub as umanghome

I live in Vadodara.

I will be graduating in June 2017. (Looking for jobs!)

I mostly program in these languages: JavaScript, Java, Python, C.

I am currently learning more about Machine Learning.

Nice to meet you.

DEV Community: Umang Galaiya

Event Handlers and Svelte

Basics

on:eventname

on:eventname|modifier

dispatch

Forwarding Events

Cool things

Handle and Forward events

Multiple Events

Hi, I'm Umang Galaiya

`on:eventname`

`on:eventname|modifier`